Sustainable urbanization is crucial for the Agenda 2030. The purpose of this study is to provide insights into how organizational structures of public institutions can be optimized for sustainable urban development.  This study utilizes an explorative research design. A cross-case analysis had been chosen to investigate cross-sector collaboration for environmentally sustainable urban development by studying two areas in Malmö: Västra Hamnen and Sege Park. Cross-sector Collaboration and Community Governance theories are selected as a foundation of the study. Empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with municipality representatives, residents, representatives of the third organizations, and external experts in sustainable urban development. Thematic coding was used to identify patterns in the interviews, and was followed by the empirical analysis.  The present study uncovered key findings related to public governance, sustainability evaluation, cross-sector collaboration and communication in complex sustainable development projects. The findings indicate that balancing stakeholder interests with project’s requirements and embodying the responsibilities of each actor in formal agreements followed by interim follow-ups are vital for successful cross-sector collaboration in sustainable development. Another finding suggests that sustainability should be a central element in a municipality's strategy, as politics and power dynamics play a significant role. In the studied cases the use of climate-friendly materials in construction fell short due to industry lobbying and the lack of national regulations. Finally, the research reveals contradictions between environmental and economic sustainability, as well as environmental and social sustainability. These contradictions, though, are arguably solvable with proper project management and cross-sector communication. Overall, there is room for improvement in recognizing the need for socially just and inclusive development that prioritizes the desires and well-being of the people. These findings shed light on the complex nature of sustainable urban development and emphasize the importance of aligning diverse interests to achieve long-term environmental and social goals.

Huvudtitel: Bankernas digitala utveckling av kreditgivningsprocessen Undertitel: En kvalitativ studie om svenska bankers likheter och skillnader vid kreditgivningsprocessen till företagskunder samt privatkunder i förhållande till digitaliseringen Ämne: Självständigt uppsatsarbete inom företagsekonomi – FÖ8015, 15 hp. Författare: Ali Mourad och Samer Salman Nyckelord: Kreditgivningsprocess, digitalisering, privatsidan, företagssidan, risker, kundnöjdhet, kreditbedömning, relations- och transaktionsbaserad kreditgivning. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva samt analysera vilka likheter och skillnader som förekommer vid svenska bankers kreditgivning till företagskunder och privatkunder i takt med den ökade digitaliseringen. Studien syftar även till att framföra teoretiska implikationer för att utveckla redan befintliga teorier och modeller. Metod: Studien genomförs med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod och en abduktiv ansats, samt genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med privat- och företagshandläggare från fyra olika svenska banker. Teori: Den teoretiska referensramen är uppbyggd på källor som behandlar ämnet digitalisering och kreditgivningsprocess från olika perspektiv. Dessa har använts som bas vid upprättandet av arbetets operationaliseringsschema som intervjufrågorna utgått från. Kapitlet avslutas med en analysmodell som lyfter fram de olika teorierna samt visualiserar från vilka perspektiv som studiens analys kommer att förhålla sig till. Empiri: Studien består av intervjuer med åtta handläggare från fyra olika svenska banker. Varje bank representeras av en privatrådgivare samt en företagsrådgivare vars uppgift är att förmedla hur respektive banksektor arbetar med den digitaliserade kreditgivningsprocessen. Urvalet av banker baserar sig på att kreditgivningsprocessen ska ha bedrivits innan samt under digitaliseringen hos respektive bank, för att ett bredare perspektiv ska kunna framföras av hur ändringen har tagit form. Slutsats: I takt med att digitaliseringen införts i banksektorn, strävar bankerna efter att digitalisera kreditgivningsprocessen både för lån till privatkunder och lån till företagskunder. Detta ska kunna bidra med en ökad effektivitet i arbetssättet för bankerna, men även en bekvämare upplevelse, av den annars långa processen för kunderna. Trots denna strävan är det viktigt att inte glömma vilken betydelse de fysiska mötena har i processen. Genom dessa kan bankerna genomföra både relations- och transaktionsbaserad kreditgivning samt säkerställa att rätt information om varje specifik kund samlas in för att undvika olika typer av principal- och agentproblem. Digitaliseringen kommer att bidra med mycket förbättringar av kreditgivningsprocessen för båda parter, däremot är det viktigt att beakta att en fysisk handläggares roll och det mänskliga tankesättet inte kan tillämpas i ett programmerat system. / Main title: Banks' digital development in the lending process Subtitle: A qualitative study on Swedish banks' similarities and differences in the lending process to business customers and private customers in relation to digitization Subject: Självständigt uppsatsarbete inom företagsekonomi – FÖ8015, 15 hp. Authors: Ali Mourad och Samer Salman Keywords: Lending process, digitization, private sector, corporate sector, risks, customer satisfaction, credit assessment, relationship-based and transaction-based lending. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the similarities and differences that occur in Swedish banks to corporate customers and private customers as a result of the increased digitization. The study also aims to present theoretical implications for developing existing theories and models. Method: The study is conducted using a qualitative method and an abductive approach, as well as through semi-structured interviews with private and corporate advisors from four different Swedish banks. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework is built upon sources that address the subject of digitization and the credit granting process from various perspectives. The sesources have been used as a basis in the construction of the operationalization scheme for the study, from which the interview questions were based. The chapter concludes with an analysis model that highlights the different theories and visualizes the perspectives from which the study's analysis will be approached. Empirical: The study consists of interviews with eight advisors from four different Swedish banks. Each bank is represented by a private advisor and a corporate advisor whose task is to convey how their respective banking sector works with the digitized credit granting process. The selection of banks is based on the criteria that the credit granting process has been conducted both before and during the digitization period at each bank, in order to present a broader perspective on how the change has taken shape. Conclusion: As digitalization has been introduced in the banking sector, banks are striving to digitize the credit granting process for both loans to personal customers and loans to business customers. This is expected to bring increased efficiency to the banks' workflow and provide customers with a more convenient experience, considering the otherwise lengthy process. Despite banks' desire, it is important not to forget the significance of physical meetings in the process. Through these meetings, banks can conduct both relationship-based and transaction-based credit approvals and ensure that the correct information about each specific customer is gathered to avoid various types of principal-agent problems. Digitalization will contribute with many improvements to the credit granting process for both parties; however, it is important to consider that a physical advisor’s role and human mindset cannot be applied to a programmed system.

Informationssystem har kommit att ta allt större plats inom HR. Parallellt med detta ämnar HR till att arbeta mer strategiskt, någonting som i studien refereras till som HRs strategiska transformation. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för vilken roll HRIS spelar i denna strategiska transformation av HR, samt att undersöka hur denna relaterar till funktionens värdeskapande för organisationen. De två forskningsfrågorna lyder: På vilka sätt möjliggör HRIS strategisk transformation av HR? Samt hur kan användningen av HRIS kopplas till värdeskapande? Detta är en kvalitativ, tolkande fallstudie som innefattar åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer samt en dokumentstudie av organisationsdokument. Intervjuerna analyseras genom en tematisk analys. Respondenter i fallorganisationen vittnar om en stark ambition att använda HRIS strategiskt för exempelvis beslutsfattande som kan baseras på data som genererats av systemen. Men hittills används HRIS i fallorganisationen främst för automatisering och effektivisering av HR-processer samt för lagring av masterdata. Slutsatser som dras är att användningen av HRIS frigör tid genom att automatisera diverse HR-processer såsom löneutbetalningar, rekrytering, ärendehantering och prestationsuppföljning. Användningen av systemen blir i sig värdeskapande eftersom den frigjorda tiden kan användas till att bli en mer strategisk del av organisationen genom till exempel datagenerering inför beslutsfattande, samt att processer kan standardiseras vilket är av högt värde i en global miljö där processer inte längre blir bundna till tid och rum. Den grad som HRIS möjliggör för en strategisk transformation av HR påverkas av utmaningar rörande datakvalitet, integrationer och förändringsledning. Studien genererar värdekunskap samt förklarande kunskap om ämnet och kan ge både forskare och praktiker ,såväl som den nyfikne insikter kring HRIS nuvarande och framtida roll i organisationen i relation till HRs förmåga att ägna sig åt värdeskapande. / Information systems have come to claim an increasingly large role in the HR-function. In parallel to this, there is an increasingly large focus of the HR-function to be used more strategically, a phenomenon that we call the strategic transformation of HR. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of what role HRIS plays in this strategic transformation of the HR-function, and how it relates to the HR-functions’ value creation for the organization. The two research questions of the study are: In what ways are HRIS facilitating the strategic transformation of the HR-function? and How can the use of HRIS be connected to value creation? This is a qualitative interpretive case study that includes eight semi-structured interviews, and a document study of organizational documents. The interviews are analyzed by thematic analysis. Respondents of the study report a strong ambition to use HRIS strategically, for tasks like decision-making that can be based on the data generated by the systems. Hitherto, the HRIS have however mostly been used for automation and streamlining of HR-processes and storage of master data. We conclude that the usage of HRIS for automation of various HR-processes like salary, recruitment, administration and performance management saves time for the function. The use of the systems in itself becomes value-creating since the freed up time can be utilized to become a more strategic part of the organization through, for example, data generation before decision-making. It also allows for processes to be standardized, which is of high value in a global environment where processes are no longer tied to time and space. The degree to which HRIS enables a strategic transformation of the HR-function is affected by challenges concerning data quality, integrations and change management. The study generates value knowledge and explanatory knowledge about the subject and can provide both researchers and practitioners, as well as the curious, insights about HRIS’ current and future role in the organization in relation to the HR-function's ability to engage in value creation.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study questions if the advocacy efforts of community based organizations, like community development corporations, voluntary member associations, and community action agencies, can achieve policy development. Policy development is defined as the proposal of a policy by a community based organization. That policy proposal receives the attention of local decision makers for consideration. This study uses the stages of the policy process to assess what coordinated activities are most effective to achieve policy development. It was concluded that community based organizations can achieve policy development, if they identify an issue or problem, conduct some level of strategic planning, create a policy agenda, and seek access to decision makers. In all three case analyses, the hybrid organization, community action agency, and the voluntary member association were able to achieve policy development. This research does not focus on policy impact or evaluation. The goal was to ascertain how effective an organization can be at proposing a solution and receiving the attention of local decision makers. This research explores how organizational development can become the foundation for advocating for issues and achieve policy development. Community based organizations are not only government funded service providers, but also community collaborators and educators who stimulate citizen participation and increase public awareness about social issues. Their role as autonomous service providers puts them in a conundrum because of their funding streams. Since the 1950s, researchers have explored the roles and responsibilities of government-funded service providers. This study provides an overview of the roles of community based organizations and activities that define their political participation. It explores how these organizations mitigate issues to ensure overall community success.

I uppsatsarbetet analyseras Malmö kommuns digitaliseringsarbete och digitala mognadsgrad utifrån medarbetarperspektivet. Det är viktigt för alla offentliga verksamheter inklusive kommuneratt identifiera var den befinner sig i sin digitala utveckling i förhållande till de kraven som ställsav staten och samhället. I uppsatsen besvaras det tre huvudfrågor som belyser vilka insatser somkommunen har gjort under de senaste åren för att utveckla digitaliseringen, hur medarbetare serpå digitaliseringsprocessen, vilka hinder de identifierar i den digitala utvecklingen samt vilkainsatser som kan göras i kommunen för att gynna digital transformation. Målet med studien äratt belysa vilka faktorer gynnar gentemot hindrar kommunens arbete med digitaliseringsmålenför att höja den digitala mognadsgraden. Det kan finnas ett stort glapp mellan hur arbetet medde utsatta målen ses av dem som utvecklar strategier och dem som faktiskt påverkas av det. Därföranalyseras i denna studie de olika arbetsgrupper genom att genomföra kvalitativ och kvantitativundersökning för att se på olika perspektiv och därmed identifiera de kritiska element som potentiellt påverkar glappet. Vår forskning bidrar med mer kunskap om kommunalt digitaliseringsarbete och verksamhetsutveckling samt kunskap om de faktorer som påverkar den digitala utvecklingen negativt. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze Malmö municipality's digitization and the degree of digitalmaturity from the employee perspective. It is important for all public organizations, includingmunicipalities, to identify the degree of digital development in relation to the requirements set bythe state and society. In the essay, three main questions are answered to shed light on what effortsthe municipality has made in recent years to improve digitization, how the employees view thedigital maturity of the organization, what obstacles they identify in the digital development andwhat efforts can be made in the municipality to benefit digital transformation. As a result, wetried to understand which factors benefit and hinder the municipality in its work with digitizationgoals to increase the degree of digital maturity. There can be a big gap between how the workwith the set goals is perceived by those who develop strategies and those who actually are affectedby it. Therefore, in this study we analyzed different groups of employees by conducting qualitativeand quantitative research in order to analyze different perspectives on the problem and therebyidentify the critical elements that potentially affect the gap.

[pt] Este estudo demonstra, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, a precarização do trabalho terceirizado de limpeza no âmbito do Estado e na catedral das mercadorias, através da investigação das formas de exploração, dominação e opressão e as suas consequências sobre as condições de saúde, trabalho e vida de trabalhadores(as) terceirizados(as). A pesquisa se deu no sentido de analisar, a partir de um prisma sociológico, um fenômeno que é rico em determinações, sejam elas econômicas, políticas ou mesmo ideológicas. Assim, dois grupos foram abordados mais diretamente: os(as) trabalhadores(as) terceirizados(as) de limpeza em um shopping center (denominado Triple A) e as trabalhadoras da limpeza de um órgão público do setor judiciário da cidade de São Paulo. Faz-se a crítica ao princípio da política neoliberal e ao avanço da ideologia neofascista do atual governo, que ganha destaque, pois tem se concretizado na desregulamentação dos direitos conquistados pelos trabalhadores no processo histórico, e a terceirização merece especial atenção no cenário atual, onde a sua regulamentação, pela Lei nº 13.429/2017, e, também, a reforma trabalhista, que foram aprovadas com o intuito de precarizar ainda mais as condições de vida e de trabalho no país. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a forma de contratação do trabalho terceirizado encobre o caráter subordinado do trabalho aos setores dinâmicos da economia e, consequentemente, ao processo de acumulação capitalista. A falta de um contrato direto de trabalho, ou de um contrato que proteja o(a) trabalhador(a), é considerada uma afronta à cidadania social. Assim, o(a) trabalhador(a) terceirizado(a) deixa de ser visto como cidadão ou como sujeito de direitos. No processo de pesquisa procurou-se conhecer as experiências dos(as) trabalhadores(as), buscando examinar a possível invisibilidade e sofrimento causados pelas condições de trabalho a que estão submetidos. Partiu-se da compreensão da realidade como um campo infinito de inter-relações permeadas por objetividades e subjetividades, visto que abarca relações entre sujeitos e objetos exteriores, entre sujeitos e outros sujeitos, e relações do sujeito consigo mesmo, ou seja, as relações de trabalho estabelecidas. Foi possível conhecer e refletir sobre a realidade e as condições de trabalho dos(as) trabalhadores(as) terceirizados que se ocupam da limpeza por intermédio de entrevistas e observações realizadas nos campos empíricos da pesquisa. A Internet também foi utilizada como meio de obter acesso a depoimentos de trabalhadores(as) das empresas Passando a Limpo e Maquiagem (nome fictício das empresas que prestam serviços para o Shopping Triple A e para o órgão público do judiciário), através das suas páginas no Facebook. Além disso, foram realizados revisão e aprofundamento da pesquisa bibliográfica iniciada no projeto de pesquisa. A partir dos dados coletados e analisados, é possível afirmar que as condições e relações de trabalho dos(as) trabalhadores(as) da limpeza nos setores público e privado, resguardadas suas particularidades, são marcadas por invisibilidade e sofrimento. Observa-se, também, que a desumanização inerente ao processo capitalista reveste de pompa e brilho os shoppings centers e os locais de grande circulação de pessoas, como um órgão público do Judiciário, à custa do trabalho precário do(as)s terceirizados(as). / [en] The current study shows, from a qualitative approach, the precariousness of the outsourced cleaning labor in the State scope and in the cathedral of goods, through labor exploitation investigation, domination and oppression and its consequences on heath conditions, labor and outsourced workers life. From a sociologic point, this research took place to analyze a phenomenon rich in determinations, being this economic, political, or even ideological. Thus, two different groups were directly approached: the cleaning outsourced staff from a shopping center (called Triple A) and cleaning staff from an judiciary public body in the city of São Paulo. It is done a criticism to the principle of the neoliberal political and to the progress of the current government Neo-fascist ideology, which is highlighted, since it has concretized the deregulation of the achieved rights by the workers in the historic process, and the outsourcing deserved special attention in the current scenario, where its regulation, by the Law nº 13.429/2017, and also by a labor reform, that were approved with the intention of jeopardizing even more the life and work conditions in the country. From an assumption that the outsourced work hiring way underlie the subordinate character of the labor to the dynamic departments of economy and, therefore, to the process of capitalism accumulation. The lack of a direct employment contract or of an agreement that protects the worker is considered an insult to the social citizenship. Hence, the outsourced worker is not seeing as a citizen or as a subject that has its rights. In the process of this research, it was sought to know the workers experience in order to evaluate the invisibility and suffering induced by the working conditions that they are submitted. Starting with the reality comprehension as an infinite field of interrelations permeated by objectivities and subjectivities, which embraces relationships between subject and external object, subject and others subjects, and also the relationship with themselves, that is, the established working relationships. It was possible to understand and reflect the reality and the living conditions of the outsourced workers that occupy themselves from the cleaning through interviews and observations performed in the empirical research field. The internet was also used as a medium to obtain access to the testimonies from workers of the Passando a Limpo company (the fake name for the company that services for the Triple A mall) through their Facebook webpage. Moreover, it was performed a review and deepening of the bibliography investigation started in the research project. From the collected and analyzed data, it was possible to state that the working conditions, from the public and private sectors, and relationships of the workers are marked by an invisibility and hardship. It was also observed that the dehumanization inherent to the capitalist process bleeds with sophistication and splendors the malls at the expense of hard work of the outsourced workers.

Motivation har beskrivits som en viktig faktor för välbefinnande och prestation i arbetet. Därmed har det för arbetsgivare blivit allt högre prioriterat att beakta och synliggöra det som motiverar anställda att arbeta. Tidigare forskning har indikerat att det finns skillnader i arbetsmotivation beroende på kön samt vilken arbetsmarknadssektor individen valt att arbeta inom. Syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka om det fanns skillnad i inre och yttre arbetsmotivation mellan män och kvinnor samt mellan anställda inom privat och offentlig sektor. Baserat på tidigare forskning formulerades fyra hypoteser som föreslog att det fanns skillnader sett till inre och yttre arbetsmotivation kopplat till både respektive sektor och kön. Data samlades in för 130 individer genom självskattningsformuläret Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) i syfte att undersöka arbetsmotivation. Tvåvägs-ANOVA användes för att undersöka inre arbetsmotivation (W-SDM) och yttre arbetsmotivation (W-NSDM). Utifrån resultaten gick inga signifikanta huvudeffekter att utläsa och därmed drogs slutsatsen att forskningshypoteserna inte gick att verifiera. Därför kan det finnas andra faktorer som påverkar hur individen upplever inre och yttre arbetsmotivation. / Motivation has been described as an important factor for well-being and performance at work. Consequently, employers increasingly prioritize understanding and acknowledging the factors that drive employees to work. Previous research indicates variations in work motivation based on gender and the chosen labor market sector. This study aimed to explore differences in work motivation between employees in the private and public sector and between men and women. Based on previous research, four hypotheses were formulated and suggested that there were differences in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation linked to both the respective sector and gender. Data were collected for 130 individuals through the self-report questionnaire Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) to assess work motivation. Two-way ANOVA was employed to examine intrinsic work motivation (W-SDM) and extrinsic work motivation (W-NSDM). Based on the results, no significant main effects could be found and therefore it was concluded that the research hypotheses could not be confirmed. Hence, there may be other factors influencing how individuals perceive both intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation.

This research report captures a detailed exposition of an investigation on Knowledge Management (KM) practices in public and private sector entities in three industries (health, education and business loans) of Limpopo province – a proxy of the rural areas of South Africa. The investigation was necessitated by a need to understand KM in organisational context experiencing constraints in terms of resources that enable KM. It was found through an intensive literature review that there were very few empirical studies on KM practices of organisations operating in the rural areas, particularly in Africa. The theoretical framework of the study emanates from the knowledge-based view which has been popularised by the seminal work of Peter Drucker and Nonaka in the early half of the 90s. The knowledge-based view as presented in chapter 2 recognises the strategic role of knowledge in organisations. Its genesis is traced from the theories of classical scholars such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Various empirical studies of entities which have adopted the knowledge-based view are presented in chapter 2 of this report. The researcher observes from an intensive KM literature study that the average modern organisation could be categorised as knowledge-intensive considering that knowledge workers constitute the majority of its workforce. The definitions of a knowledge-based organisation and knowledge workers are presented in the operational definitions of key concepts. Arising from the identified gaps in KM literature as presented towards the end of chapter 2, this study was conducted as a comparative study between public and private sector entities in three research industries focusing on their extent of ICT application and degree of knowledge-oriented social factors for information and knowledge sharing. The investigation was guided by three research objectives as discussed in chapter 1 of this research report. The main purpose of the study was to answer two fundamental research questions as reflected in chapter 1. In answering the two research questions, the researcher identified four research hypotheses in line with the findings established from KM literature. These hypotheses are discussed in chapter 2 of this report.The underlying hypothesised statement guiding the study was to determine whether there were any significant differences in KM implementation between public and private sector entities in the three research industries in terms of four research constructs. These are: application of ICTs for knowledge and information sharing, degree of achievement of knowledge-based outcomes, tacit knowledge acquisition and the degree of knowledge-oriented social factors. Organisational culture, organisational structures, human resource practices and leadership comprised the social factors tested in the study. The research data were collected through a mixed research design approach combining the advantages of a survey instrument and interviews (this is fully reflected in chapter 3 of this research report). The research results (as presented in chapter 4) pointed to some form of significant differences in KM implementation between public and private sector entities in the education and business loans industry, but there were no significant differences in KM implementation between public and private sector entities in the health industry. Arising from the findings of the study, a model for improved KM implementation is presented in chapter 4 (figure 4.16). It was found during the investigation that all the research entities approached KM implicitly through KM related practices. KM related practices were found to be far more entrenched in the health industry (both public and private sector entities), the private sector entities in the education and business loans industries than was the case with the public sector entities in the education and business loans industries. In the entities where KM related practices were found to be entrenched, there were concerted efforts towards improved organisational processes. The study has managed to unravel the importance of KM related practices in laying the foundation for a formalised KM approach. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / D.B.L.

Questionnaires translated into Shona / Mineral extraction is one of the key drivers of Africa’s economies and is also one of the largest industries in the world. In many African countries, including Zimbabwe, mining contributes to profound parts of the economy and remain the engine for economic growth. In recent years, and following the continual exploitation of minerals, mining companies have been scrutinized as a major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems faced mainly by communities at the margins. In this regard, mining companies are widely perceived to be prospering at the expense of adjacent communities, who are the primary recipients of the externalities, mainly negative, from mining operations. Due to incongruent stakeholder interests conflicts have erupted given the peculiar case of the extractive industries in Zimbabwe. Having realised the differences among stakeholder interests over minerals, in the extractive industry the study sought to answer this question: how is CCE understood by different stakeholders? And how is CCE measured by the same stakeholders?. The focus of the study is to evaluate the meaning of CCE from multiple stakeholders in the extractive industry in Zimbabwe; and to analyse how CCE is measured by identified stakeholders. In order to satisfy the stated objectives, the study employed mixed research method. This study revealed similarity in understanding of CCE and its usefulness amongst the different stakeholder groups. Of cognitive importance is the realisation by stakeholders on the need for proactive communities and corporate investment into community for effective partnerships. Collaboration, empowerment, inclusion, trust and organisation emerged to be the major facilitators for CCE. The study presents operative CCE according to the obligations and expectations of stakeholders. Having realised that mining industries are particularly susceptible to conflict between stakeholders, the study suggests proactive desire to mitigate these conflicts through CCE in the mining industry. In this respect, community development, peace and stability and strong economy are the major outcomes of effective CCE. The study recommends participation of resource owners in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluation as well as dividends sharing of mining projects as advocated for by the CCE Model. It is also recommended that the adoption of the CCE Model will ensure a sustainable and harmonious coexistence between the predominantly capitalistic mining concerns and the resource owners and solve part of the current impasse to business and community development. / Business Management / D.B.L.

En s’inspirant de l’exemple des défis corporatifs, c’est-à-dire, des initiatives déployées par les sociétés pour rendre le marché de l’emploi plus accessible aux membres de groupes perçus comme marginalisés, ce mémoire cherche à analyser le conflit qui pourrait surgir au Québec entre le droit à la vie privé, protégé notamment par la Loi sur la protection des renseignements personnels dans le secteur privé et la Loi sur la protection des renseignements personnels et des documents électroniques et le besoin croissant de l’entreprise d’utiliser les données privées de leurs employés pour vendre leurs biens et services. Dans un premier temps, ce mémoire effectue un survol des régimes de protection de la vie privée des pays qui ont le plus influencé le droit québécois et canadien soit l’Europe, les États-Unis et le Royaume Uni en soulignant leur influence sur le régime en vigueur au Québec. Dans un second temps, il soulève les entraves que posent la LPRPS et la LPRPDE à la participation de l’entreprise aux défis corporatifs. Dans un troisième temps, il explore des pistes possibles à la fois interprétatives, législatives et contentieuses afin de rendre ces lois plus accommodantes aux besoins de l’entreprise. / This essay uses the example of Industry Challenges - a technique deployed by companies to promote the hiring and advancement of certain members of society - to explore a conflict that could arise in Quebec between the individual’s right to privacy as protected by An Act Respecting the Protection of Personal Information In the Private Sector and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act , and that of an organisation to use personal information relating to its workforce to market itself. It briefly reviews privacy protection in jurisdictions with the greatest legal influence on Quebec and Canada: the European Union, the United States and the United Kingdom (Chapter 2). It demonstrates how a blend of these influences is reflected in the Quebec and Canadian approaches to privacy and how existing privacy legislation might prevent a company from effectively and efficiently responding to Industry Challenges (Chapter 3). Finally, the last two chapters respectively explore the interpretive and legislative amendments that could be made to PPIPS and PIPEDA to enable companies to respond to Industry Challenges (Chapter 4) as well as the possible legal action a company could take on the ground that Quebec’s privacy legislation violates its right to express itself commercially under s. 2(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Chapter 5).