After the ISO9000 series of quality management standards was released by the International Organization of Standard, certificate of ISO9001¡G1994 was deemed by enterprises as a guarantee for performance improvement. Ironically, not until recently is the implementation of ISO9001: 2000 substantially depreciated and suspected as an obstacle to efficient operation. Since the certificate of ISO9001 still represents the passport to be a candidate in international trade, enterprises bear to implement ISO9001 even under the circumstance that they do not understand the value of ISO9001. This not only violates the basic requirements of ISO9001: 2000 but also leads to employee¡¦s careless attitude about the practice. The prevalence of different evaluation tools such as Key Performance Index (KPI), Management By Objectives (MBO) and etc. tells the story that enterprise nowadays puts performance before anything. However, most enterprises fail to integrate the similar concepts behind evaluation indexes and ISO like quality goal, quality review, human resource, and process management and treat each index as an independent system. This has caused enterprises serious waste and cost. Also, there is always lacked an objective evaluation method between human resource development and performance management. Enterprise performance management system is often criticized for its isolation from the real competitive environment and helplessness in staff encouragement or efficiency improvement. The fact that the current quality system and performance management system cannot reflect customer¡¦s voice, the main source of profit improvement, undermines the benefits of system implementation and is against the expectation of persistent development. Through in-depth interview, this study specifies how enterprises in LCD industry implement performance evaluation and ISO9001: 2000 and clarify the correlation between these internal systems and the disconnection occurred. Based on bibliography and theory study, then conduct to an integrated operation system that has two major parts, including mixed-construction and process management. The process oriented management flow could easy to connect the performance evaluation gap between enterprise and customer concern. The mixed-construction could meet the performance evaluation request of LCD industry which is customers¡¦ satisfaction¡Bspeed and competence. Through this kind of operation system, enterprise could easy to put customer concern in the enterprise internal system and also could achieve a closed loop of continuous improvement. That is also called as system synergy. In enterprises operation, cost reduction stands as important as profit seeking. The concept of integration of performance management system and ISO9001¡G2000 quality management system indicated in this research provides a way to meet the targets of performance and cost while promoting employee satisfaction, enterprise competitiveness and customer satisfaction.

Concurrency is generally considered to be difficult due to a lack of appropriate abstraction, rather than inherent complexity. Lock-based approaches to mutual exclusion are pervasive, despite the presence of models that are easier to understand, such as the message-passing model present in CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes). CSP provides a rich framework for building and reasoning about concurrent systems, but has historically required a change of programming language or paradigm in order to work with it. The Go programming language is a modern, imperative programming language that includes native support for processes and channels. The popularity of this language has grown and more and more people are being exposed to the fundamental ideas of CSP. There is a gap in the understanding of how a restrictive formal model can interact with and support the development of concurrent programs in a language such as Go. Through a series of case studies and analysis, we show how the CSP concurrency model can be used as the basis for the design of a concurrent system architecture without requiring the program to be written entirely as the composition of processes. It is also possible to use the CSP process algebra to build abstract models and use model-checking tools to verify properties of a concurrent system. These models can then be used to guide the decomposition of a system into a more fine-grained concurrent system. This thesis bridges the gap between the development of CSP-style concurrent software and the formal model of CSP. In particular, it shows how it is not necessary for a program or programming language to conform to rigid structure in order for CSP to be a useful tool for the development of reliable and easy to understand concurrent systems.

Abstract This study deals with the grammar sections in one older and one newer textbook series for Swedish in grades 7–9. The questions for the study are: firstly, the scope of the teaching materials, the content and the number of exercises, and secondly if the content presentation can be classified as deductive or inductive, and if the design of exercises is mainly product or process-oriented. Furthermore the relationship between the goals of the national curriculum and progression in grades 7–9 is investigated. The method chosen for this study is a text analysis. The results show that both textbook series contain similar content for word classes, that the material presentation is predominantly deductive and that most exercises are product-oriented. Differences that can be seen are that the older teaching series contain more pages devoted to word classes and parts of speech and more exercises. Furthermore, the older textbooks series show a clearer progression to the curriculum goals. The conclusions are that the two teaching materials have difficulties to deviate from the focus on grammatical terminology, but also to link grammar to students' own writing.

Titel: Ett akut förbättringsarbete - En utvärderingsstudie av förändringsprocessen Akuten till Primärvården i Region Jönköpings län Kurs: Kandidatuppsats Civilekonomprogrammet, Controller 15 hp (2FE24E) Lärosäte: Linnéuniversitetet Växjö Författare: Cajsa Gollwitzer, Madeleine Hentzel & Klara Olsson Handledare: Pia Nylinder Examinator: Elin Funck Bakgrund: Dagens hälso- och sjukvård står inför en rad olika utmaningar, där den största utmaningen är den långsiktiga finansieringen. Ett stort problem som återfinns i dagens hälso- och sjukvård är att befolkningen i alltför hög utsträckning söker fel vårdnivå och akutmottagningarna överbelastas med patienter utan akuta besvär. Det är ett problem som inte är långsiktigt hållbart i Sverige då sjukhusens akutsjukvård är betydligt dyrare än primärvård. I Region Jönköpings län startade 2016 en förändringsprocess för att lösa problemet genom att omfördela patientströmmar från akutmottagningen till primärvården. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att genomföra en processinriktad utvärdering av förändringsprocessen för delprojektet Akuten till primärvården. Genom att kartlägga arbetssättet ska vi identifiera styrkor och svagheter som sedan ska ligga till grund för att utforma förbättringsförslag på hur förändringsprocessen kan utvecklas för att uppnå målsättningen. Metod: Forskningen grundar sig i en kvalitativ enfallsstudie med inriktning på utvärderingsstudie. Semistrukturerade intervjuer tillsammans med insamlade dokument har legat till grund för det empiriska materialet. Slutsats: Förändringsprocessen för delprojektet Akuten till primärvården är uppdelad i tre delar; planering, genomförande och uppföljning. En utsedd projektgrupp arbetar med förändringsarbetet med hjälp av olika verktyg. För att utveckla förändringsarbetet måste projektgruppen utforma ett standardiserat arbetssätt som är accepterat av samtliga enheter som medverkar i processen. Rekommendationer för ett bättre förändringsarbete är att införa fler kommunikationskanaler, erbjuda utökat stöd samt öka kunskapen hos de som arbetar inom processen. Marknadsföring av primärvårdens kompetenser kan medföra en effektivare fördelning av patienströmmarna. / Title: An emergency improvement - An evaluation study of the improvement process ER to primary care in Region Jönköping County Course: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration, Controller 15 hp (2FE24E) Institution: Linnaeus University Växjö Authors: Cajsa Gollwitzer, Madeleine Hentzel & Klara Olsson Tutor: Pia Nylinder Examiner: Elin Funck Context: Today's healthcare is facing a lot of challenges where the biggest challenge is the issue of the long term funding. A big problem with the system today is that many non-acute patients are looking for help in the emergency rooms instead of getting proper help at the primary care. This does not benefit the financial state for Swedish hospitals where emergency care is significantly more expensive than primary care. In 2016, Region Jönköping took an initiative to improve the process by redistributing the non-acute patients from the emergency room back to primary care. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to implement a process-based evaluation of the improvement process ER to primary care. By charting their work, we will try to identify the strengths and weaknesses to provide suggestions of improvements in order to achieve the objectives of the project. Method: The research is based on a qualitative single case study focusing on evaluation studies. Empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and documents. Conclusion: The improvement process ER to primary care is divided into three steps; planning, implementation and monitoring. A chosen team for the project use various tools in the work for improvement. In order to develop and improve this process, the project team has to design a standardized approach that is accepted by all the entities involved in it. Recommendations for such an improved process is to introduce multiple communication channels, provide increased support and expand the knowledge of those working in the process. By marketing the competence within the primary care, the distribution of the patients can get more efficient.

The study aims to investigate the fundamental validity issues that can affect the DR Congo English state examination, a national exit test administered to high school final year students for certification. The study aspires to generate an understanding of the potential issues that affect the construct validity of a test within the epistemological stance that supports a strong relationship between test construct and test context. The study draws its theoretical underpinning from three theories: the validity theory that provides a theoretical ground necessary for understanding the quality of tests needed for assessing students’ reading abilities / the construction-integration theory that provides an understanding of how texts used in reading assessments are processed and understood by the examinees / and the strategic competence theory that explains how examinees deploy strategies to complete test tasks, and the extent to which these strategies tap into the reading construct. Furthermore, the study proposes a reading model that signposts the social context of testing / therefore, conceptualizing reading as both a cognitive and a social process. As research design, the study adopts an exploratory design using both qualitative and quantitative data. Besides, the study uses protocol analysis and content analysis methodologies. While the former provides an understanding of the cognitive processes that mediate the reading construct and test performance so as to explore the different strategies examinees use to answer the English state examination (henceforth termed ESE) test questions, the latter examines the content of the different ESE papers so as to identify the different textual and item features that potentially impact on examinees’ performance on the ESE tasks. As instruments, the study uses a concurrent strategies questionnaire administered to 496 student-participants, a contextual questionnaire administered to 26 student-participants, a contextual questionnaire administered to 27 teacher-articipants, and eight tests administered to 496 student-participants. The findings indicate that, the ESE appears to be less appropriate to the ESE context as the majority of ESE test items target careful reading than expeditious reading / on the one hand, and reading at global level than to reading at local level / on the other hand. The findings also indicate that the ESE tasks hardly take account of the text structure and the underlined cognitive demands appropriate to the text types. Besides, the ESE fails to include other critical aspects of the reading construct. Finally, the findings also indicate that the ESE constructors may not be capable to construct an ESE with five functioning distractors as expected. Moreover, the inclusion of the implicit option 6 overlaps with the conceptual meaning of this option. The entire process of the present study has generated some insights that can advance our understanding of the construct validity of reading tests. These insights are: (a) the concept of validity is an evolving and context-dependent concept, (b) reading construct cannot be examined outside the actual context of reading activity, (c) elimination of distractors can sometimes be a construct-relevant strategy, (d) construct underrepresentation is a context-dependent concept, and (e) a reading test cannot be valid in all contexts. The suggested proposal for the improvement of the ESE requires the Congolese government through its Department of Education to (a) always conduct validation studies to justify the use of the ESE, (b) always consider the actual context of reading activity while developing the ESE, (c) revisit the meanings and interpretations of the ESE scores, (d) ensure the appropriateness of tasks to be included in the ESE, (e) ensure the construct representativeness of the ESE tasks, (f) revisit the number of questions to be included in the ESE, (g) avoid bias in the ESE texts in order to ensure fairness, (h) diversify the genres of ESE texts, (i) ensure the coherence of ESE texts through the use of transitions and cohesive devices, (j) ensure that the order of test questions is in alignment with the order of text information, (k) revisit the structure and length of the texts to be included in the ESE, (l) revisit the number of alternatives to be included in the ESE, and (m) reconsider the use of the implicit alternative 6.

Vor allem bei der Betrachtung großer und komplexer Szenarien ist eine Kombination der Vorteile der sequentiellen und parallelen Simulationswelten wünschenswert. Derartige Szenarien lassen sich meist nur bei einer adäquaten, strukturäquivalenten Modellierung, wie in der sequentiellen Simulationswelt üblich, beherrschen. Es sind aber auch gleichzeitig genau diese Simulationsszenarien, die auch am ehesten nach einer Beschleunigung der Simulationsausführung, z.B. durch eine Parallelisierung, verlangen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Konzeption und Implementation einer optimistisch-parallelen Simulationsbibliothek in Java. Diese vereint die Vorzüge optimistisch-paralleler Simulation (automatische Ausnutzung modellinhärenter Parallelität zur Simulationsbeschleunigung) mit der des prozessorientierten Paradigmas (modellabhängig strukturäquivalente und intuitive Modellbeschreibungen). Eine Implementation des prozessorientierten Paradigmas in einer parallelen Simulation ist allerdings nicht unproblematisch. Dies gilt vor allem im Spezialfall der optimistisch-parallelen Simulation, die sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass Simulationsmodelle während eines Simulationslaufes in ungültige Zustände geraten können, was jeweils durch eine Rückkehr des Simulationsmodells in einen früheren, korrekten Zustand korrigiert wird. Ein weiteres Entwicklungsziel besteht darin, im Gegensatz zu den meisten existierenden PDES-Implementationen die interne Arbeitsweise des optimistisch-parallelen Simulationskerns so gut wie möglich zu verbergen. Stattdessen gleichen die vom Simulationskern angebotenen Schnittstellen weitestgehend denen von sequentiellen Simulationskernen. Dadurch wird die Erstellung eines passenden Simulationsmodells im Vergleich zu anderen parallelen Simulationsimplementationen deutlich erleichtert. Auch der Mehraufwand gegenüber der Erstellung von Simulationsmodellen für rein sequentielle Simulationskerne ist relativ gering. / A combination of the advantages of the sequential, as well as the parallel simulation approach is desirable, especially in the case of large and complex simulation scenarios. These are only manageable if a corresponding structurally equivalent simulation model is employed. Also, the very same models will profit most from a speed-up by parallelization. Unfortunately, the implementation of a process-oriented view in a parallel fashion is not a trivial task. Parallel simulation implementations generally suffer from additional computational cost that can offset the parallel speed-up and even lead to a diminished parallel performance, which is even more likely to happen when using process-oriented simulation models. This is especially the case in optimistic-parallel simulations. These are characterized by the ability of the model to get into invalid states which is costly being corrected at runtime by returning the model to valid former states preliminarily saved. The aim of this thesis is the design and implementation of a simulation library in Java. It combines the advantages of optimistic-parallel simulation (i.e. use of parallelism for speed-up) and the process-oriented modeling (creation of an intuitive and structurally equivalent model). Another central objective of the development is to hide the internals of the optimistic-parallel simulation kernel from the modeler, in contrast to most existing PDES implementations. Instead, the implementation is encapsulated by interfaces, which resemble those of sequential simulation kernels, reducing the additional effort needed to create a suited model. A noteworthy aspect of the implementation is the reuse of a web application framework for retroactive modification of the Java bytecode, generated by the Java compiler. This bytecode rewriting solves in an elegant way the task of realizing coroutines, which are the base for the implementation of processes as needed by process-oriented simulation models.

Denna studie undersöker vilken syn elever har på den skrivna responsen de får av svenskläraren. Responsgivandet är en stor del av lärarens arbetsuppgifter, och det är därför viktigt att veta hur eleverna mottar och förstår kommentarerna. Det är också viktigt för läraren att veta hur synen skiljer sig mellan olika elever. Studien undersöker även vilken erfarenhet elever i en klass på gymnasiet har av ett processinriktat arbetssätt. Studien har gjorts utifrån följande frågeställningar: Hur upplever elever i gymnasiet respons och kommentarer från lärare- Vad kommenteras i texterna och vad tycker eleverna om kommentarerna?- På vilket sätt tar eleverna till sig kommentarerna? Vilken erfarenhet har eleverna av ett processinriktat arbetssätt? För att svara på frågeställningarna gjordes en kvalitativ enkätundersökning, vilken gav 21 svar, och 4 kvalitativa intervjuer. Studien utfördes i årskurs ett på gymnasiet. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att elever i samma klass har olika uppfattning om responsen från läraren. Majoriteten av eleverna tycker att det är bra att få kommentarer för att kunna lära sig av sina misstag, och de upplever att det vanligaste som kommenteras är språket. Många elever sade sig ha erfarenhet av ett processinriktat arbetssätt och attityden till detta arbetssätt är positiv. Även om det finns en klar majoritet i de flesta frågorna finns det en stor spridning i klassen där olika åsikter representeras. / This study examines the views students have of the written response they get from their teacher. Giving feedback is a big part of the teacher's duties, and it is therefore important to know how students receive and understand the comments. It is also important for the teacher to know how the views differ between students. The study also examines students’ experiences of a process-oriented working method. The study was made based on the following questions: How do students in upper secondary school experience feedback and comments given by the teacher?- What is commented on in the text and what do the students think about the comments?- How do students make use of the comments? What experiences of a process-oriented working method do students have? To answer the questions a qualitative questionnaire study was carried out and four interviews were made. The questionnaire gave 21 responses. The study was performed in first grade in upper secondary school. The results of the study show that students in the same class have different perceptions of feedback given from the teacher. The majority of the students think it is good to get feedback so they can learn from their mistakes, and they also think that it is their language that is most frequently commented on. Many students said they have experience of a process-oriented working method, and the attitude to this approach is positive. Although the questions were answered with a clear majority in favour of one answer, there was a large spread in the class in which different views were represented.

The affect on leaf area index (LAI) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) (MPB) outbreak in British Columbia affecting lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests was examined from 1999 to 2008. The process-based carbon (C) cycle model – Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) with remotely sensed LAI inputs was used to produce annual NEP maps, which were validated using field measurements. The annual NEP ranged from 2.43 to -8.03 MtC between 1999 and 2008, with sink to source conversion in 2000. The inter-annual variability for both LAI and NEP displayed initial decreases followed by a steadily increasing trend from 2006 to 2008 with NEP returning to near C neutrality in 2008 (-1.84 MtC). The resistance of LAI and NEP to MPB attack was attributed to ecosystem resilience in the form of secondary overstory growth and increased production of non-attacked host trees.

The affect on leaf area index (LAI) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) (MPB) outbreak in British Columbia affecting lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests was examined from 1999 to 2008. The process-based carbon (C) cycle model – Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) with remotely sensed LAI inputs was used to produce annual NEP maps, which were validated using field measurements. The annual NEP ranged from 2.43 to -8.03 MtC between 1999 and 2008, with sink to source conversion in 2000. The inter-annual variability for both LAI and NEP displayed initial decreases followed by a steadily increasing trend from 2006 to 2008 with NEP returning to near C neutrality in 2008 (-1.84 MtC). The resistance of LAI and NEP to MPB attack was attributed to ecosystem resilience in the form of secondary overstory growth and increased production of non-attacked host trees.

Syftet med den här processorienterade studien var att undersöka hur texttypen påverkar översättningsprocessen, och närmare bestämt om olika texttyper aktualiserar olika fokus i de kognitiva processerna. Fyra deltagare fick därför översätta två olika källtexter, en operativ och en informativ. Materialet samlades in med hjälp av Think-Aloud (TA). Studien visar att de båda texterna huvudsakligen gav upphov till liknande fokus. Texttypen verkar således inte ha haft någon märkbar påverkan på översättningsprocessen i det aktuella fallet. Vad gäller deltagarnas individuella processer fokuserade flera av dem på liknande faktorer oberoende av källtexten, vilket antyder att processerna i viss utsträckning kan antas vara individuellt betingade. / The aim of the present study was to investigate whether different text types bring different focuses to the fore in the cognitive processes during translation. Four translator students were thus asked to translate one operative and one informative text while verbalizing their thoughts. The verbalizations were recorded and later transcribed into so called think-aloud protocols (TAPs). The analysis of the TAPs showed that the participants focused on similar aspects regardless of the source text, which indicates that the text type did not have any significant effect on the translation process in the study at hand.