La présente thèse est dédiée à l'étude du slogan publicitaire russe moderne, son fonctionnement en tant que formule laconique et frappante dans le cadre de l'analyse du discours. Nous nous intéressons dans un premier temps à l'histoire du slogan russe, à son évolution à travers des faits linguistiques qui étaient différents suivant telle ou telle époque de l'histoire russe. Comme le but du slogan publicitaire est d'agir sur le consommateur potentiel, une grande partie de notre travail est consacrée à l'étude de l'aspect rhétorique : la classification et les champs d'application des différentes figures du discours, y compris des figures innovantes pour les slogans russes, telles que les constructions segmentées, les jeux de mots et leurs différents types, les phrases nominales, etc. Dans la dernière partie de notre thèse, nous nous focalisons sur l'aspect pragmatique et montrons le slogan dans une perspective interculturelle, en construisant une pragmatique du traduire. Nous regroupons différents procédés de transformation pragmatique nécessaires pour l'obtention d'un slogan adapté à la langue et à la culture cibles et définissons la transcréation comme processus et résultat du travail du traducteur de slogans, afin d'éviter les phénomènes d'inadéquation lexicale, sémantique, syntaxique ou culturelle. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of modern advertising slogans in Russia, and its function as a laconic and striking formula in the field of discourse analysis. We focus initially on the history of Russian advertising slogan, including its evolution discussed through a comparative study of linguistic facts associated with a given period of Russian history. Since the end goal of an advertising slogan is to influence a potential consumer's buying decision, a crucial part of our study is dedicated to the analysis of the rhetoric aspect of advertizing slogans: classification and analysis of application scope of various figures of speech, including forms of slogans that are innovative for Russian advertising, for example, segmented structures, word play and its varieties, nominative phrases, etc. In the last part of our thesis we focus on pragmatic aspect and show the slogan in the frame of cross-cultural communication, by building up the concept of translation pragmatics. We gather and provide a list of different pragmatic transformation devices that are aimed to adapt the source slogan to the cultural perception of the target audience. We define transcreation as a process and a result of a translator's work and insight that permits to avoid the inadequacy phenomena on lexical, semantic, syntactic, and cultural levels.

El presente estudio se establece en el ámbito de la enseñanza de la competencia pragmática del español como lengua extranjera, más concretamente en el acto de habla expresivo del saludo. Existe una amplia variedad de estudios sobre la instrucción explícita de actos de habla en inglés, aunque el número de estudios basados en el aprendizaje de actos de habla a través de tratamientos pedagógicos en español es reducido y ninguno de ellos se centra en el saludo. El saludo es un acto de habla expresivo que, a pesar de su carácter universal y su extensa variedad de fórmulas, únicamente se expone en las primeras lecciones de E/LE. Acorde con las preguntas de investigación, el propósito de esta investigación es realizar un análisis sobre la enseñanza explícita con atención en la forma del acto de habla del saludo en el contexto sueco. A través de éste se comprueba la eficacia del tratamiento pedagógico y los efectos que tiene a distintos niveles de competencia. Para la recogida de datos se diseñó un tratamiento pedagógico, un cuestionario sociolingüístico y un test (pre y post) sobre conocimientos del saludo. Los participantes del estudio fueron estudiantes de secundaria suecos estudiantes de L3 español, los cuales conforman la muestra experimental y un grupo de control. Asimismo, también tomaron parte estudiantes de secundaria españoles como grupo de control de la lengua meta. Los resultados del estudio demuestran que los participantes con un mayor nivel de competencia son los que se han beneficiado considerablemente del tratamiento pedagógico centrado en el saludo. / The following study pertains to the field of Spanish as a foreign language: teaching the pragmatic competence, more specifically in the expressive speech act of greetings. There is a wide variety of studies related to the explicit instruction of speech acts in English, although the number of studies based on the learning of speech acts through educational treatments in Spanish is reduced and none of them focuses on greetings. Despite its universal nature and wide variety of forms, greetings are expressive speech acts only presented during the first lessons of Spanish as a foreign language. In accordance with the research questions, the aim of this research is to analyze the explicit teaching based on focus on form methodology of the greeting speech act in a Swedish context. Within this particular context, the efficiency of the pedagogical treatment as well as its effect on different levels of competence are going to be checked. A pedagogical treatment, a sociolinguistic questionnaire and a test (pre and post) on greeting knowledge have been designed to collect data. Study participants were Swedish high school students of L3 Spanish; they were organized into either experimental sample and control group. Spanish high school students also took part into this study as a control group of the target language. The study results show that participants with a higher level of competence receive the greatest benefit from the pedagogical treatment focused on the greeting.

The Thesis deals with the Dalton Plan and it is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is concerned with the scientific literature connected with the pragmatic pedagogy, the Dalton Plan and specifics of the Dalton Plan in the Czech Republic. The goal of the empirical part is to research of social climate in Dalton and traditional classes and traditional classes and their mutually comparison.

This thesis deals with a pragmatic analysis of profiles of online dating service in Czech Republic. The main objective of this work is to interpret a form of profile presentation on an online dating site. The profiles are interpreted in terms of communication situation, of communication strategies, of the differences between male and female profiles and of the differences between different age profiles. Interpretation of the data is based on stylistic and pragmatic analysis of individual profiles of online dating service and on the percentage of relevant data. The theoretical part of the thesis defines research of the online dating services, existing theories and research of internet environment concerning the foundation of internet dating services, gender stereotypes in online dating, self-presentation online and choosing a partner. The theoretical part consists also of a summary of my own brief survey about people's attitudes to online dating services. The theoretical part of the thesis defines also the pragmatic exploration which constitutes the basis of pragmatic analysis. The basis of practical part of the thesis is stylistic analysis of the text parts of profiles and pragmatic analysis of text and visual part of profiles and the comparison of the percentage of relevant data. Results of the...

The pragmatic language level in junior school pupils is the subject of the Master's thesis. The main object is to analyze the expression of the selected pupils with autism disorder, focusing on the pragmatic language level and then suggest other consecution for the practical use. The ultimate target is to analyze verbal, nonverbal and paralinguistic aspects of their speech. The theoretical part is focused on the process of communication, each language levels, and impaired communication ability. There is also theoretical knowledge about the autistic spectrum disorders, especially the terminology, etiology, symptomatology and the particular types of the disorders. The last part is based on the specification of the speech of pupils with the autistic spectrum disorder and the possibility of other development in this area, for example how to use the alternative and augmentative communication. The empiric part includes the qualitative research that analyses pragmatic language level of the selected pupils within the autistic spectrum. The analysis of the research, the observation of the participant, and the semi-structured dialog with the mother and the child are used to elaborate the research. KEYWORDS disorders of the autistic spectrum, autism, pragmatic language level, communication, impaired...

Un des domaines des sciences humaines qui s’est considérablement enrichi, ces dernières années, des théories de l’action est celui des sciences de l’éducation. Notre travail de thèse se situe dans cette orientation. Il porte sur l’analyse de l’agir de l’enseignant dans des classes d’anglais et de français, langues étrangères, appliquées dans le système scolaire Chypriote. Une lecture attentive des instructions officielles concernant l’enseignement de ces deux LE permet de relever un ensemble de finalités et d’objectifs qui renseignent sur ce qu’on pourrait considérer comme la méthodologie sous-jacente à l’enseignement/apprentissage des deux LE en question : l’Approche Communicative. Le but visé dans les deux enseignements est l’acquisition de compétences communicatives. Partant de cette constatation nous avons voulu de savoir comment est organisé et comment se réalise dans les faits l’enseignement communicatif scolaire de LE différentes, par des enseignants se référant à un même courant didactique ? Ce qui revient à dire que nous chercherons à répondre à la question de savoir de quelle manière des enseignants des LE différentes initient, organisent et font fonctionner les interactions en classe dans le cadre d’un enseignement communicatif de la LE? Ces préoccupations placent notre recherche dans le champ de la didactique descriptive. Nous voudrions analyser l’agir professoral suivant sa triple fonction, d’initiation et de maintien de l’interaction, de mise en scène des savoirs et d’organisation d’un espace d’enseignement/apprentissage communicatif des LE. Pour ce faire, nous aurons recours à deux méthodes d’analyse : une analyse pragmatique de l’activité didactique en classe et une analyse interactionnelle. Notons enfin que notre analyse se veut comparative. Elle procède davantage de la mise en évidence des pratiques et des conduites telles qu’elles apparaissent dans l’une et l’autre situation, en tenant compte des caractéristiques de chacune d’elles. / One of the fields of the social sciences which has been considerably influenced the last few years by the action theory, is that of the educational sciences. This thesis is in this direction. It focuses on the analysis of the teacher's action in English and French as Foreign Language classes, applied in the Cypriot educational system. A careful reading of the official instructions concerning the teaching of these two languages, can raise a set of aims and objectives that provide information about what could be considered as the underlying methodology in teaching/learning of both languages; the Communicative Approach. The aim in both courses is the acquisition of communication skills. Bearing this in mind the author wanted to know how communicative teaching of those two languages is organized and how realized by teachers referring to the same teaching/learning methodology. Consequently, the author seeks to answer the question of how teachers of those two languages initiate, organize and operate the classroom interaction in the context of communicative teaching of both these foreign languages. These concerns place our research in the field of descriptive didactics. The teacher's action is analyzed following its triple function: induction and maintenance of classroom interaction, creation of an ongoing learning environment and organization of communicative teaching. To this end, we use two methods of analysis: a pragmatic analysis of classroom didactic activity and an interaction analysis. Finally, it is noted that the analysis is intended to be comparative. It strives to the identify practices and behaviors as they appear in one or the other cases, taking into account the different characteristics of the teaching of each languages of the above.

[pt] O objetivo desta análise é propor a conceituação e a organização das expressões formulaicas a partir do corpus que consta de 6 episódios do programa Os Normais da Rede Globo de Televisão, reunidas no DVD de mesmo nome. A fundamentação teórica básica deste trabalho concentra-se na área da Funcionalismo, associado à Pragmática e vale-se do conceito de função (Neves, 1997), e seqüência formulaica numa perspectiva pragmática (Wray, 2002). Nossos resultados apontam para uma lista sistematizada de expressões formulaicas, que funcionam como um dos mecanismos lingüísticos usados no cotidiano, favorecendo a economia lingüística e proporcionando o aumento da competência de uso da língua portuguesa para o estrangeiro. / [en] The aim of this analysis is to propose a conceptualization and organization of the formulaic expressions taken from a corpus of 6 episodes of the Rede Globo sitcom Os normais , included in a DVD also titled Os normais.. The theoretical basis of this work is in Functionalism in association with Pragmatics, adopting the concepts of function (Neves, 1997) and formulaic sequence from a pragmatic perspective (Wray, 2002). Our results point to a systematic list of formulaic expressions, that are one the used linguistic devices in everyday language, favoring linguistic economy and increasing linguistic competence in Portuguese for non-native speakers.

Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda ut på hur lågstadielärare ser på den digitaliserade skriftspråksutvecklingen i skolan samt hur pedagoger undervisar skriftspråket. Samhället som vi människor lever i idag har blivit alltmer digitaliserat och skolan har naturligen följt med i denna digitala utveckling. Datorer och surfplattor är ett vanligt förekommande verktyg i skolor, även om tillgången till dessa verktyg ser olika ut i olika skolor. Studien har sin utgångspunkt utifrån det sociokulturella och pragmatiska perspektivet. Undersökningen genomförs med hjälp av enkät som riktas till pedagoger som arbetar i lågstadiet. Resultatet av studien visar att lärarna är positiva till den digitala skriftspråksutveckling. Det beror på dels på att maskinskriften är ett enkelt verktyg i samband med textbearbetning och dels för att lärarens fokus läggs mer på innehållet än formalia. Resultatet visar även vikten av att bevara handskriften då flera sinnen används vilket underlättar för skrivinlärningen. Lärarna arbetar med skrivinlärning på olika sätt. Några lärare använder en eller flera kända metoder, medan andra har sitt eget sätt att arbeta med skrivinlärning. / The purpose of this study is to find out how teachers in primary schools percieve the digitizied writing development in school and how they teach pupils to write. Our society has been digitized and naturally so has the school. Computers and tablets are a common equipment in schools, even though acess to these tools differs in Swedish schools.  The study is based on a socio-cultural and a pragmatic persepective. The study is conducted by using surveys aims at teachers working in the lower secondary school. The result of the study shows that teachers are positive to the digitized writing development. The main reasons are that the computer is a simple tool to edit texts and the teachers´ focus is mainly on the content than the formalities. The result also shows that serveral parts of the brain are being used in handwriting which simplify the writing acquisition. The teachers are working differently with writing acquisition. Some are using one or many famous methods and some has their own way to teach writing acquisition.

Ces vingt dernières années, le vin est devenu l’objet d’une pluralité de traitements éditoriaux créant une exubérance discursive sur cet univers complexe. Le numérique et les dispositifs sociaux du Web participent à cette surabondance éditoriale. Les pratiques numériques, dans l’univers professionnel du vin répondent à des ambitions stratégiques, des logiques multiples. Notre intérêt se situe du côté des blogs des producteurs de vin français. Le blog permet la création et la publication de contenus. Son projet repose sur une dynamique relationnelle d’échanges et de conversations numériques. Dans les blogs des producteurs de vin, les billets publiés renseignent sur des situations de travail en lien avec les cycles de la vigne et du vin sans aucune dynamique d’échanges et de conversations. Compte tenu des enjeux qui caractérisent la filière du vin, notre hypothèse de recherche est de considérer que les blogs des producteurs de vin français soutiennent un processus de professionnalisation. L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer comment une production éditoriale singulière, le blog a une raison d’être en dehors de tout échange ou dialogue numérique. Une part conséquente des contenus publiés concerne le récit détaillé d’activités professionnelles. Les contextes narratifs s’apparentent à l’expression d’une professionnalité. L’autre partie des publications regroupe des faits et des évaluations honorables produits par d’autres instances. Ce type de publication touche aux principes de la réputation qui est une des formes du professionnalisme. Le blog est ici au service d’un processus de reconnaissance et de légitimation sociale caractéristique de la professionnalisation. / For the last twenty years, wine has been dealt with in various editorial ways creating therefore a discursive exuberance about this complex topic. Digital and social technologies available on the Internet contribute to this editorial overabundance. Digital experiences in professional wine field respond to strategic ambitions, to multiple logics. French wine makers’ blogs aroused interest. A blog enables people to create and publish contents. Its project is based on an interpersonal exchange dynamic and digital talks. On French wine makers’ blogs, published posts give information about work situations linked with both vine and wine cycles without any exchange dynamic and digital talk. Considering the typical stakes of the wine industry, we assume here that French wine makers’ blogs are supporting a professionalization process. This research aims to show how a unique editorial production – blogs – is meant to be without being involved in any digital exchange or dialogue. A substantial part of the published contents is about detailed storytelling regarding professional activities. Narrative contexts relate to the expression of professionality (all necessary professional skills) . The other posts gather some honourable facts and evaluations produced by other authorities. This kind of posts is linked with reputation principles which are one of the many forms of professionalism. Blogs are here helping a recognition and social legitimisation process that is typical for professionalization.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / Trellis-Coded Modulation (TCM) is employed with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to provide error correction coding with no expense in bandwidth. There are two common implementations of TCM, namely pragmatic TCM and Ungerboeck TCM. Both schemes employ Viterbi algorithms for decoding but have different code construction. This thesis investigates and compares the performance of pragmatic TCM and Ungerboeck TCM by implementing the Viterbi decoding algorithm for both schemes with 16-QAM and 64-QAM. Both pragmatic and Ungerboeck TCM with six memory elements are considered. Simulations were carried out for both pragmatic and Ungerboeck TCM to evaluate their respective performance. The simulations were done using Matlab software, and an additive white Gaussian noise channel was assumed. The objective was to ascertain that pragmatic TCM, with its reduced-complexity decoding, is more suitable to adaptive modulation than Ungerboeck TCM. / Civilian