Syftet med denna uppsats är att försöka få reda på hur ungdomarna, som varit föremål för sociala insatsgrupper i flera stockholmsförorter norr om Stockholm, kan uppleva insatsen. Vi vill även försöka få reda på hur övriga aktörer, så som fältassistenter, samordnare och polis i samma förorter kan uppleva sociala insatsgrupper. Sociala insatsgrupper, även kallat SiG, kan beskrivas som en lokal samverkansgrupp kring ungdomen för att försöka förhindra att denne begår brott. Samverkansgruppens verksamhet innefattar ett ihållande och konsekvent arbete kring en ungdom som kan ha riskbeteenden gällande exempelvis kriminalitet och missbruk, med målsättningen att försöka minimera riskerna för ett brottsligt beteende. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ undersökning genom olika typer av intervjuer med ungdomar, samordnare, polis och fältassistenter. Upplevelser som existerar är en skepticism gällande polisens roll i nätverksmötena och att det finns samarbetsproblem mellan övriga aktörer. Det är viktigt att arbetet utgår från ungdomarna och deras behov annars kan det finnas risk att ungdomarna känner sig stämplade och att önskad effekt av insatsen uteblir. / The purpose of this study was an attempt to discover what the youth participants in a suburbs north of Stockholm district, may have experienced during their involvement in “SiG”.  In our study we also tried to explore what the other instances, may have experienced during their involvement in “SiG”, north of Stockholm district. “SiG” is a shortening of “social insatsgrupp” in swedish, and can be explained as the persistent local work around a youth who holds a risky behavior such as criminality and addictions to prevent that the negative characteristics escalates. In this study we use a qualitative approach, including qualitative research, such as phoneinterviews, conversations, and computer-assisted interviews. The main result we believe we have found, indicates experiences as skepticism towards the roll of the police. But also that the other instances must be committed to the cooperation. The various instances and the youth, need to understand their roles, their limitations, their goals, but also respect each others missions. Only if that can be achieved, maybe then the experience of labeling can be avoided.

I denna studie har polisers utsatthet i form av hot och våld undersökts. Studien baseras på kvalitativ metod och sju kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med poliser som både aktivt arbetar i yttre tjänst samt med poliser som har arbetat i yttre tjänst. Syftet med studien var att skapa djupare förståelse för polisers upplevelser av utsatthet i form av hot och våld i arbetet. För att uppfylla syftet formulerades tre frågeställningar: ”Vilken typ av hot och våld utsätts polispersonal i yttre tjänst för?”, ”Hur upplever polispersonal i yttre tjänst sin utsatthet för hot och våld?” och ”Vilka konsekvenser får utsattheten för hot och våld för polispersonal i yttre tjänst?”. Insamlad empiri från intervjuerna har analyserats utifrån studiens teoretiska ramverk som utgörs av tidigare forskning som undersökt vilka faktorer som innebär risker för poliser att utsättas för hot och våld, normalisering av hot och våld samt teori om krav, kontroll och socialt stöd i arbetet. Studiens resultat visar att definitionen av hot och våld grundar sig i polisernas subjektiva uppfattning av begreppet. Samtliga poliser vittnar om händelser där de varit utsatta för hot, våld eller både och i tjänsten. Det finns olika grader av våld, där våld som uppstår vid tumult i samband med ingripanden anses vara en lägre grad av våld och våldsamma handlingar som görs med uppsåt anses som allvarligare typer av våld. När det gäller hot upplevs det vara beroende av vem som uttalar hotet, huruvida hotet är riktat mot poliserna personligen eller mot deras familj eller anhöriga som främst avgör om det anses som allvarligt eller inte. Poliserna tenderar att normalisera och tona ner hotfulla och aggressiva handlingar baserat på uppfattningen att det till viss del ingår i rollen som polis att utsättas för hot och våld. Däremot anser inte poliserna att det är okej att utsättas för hot och våld i tjänsten oavsett omständigheter. Vidare visar resultatet att det finns krav på prestation i form av att ingripa vid situationer där det finns risk för att utsättas för hot och våld och att poliserna upplever sig ha en hög grad av kontroll i arbetet. Utsattheten för hot och våld i tjänsten hanteras genom att det finns ett bra socialt stöd på arbetet. / In this study, police vulnerability to threats and violence has been examined. The study is based on qualitative method and seven qualitative semi-structured interviews have been conducted with police officers who actively work as police officers in the external service as well as with police officers who have worked in external service. The aim of the study was to create a deeper understanding of police officers’ experiences of vulnerability to threats and violence at work. To fulfill the purpose, three issues were formulated: “What kind of threat and violence are police officers exposed to in the external service?”, “How do police officers in external service experience their vulnerability to threats and violence?” and “What are the consequences of the vulnerability to threat and violence for police officers in external service?”. The collected empirical data has been analyzed based on the study's theoretical framework consisted in previous research which examined which factors entail risks for police officers to be exposed to threats and violence, normalization of threats and violence as well as theory of demand, control and social support at work. The results of the study show that the definition of threat and violence is based on the police officer’s subjective perception of the concept. All police officers testify of events where they were exposed to threats, violence or both at work. There are different types of threat and varying degrees of violence, where violence that arises during commotion in interventions is seen as a lower degree of violence and violent acts made with intent were considered as more serious types of violence. Regarding threats, it was perceived to be dependent on who pronounces the threat, whether the threat is directed against them personally or their family who primarily determine whether it is considered serious or not. The police officers tend to normalize and to tone down threatening and aggressive actions based on the perception that it is to some extent included in the role of working as a police officer to be exposed to threats and violence. However, the police officers do not consider it being okay to be subjected to threats and violence at work regardless of the circumstances. Furthermore, the results show that there are demands for performance to intervene in situations where there is a risk of being exposed to threats and violence and that the police officers feel that they have a high degree of control in the work. The vulnerability to threats and violence at work is handled by good social support at work.

Organisationsförändringar kan medföra risker som innefattar oro, stress och konflikter inom verksamheten. Det är inte ovanligt att ledningen förväntar sig att verksamheten ska fungera som den alltid gjort samtidigt som genomförandearbetet läggs på medarbetarna. Risken finns att en organisationsförändring kan ge konsekvenser som innebär att folk säger upp sig. Denna kandidatuppsats syftar till att ta reda på hur omorganisationen av polismyndigheten som genomfördes den 1 Januari 2015 upplevs av poliser i den ingripande verksamheten. Vi vill skapa förståelse för hur polisens arbete har påverkats i och med organisationsförändringen. Det som gör vår studie unik och egen är att den på ett nyanserat sätt belyser nya aspekter av omorganisationen ur en sociologisk synvinkel, med fokus på polisernas egna känslor och upplevelser. Teorierna vi valt att utgå ifrån behandlar organisationsförändring ur ett strukturellt perspektiv men även på individnivå. Organisationsmodellerna Lean Production, Den byråkratiska organisationsformen och Organisationsförändringsteorin har vi valt att tillämpa för att skapa förståelse för hur poliserna upplever omorganisationens verksamhetsidé i praktiken. Vi har även använt oss av teorierna Alienation och Erkännande för att få en djupare förståelse för hur poliserna upplever att omorganisationen har påverkat deras arbete och arbetsvillkor. Vår sociologiska analys kommer grunda sig i samtliga teorier, vetenskapliga artiklar och den empiriska sammanställningen genom en utförlig diskussion i förhållande till varandra.  Vi har använt oss av ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt där den empiriska datan samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Den insamlade empirin tillsammans med med våra teoretiska utgångspunkter lade grunden för vår analys samt avslutande reflektioner och slutsatser. Slutsatsen vi kunde dra utifrån polisernas upplevelser av omorganisationen är att det var brist på kommunikation och information under reformens genomförande, vilket i sin tur skapade motstånd och friktioner i relation till polisernas försämrade arbetsvillkor. / Unsuccessful organizational changes can imply risks that include anxiety, stress and conflicts within the agency. While the management expects the agency to function as it always has, it is not uncommon for the implementation work to be imposed on the employees. Therefore, there is a risk that organizational changes can have consequences that results in people resigning. This bachelor's thesis aims to examine how the reorganization of the Swedish police which implemented on January 1, 2015 is experienced by cops in Intervention activities. Furthermore, we also intended to create an understanding for how police work has been affected by this particular organizational change. What makes our study unique is that it in a nuanced way highlights new aspects of the reorganization from a sociological approach directed on the police officers own emotions and experiences related to the organizational change. The theories we have chosen to start from deal with organizational change from a structural perspective, but also at the individual level. The organizational models Lean Production, The Bureaucratic organizational form and The organizational change theory we have chosen to apply to create an understanding of how the police experience the reorganization's business idea in practice. We have also used the theories Alienation and The struggle to Recognition to gain a deeper understanding of how the police experience that the reorganization has affected their work and working conditions. Our sociological analysis will be based on all theories, scientific articles and the empirical compilation through a detailed discussion in relation to each other. Our study had been based on a qualitative approach through which we collected the empirical data by semi-structured interviews. The collected empirics, associated with our theoretical basis, formed the foundation for our analysis as well as our concluding reflections and conclusions. The most comprehensive conclusion we can compose from the police officers personal experiences of the reorganization, is that there was a deficient communication and information related to the reform that constituted resistance and frictions within the agency.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur förhörsledare inom Polisens olika avdelningar upplevde rättssäkerheten i att använda sig av tolk vid förhör. Materialet till studien insamlades genom sex kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med förhörsledare som hade erfarenhet av förhör där tolk medverkat. Resultatet framställdes genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Tidigare forskning inom det aktuella ämnet, kommunikationsteorin samt Mertons teori om strain låg till grund för analysen av intervjumaterialet. Resultatet visade att intervjupersonernas upplevelser var att rättssäkerheten påverkas vid polisförhör där tolk medverkar. Vidare kunde vi härleda detta till fem olika aspekter. Dessa tematiserades till tolkens roll i förhörsammanhanget, tolkens sätt att närvara, tolkens auktorisation, kommunikationsbrister samt tolkens bakgrund. / The purpose of this study was to examine whether interrogators within the various police departments experienced legal certainty in using interpreter at interrogation. The material for the study was collected through six qualitative, semi-structured interviews with interrogators who had experience in interrogation where interpreter participated. The result was presented through a qualitative content analysis. Previous research within the current subject, communication theory and Merton's theory of strain formed the basis for the analysis of the interview material. The results showed that the experiences of the interviewees were that legal certainty is affected by police interrogations where an interpreter participates. Furthermore, we could deduce this into five different aspects. These were thematised to the interpreter's role in the interrogation context, the interpreter's way of attending, the interpretation of the interpreter, the lack of communication, and the background of the interpreter.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka erfarenheter svenska poliser har av arbetet med fordonsstopp och vilka premisser de utgår från vid beslut om att kontrollera fordon i trafiken. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem poliser, framkom att de överlag hade svårt att besvara frågan gällande vilka erfarenheter de har av arbetet med fordonsstopp. Resultatet tyder på att dessa erfarenheter gör arbetet lättare för poliserna, samtidigt upplevs erfarenheterna kunna resultera i oönskade beteenden. Deras erfarenheter är också att arbetet har utvecklats med åren. Utöver lagöverträdelser, verkade inte några klargjorda premisser gällande beslut om fordonsstopp finnas. Trots detta uppgav deltagarna liknande premisser, såsom trafikförseelser, underrättelseinformation och känslan av att något inte står rätt till.  I samband med fordonsstopp sker selekteringen inför beslutsfattandet genom allmän profilering och något poliser benämner byggstenar. Det förekom dock delade uppfattningar om vad som format deras premisser. / The purpose of this study was to examine what experience Swedish police officers have of traffic stops and on which premises they decide to control a vehicle in traffic. Through semi structured interviews with five police officers, it appeared that they generally had difficulties in answering questions regarding their experience of traffic stops. The results indicate that these experiences seem to facilitate the work for the policemen, simultaneously the experiences appear to result in unwanted behaviour. Their experiences are that the work have developed through the years. Beyond delinquency, there seems to be no clear premises regarding decision making in traffic stops. Despite that the participants stated similar premises, among others; traffic violence, intelligence information and the feeling that something doesn't feel right. Associated with traffic stops the selection for decision making is done by general profiling and something that police officers refers to as building blocks. However, there were different opinions regarding what have formed their premises.

O presente estudo pretende examinar o papel desempenhado pelo culto de Zeus na legitimação de grupos e regimes políticos nas póleis gregas, bem como na construção de redes de identidade grega em contexto políade. Queremos oferecer explicações válidas sobre quais fatores políticos e sociais levaram à emergência do culto de Zeus na pólis grega no final do século VII a.C., à apropriação de seu culto a partir do século VI a.C. - o período no qual a pólis alcançou o seu primeiro ápice de urbanização e no qual ocorreu o primeiro aumento de santuários cívicos do deus (no território e na área urbana) e do uso da imagem da águia em moedas gregas -, assim como ao fenômeno de proliferação dos santuários e de imagens monetárias de Zeus e do raio nos séculos V e IV a.C., quando o culto se consolidou na cidade grega. A nossa documentação básica será: 1) todos os componentes de todos os santuários gregos dedicados a Zeus, conhecidos arqueologicamente, entre a Idade do Bronze e a época clássica (até 345/44 a.C.); e 2) todas as moedas conhecidas com imagens de Zeus e de seus atributos, o raio e a águia, cunhadas a partir do período arcaico e até 345/44 a.C. Moedas e santuários compõem a documentação, pois têm em comum o caráter de oficialidade e de identidade da cidade grega: os dois tipos de documento partem de uma mesma entidade política, a pólis. Essa pesquisa oferecerá um panorama geral do culto de Zeus na pólis na longa duração, além de uma abordagem regional que sublinhará os casos mais significativos a respeito de ambos os tipos de documentação referentes à divindade no Peloponeso, em Creta, na Sicília e na Itália do Sul. / The present study is designed to examine the role played by the cult of Zeus in the legitimization of political groups and regimes in Greek poleis, as well as in the construction of networks of Greek identity in a polis context. This investigation aims to offer valid explanations to the following subjects: a) the political and social factors that caused the emergence of cult of Zeus in the Greek polis in the end of the 7th century BC; b) the appropriation of his cult in the poleis from the 6th century BC (the period in which the polis achieved the first apex of urbanization, when occurred the first increase of civic sanctuaries of the deity and the use of eagles types on Greek coins); c) the phenomenon of proliferation of sanctuaries and coin types of Zeus and thunderbolts during the 5th and 4th centuries BC, when the cult was consolidated in the Greek cities. The basic sources of this research are: 1) all components of all known Greek sanctuaries dedicated to Zeus between the Bronze Age and the Classical period until 345/44 BC).; and, 2) all known coins with images of Zeus or his attributes, in this case the thunderbolt and eagle minted between the Archaic period and 345/44 BC. The choice of coins and sanctuaries as the main sources was due to the fact that both share characteristics of identity and officiality of the Greek city, both types of data originate from the same political entity, the polis. This research will provide an overview of the cult of Zeus in poleis in a long-term perspective, as well as a regional approach which will focus on both types of data (sanctuaries and coin types) regarding the deity in four areas of the Greek world - Peloponnese, Crete, Sicily and Southern Italy.

A mobilidade de populações caracterizou a apropriação do meio físico e os processos de territorialização na região do Mediterrâneo antigo. Dada a ocupação de áreas costeiras dos continentes e das ilhas que compõem os territórios habitáveis da região, grupos sociais utilizaram o meio terrestre e marítimo para conectar as diversas regiões e respectivas populações. Disto decorre que as trocas, intercâmbios e comércio tenham exercido papel fundamental no desenvolvimento social, político e cultural das diversas entidades que compõe o conjunto de sociedades que compartilham o Mar Mediterrâneo como meio de acesso, barreira e paisagem. Interpretamos a pólis grega como uma coisa, desmembrada em partes menores, território, vias, espaços especializados, áreas de culto e meio geográfico para oferecer uma intervenção original nas discussoes acerca das origens dos assentamentos gregos permanentes em territórios estrangeiros. Neste trabalho analisam-se as inter-relações entre a emergência das elites vinculadas às atividades agrícolas e comerciais no período de transição entre a Idade do Ferro e o Período Arcaico. Estudam-se também a materialização de sua agenda político-cultural na infra-estruturação das cidades, bem como nas práticas sociais cuja performance se dava nestes espaços. Tais elementos tinham papel ativo, funcionando como suportes aos discursos sobre seus dirigentes políticos e incidiram na consubstanciação de uma geografia ôntica, que gradualmente configurou um dos sentidos de helenidade compartilhado pelos gregos antigos: o Ser na pólis. Analisamos um conjunto de apoikias da Sicília fundadas pelos gregos das metrópoles Cálcis, Mégara, Corinto, Rodes e Creta. Através da Identificação da interdependência entre estas comunidades, conclui-se que esta não se caracteriza por qualquer espécie de domínio político. Esta interdependência é materializada nos arranjos urbanos, replicação de cultos e apropriação da paisagem dos assentamentos analisados. O presente estudo identifica fases de estabelecimento das apoikias, caracterizadas por processos de aquisição territorial marcadamente distintos no que concerne a adoção de tamanhos de lotes na àsty, extensão da khóra e infra-estruturação sacra da paisagem. Por fim, propomos uma reflexão sobre o papel das redes de contato como agentes que impulsionaram o processo de criação de assentamentos gregos permanentes em territórios estrangeiros e seu impacto no desenvolvimento da pólis de época arcaica. / Population mobility has characterized the appropriation of the physical environment and processes of territorialization in the ancient Mediterranean region. Given the occupation of the coastlines of continents and islands that constitute the inhabitable territories in the region, social groups made use of land and sea to connect different regions and their respective populations. As a result of these exchanges, interchanges and trade had a fundamental role in the social, political and cultural development of the societies sharing the Mediterranean Sea as a means of access, as a barrier and as landscape. In this study we understand the Greek polis as one whole thing subdivided into smaller parts such as territory, roads, spaces for specific use, areas of worship and geographic environment in order to provide an original intervention in discussions on the origins of permanent Greek settlements in foreign territories. This work analyzes the interrelations between the emergences of elites associated with agricultural and commercial activities in the transition period between the Iron Age and Archaic Greece. Included in this study is also the materialization of their political and cultural agenda reflected in the infrastructure of the cities, as well as social practices whose performance was enacted in these spaces. Such elements had an active role in supporting discourses about their political leaders, acting on the consubstantiation of an ontic geography that gradually became one of the meanings of helenicity shared by ancient Greeks: the Being in the polis. We analyze a group of apoikias founded in Sicily by Greeks from the metropoles Kalcis, Megara, Korith, Rhodes and Krete. Through the identification of the interdependence between these communities, we have concluded that it is not characterized by any kind of political domination. This interdependence is materialized in the urban organization, replication of worship and appropriation of landscapes of the settlements analyzed. In this study we identify phases in the development of the apoikias, which are marked by processes of territorial acquisition clearly distinct, in terms of the size of plots in the asty, extension of khora and sacred infrastructure of the landscape. Finally, we propose a reflection on the role of the networks of contact as agents prompting the processes of creation of permanent Greek settlements in foreign territories and their impact in the development of the Greek polis in Archaic Greece.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-08-17T20:23:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 473528 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1665841 bytes, checksum: 1e03f16b78da931d0d71809bb313ee0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-17T20:23:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 473528 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1665841 bytes, checksum: 1e03f16b78da931d0d71809bb313ee0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-28 / Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) is mainly indicated as a liner or base in restorative materials. In deep dentinal cavities where there is not symptomatology, only partial dentine is removed in order to avoid the pulp exposure. Thus, the restorative material is very close to the pulp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incorporation of zinc oxide or extract of propolis in a RMGIC, subsequently testing the mechanical properties and citotoxicity. For the control group, the RMGIC (Vitremer, 3M ESPE) was handled in its original formulation (G7). Zinc oxide was inserted to the powder of RMGIC in the following proportions: 10% (G1), 20% (G2) e 30% (G3), which were mixed with the original liquid of Vitremer. The extract of propolis was inserted to the liquid of Vitremer in the following proportions: 10% (G4), 20% (G5), 30% (G6), which were mixed with the original powder of Vitremer. Compressive strength, diametral tensile, microhardness and roughness were measured. The cytotoxity was evaluated by MTT assay and neutral red after 24 and 48 hours of exposition. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 22. To verify normality and homogeneity, Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests were used, respectively, with significance level of 5%. The roughness, microhardness and compressive strength were assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by a multiple-comparison Tukey post hoc test. The diametral tensile was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by a multiple-comparison Games-Howell post hoc test. For cytotoxity tests, one-way ANOVA and Duncan post hoc test was used to identify intergroup differences. The level of significance was set at p < 0,05. No significant difference was observed in the compressive strength and diametral tensile amog groups in relation to control group (G7). Groups 2, 4 e 6 did not differ in microhardness to the control group (G7). In the roughness test, the group 6 presented the highest mean statistical difference from group 7. Experimental groups showed similar or highest values of cell viability when compared to the group 7 in MTT assay and neutral red tests. The addition of 10% and 20% of extract of propolis or zinc oxide do not interfere in the mechanical proprieties and cytotoxicity of RMGIC. / O cimento de ion?mero de vidro modificado por resina (CIVMR) tem como fun??o principal servir como liner ou base na presen?a de material restaurador ou at? mesmo como material restaurador. Em cavidades profundas com aus?ncia de sinais e sintomas de pulpite irrevers?vel, a dentina afetada por c?rie pode ser mantida a fim de evitar a exposi??o pulpar, permanecendo, assim, um material muito pr?ximo ? polpa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da inclus?o de ?xido de zinco ou de extrato de pr?polis em um CIVMR nas propriedades mec?nicas e citotoxicidade. Para o grupo controle, o cimento de ion?mero de vidro modificado por resina (Vitremer, 3M ESPE) foi manipulado em sua formula??o original (G7). As modifica??es foram realizadas atrav?s da inclus?o de ?xido de zinco ao p? do CIVMR nas seguintes propor??es: 10% (G1), 20% (G2) e 30% (G3) com rela??o ao peso, sendo aglutinado com o l?quido original do material. O extrato de pr?polis foi inserido ao l?quido do Vitremer nas seguintes propor??es: 10% (G4), 20% (G5) e 30% (G6) com rela??o em volume, sendo aglutinado com o p? original do CIVMR. Para a an?lise das propriedades mec?nicas foram realizados os testes de resist?ncia ? tra??o diametral, resist?ncia ? compress?o, microdureza e rugosidade superficial, 24 horas ap?s a confec??o dos corpos de prova. Para a an?lise da citotoxicidade foram realizados os testes de MTT e vermelho neutro, sendo avaliados nos per?odos de 24 e 48 horas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados atrav?s do software IBM SPSS 22. A distribui??o de normalidade foi verificada atrav?s do teste de Shapiro-Wilk e a homogeneidade atrav?s do teste de Levene. Os testes de rugosidade, microdureza e compress?o foram submetidos a ANOVA de um fator e Tukey. O teste de tra??o diametral foi submetido aos testes de ANOVA ucelentem fator e de Games-Howell. Os testes de citotoxicidade foram submetidos aos testes de ANOVA de um fator e Duncan. Todos os testes foram realizados com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%, considerando p < 0,05. N?o foi registrada diferen?a estat?stica entre os grupos testados nos testes de resist?ncia a compress?o e tra??o diametral com rela??o ao grupo controle (G7). Na microdureza, os grupos 2, 4 e 6 n?o diferiram estatisticamente do grupo 7. Com rela??o ? rugosidade, apenas o grupo 6 apresentou m?dia superior ao G7. Nos testes de MTT e vermelho neutro, todos os grupos mostraram valores similares ou superiores ao grupo 7. A adi??o de extrato de pr?polis ou ?xido de zinco n?o interfere nas propriedades mec?nicas e na citotoxicidade do CIVMR nas concentra??es de at? 20%.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:09:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 396702.pdf: 2855623 bytes, checksum: d3341567b199e8e726e743c6511cb5e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-30 / Em col?nias de abelhas sem ferr?o a aplica??o da pr?polis ? ampla, sendo utilizada como mat?ria-prima nas constru??es e defesa contra inimigos. H? registros de armazenamento de pr?polis viscosa, sob forma de ac?mulos isolados em ninhos de Tetragonisca angustula e esp?cies de Plebeia. Acredita-se que subst?ncias glandulares das oper?rias possam ser adicionadas a pr?polis, especificamente para a manuten??o do estado viscoso deste produto. Duas col?nias de Plebeia emerina (Friese, 1900) foram avaliadas, entre outubro/2003 e setembro/2004, quanto ? caracteriza??o sazonal da ?rea, do n?mero e da distribui??o espacial dos ac?mulos isolados de pr?polis. Mensalmente, esses ac?mulos foram medidos e registrados quanto ? posi??o relativa dos mesmos nas col?nias. Entre setembro/2004 a janeiro/2005 investigou-se a divis?o de trabalho relacionada ? pr?polis, a partir de observa??es de oper?rias marcadas em quatro col?nias. Paralelamente, caracterizou-se o desenvolvimento de gl?ndulas salivares da cabe?a e intramandibulares de oper?rias em diferentes fases de vida (rec?m emergidas, com 20-30 dias e campeiras) com o intuito de relacionar a funcionalidade das gl?ndulas ? faixa et?ria em que as oper?rias atuam na macera??o da pr?polis viscosa. As gl?ndulas foram analisadas em microscopia de luz, eletr?nica de varredura e transmiss?o. Resultados mostraram que a ?rea e o n?mero dos ac?mulos de pr?polis nas col?nias foram significativamente menores entre outubro e mar?o. O aumento das ?reas dos ac?mulos de pr?polis, entre abril e setembro, pode estar relacionado ? prepara??o das col?nias para o per?odo de outonoinverno. A an?lise sazonal da distribui??o dos dep?sitos indica a prefer?ncia, ao longo de todo o per?odo, da posi??o anterior da col?nia para acumular a pr?polis. Esta constata??o fortalece a hip?tese do uso da pr?polis viscosa na defesa, principalmente junto ? entrada das col?nias. O trabalho nos ac?mulos de pr?polis viscosa iniciou no 13?dia, estendendose at? o 56?dia. O maior desenvolvimento das gl?ndulas salivares foi registrado em oper?rias de 20-30 dias. Sugere-se que as subst?ncias secretadas sejam acrescidas aos ac?mulos de pr?polis, refor?ando a hip?tese da manuten??o do estado viscoso do produto. Em adi??o, a fun??o do epit?lio intramandibular secretor, hipertrofiado nas oper?rias de 20-30 dias e campeiras, possivelmente, envolve a lubrifica??o das mand?bulas, possibilitando a macera??o da pr?polis

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:29:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 411547.pdf: 1643638 bytes, checksum: 504815890cf884c209a55bc51684be4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-15 / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da solu??o de pr?polis no tratamento da superf?cie radicular de dentes reimplantados tardiamente, ap?s remo??o qu?mica ou mec?nica do ligamento periodontal. Foram utilizados 36 ratos machos (Wistar) que tiveram o incisivo central superior direito extra?do e mantido em meio seco por 15 minutos. Ap?s este per?odo, foram distribu?dos em seis grupos: grupo MP remo??o mec?nica do ligamento periodontal, pela raspagem com l?mina de bisturi, seguida de imers?o em solu??o de pr?polis a 6% ; grupo MF remo??o mec?nica do ligamento periodontal, pela raspagem com l?mina de bisturi, seguida da imers?o em fluoreto de s?dio a 2%; grupo M remo??o mec?nica do ligamento periodontal, pela raspagem com l?mina de bisturi; grupo QP remo??o qu?mica do ligamento periodontal, por imers?o em hipoclorito de s?dio a 1%, seguida da aplica??o t?pica de solu??o de pr?polis a 6%; grupo QF remo??o qu?mica do ligamento periodontal por imers?o em hipoclorito de s?dio a 1%, seguida de imers?o em fluoreto de s?dio a 2%; e grupo Q remo??o qu?mica do ligamento periodontal, por imers?o em hipoclorito de s?dio a 1%. Os canais radiculares foram preenchidos com pasta de hidr?xido de c?lcio e, em seguida, os dentes foram reimplantados. Ap?s 60 dias, foram obtidas as pe?as operat?rias, submetidas a cortes longitudinais de 6u de espessura, as l?minas histol?gicas foram coradas em HE para an?lise microsc?pica descritiva, sob microscopia de luz. Observou-se que a remo??o qu?mica com solu??o de hipoclorito de s?dio a 1% proporciona menores ?reas de reabsor??o dent?ria preenchidas por tecido conjuntivo, quando comparada ? remo??o mec?nica do ligamento periodontal. Os grupos tratados com solu??o de pr?polis a 6% apresentaram caracter?sticas no reparo muito semelhantes ? solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2%. A solu??o de pr?polis a 6% favoreceu o reparo tecidual quando utilizada como tratamento de superf?cie radicular, mas n?o evitou reabsor??es radiculares e anquilose dentoalveolar. A solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% (refer?ncia-padr?o), quando associada ? remo??o qu?mica do ligamento periodontal demonstrou um processo de cicatriza??o mais organizado e com menor destrui??o dentin?ria, quando comparada ? solu??o de pr?polis a 6%, mas tamb?m n?o evitou reabsor??es radiculares e anquilose dentoalveolar. As reabsor??es radiculares presentes no grupo MP foram mais lineares quando comparadas ?quelas do grupo MF que mostraram maior invas?o dentin?ria.