O projeto educativo Para Viver de Bem com os Bichos PVBB tem sido aplicado junto a instituições de ensino da Cidade de São Paulo - SP, Brasil e consta de dois módulos: Posse Responsável e Fauna Sinantrópica. O presente estudo foi delineado para analisar a dinâmica deste processo educativo, avaliando o papel dos sujeitos no repasse das informações sobre animais sinantrópicos. Houve o acompanhamento do curso de formação oferecido pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses em São Paulo-SP-Brasil, com avaliação dos conteúdos apreendidos pelos multiplicadores e da ação de duas multiplicadoras, professores, alunos e responsáveis em uma unidade de ensino. Foram utilizados questionários de auto-preenchimento, com questões abertas para a análise de conteúdos que após a categorização foram submetidos ao teste de McNemar e concordância kappa. Questões semi-abertas foram utilizadas para caracterizar os grupos sociais homogêneos. A análise de correspondência foi utilizada para estabelecer relações entre respostas e grupos sociais homogêneos. Constatou-se que a implementação do PVBB contribui para a melhoria do grau de conhecimento dos multiplicadores sobre fauna sinantrópica; entretanto a participação no curso do CCZ. A participação dos multiplicadores no curso não foi suficiente para instrumentá-los para o repasse de conteúdos do projeto e de informações técnicas em sua unidade de ensino. Os professores contribuíram no repasse de informações aos alunos dentro das possibilidades que lhes foram oferecidas. Não houve impacto significativo no repasse de informações dos alunos aos seus responsáveis entretanto é interessante observar que, quando da sua existência, este repasse variou nos grupos sociais homogêneos detectados e na condição de haver oportunidade de diálogo em casa.A utilização da agregação das famílias dos sujeitos, em grupos sociais homogêneos, permitiu avaliar a inserção social dos mesmos.A análise feita com a utilização dos grupos sociais homogêneos permitiu avaliar tendências de associações diferenciadas entre os GSH e as respostas citadas pelos responsáveis. / The educative project How to live well with the animals has been applied to educational institutions in the city of São Paulo SP Brazil and has two modules: responsible pets ownership and the other synanthropic fauna. The current study was written to analyze the dynamics of the educational process, evaluating this research subjects in the role of re-passing the information about synanthropic animals. The course offered by the Municipal Center of Zoonosis Control (CCZ), in São Paulo (SP), is offered to multiplier teachers. This course was accompanied and the taught topics to the multipliers were evaluated by applying a self-filling-questionnaire, before and after the course. The teaching action on this taught topics, was accompanied in the school where two multipliers worked. The taught topics were evaluated in the same way again, but considering the teachers, who had received information from the two multipliers, and the children, who studied in the school, and these childrens parents or tutors. The self-filling-questionnaire was composed of free open answers in order to evaluate the taught topics. The topics were statistically studied by McNemar and Kappa concordance test. Another questionnaire with part-closed questions was used to study the social insertion which was studied by the Social Homogeneous Group (SHG) methodology. The correspondence analysis ANACOR-was used to study relations among the SHG and the taught points. The study indicated that PVBB project increases multipliers information about synanthropic animal, but the multiplier could not act on re-passing the information and technical taught to the teachers in the school. The participation of the multipliers in the course was not sufficient for preparing them to act in this way. According to the possibilities the teachers could re-pass part of the topics with their students. There was no sigificative impact on the students action of re-passing the information to their parents or tutors, but it was interesting to observe that the re-passing actions was different according to the homogeneous social group, and the possibility of dialogue between the child and the familiars. The use of SHG methodology could evaluate the social insertion and different association tendencies between the SHG and the answers written by the parents and tutors.

Community-based projects are established in most of the communities as a strategy to create jobs and alleviate poverty. In the area under investigation community-based projects were established by members of communities but some of them failed and others are not sustainable in economic terms. This study investigated the reasons for failure of community-based projects at Folovhodwe area. The objectives of the study were to determine the reasons for failure of community-based projects, to provide community development officials with a guideline of the role they must play in community projects and to provide strategies for the improvement and future development of community-based projects. The study was both qualitative and quantitative. Questionnaires and interviews were employed to collect information. The study revealed that lack of funds, poor project management, poor management of funds, lack of commitment and motivation, low level of education of project members, lack of youth involvement in community-based projects, lack of monitoring and evaluation by government officials and community leaders, lack of training and unavailability of workshops for project members and lack of government involvement in addressing project challenges were identified as the reasons for failure of community-based projects. / Business Management / M.Tech. (Business Administration)

As a mega-city and the most populated city in Africa, Cairo is characterised by a high birth rate, escalating rural-urban migration and where the socio-economic services are centralized and overwhelmed, these generally poor migrants have no choice other than to create and develop their own informal shelter in the outer city areas that lay farthest from the reach of the authorities and from where they then search for better job opportunities. The expansion of these slum areas places an extra burden on the already deteriorated natural and unplanned urban environments. No government or public sector mass production housing units . inherited from the former socialist system . have been able to cope with the magnitude of housing demand nor is the private sector interested in investing in a non-profitable market. At this juncture there is an urgent requirement for new ways of thinking that address the realities of the situation and consider integrated socioeconomic long-term solutions for the informal settlements. Under the Egyptian-German Cooperation, GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit) proposed the Participatory Urban Upgrading Program as a possible means of addressing the problem which is based on stimulation, promotion and effective participation of local communities in the upgrading process. The Participatory Urban Upgrading Program operates at two levels, (i) the local level: through .Demonstration projects. to be applied to a limited geographical area. Ezbet Bekhit Demonstration Project is the case of the present study and (ii) the national level: the experiences gained through several .Demonstration Projects. will give substance, and thereby prominence to the participatory approach, so that the Program has an increasingly beneficial impact on the national policy. The experiences gained from Ezbet Bekhit Upgrading Project will offer the opportunity to examine the main concept expressed by the Program and increase the prospects of having an impact on the urban upgrading policy at the national level. The current study attempts to develop and assess the overall Participatory Upgrading Programme and Ezbet Bekhit Project within a framework of benchmarks extracted from the program concept. At the Project level, the focus of thesis analysis is based on aspects that explain the Project’s approach to solving basic problems. Attention is placed on the involvement of local inhabitants in the solutions at the planning and implementation levels. A Model of Community Participation is proposed for application in a selected upgrading component. The Model is based on the .Community Action Planning., which has been developed by Hamdi and Goethert as an appropriate planning tool that can stimulate and organize a non-cohesive community type. At the Program level, recommendations are presented in this study, which have been extracted from the main pillars of the Program concept and characterized the driving forces influencing the main objectives and orientating the goals of the upgrading projects. It is contended that an in-depth understanding and analysis of the specific socio-economic conditions and the community profile of the selected informal settlements; together with an explicit governmental policy supporting the Participatory Urban Upgrading Approach will enhance the success of Participatory Projects.

El presente trabajo de investigación realiza una propuesta de buenas prácticas que se propone en una Universidad Pública para que se lleven a cabo en la Fase de Formulación y Evaluación correspondiente al ciclo de inversiones del INVIERTE.PE, el cual es el Sistema Nacional de Programación Multianual y Gestión de Inversiones, cuyo principal objetivo es el cierre de brechas de infraestructura o de acceso a servicios públicos para la población. Estas buenas prácticas están basadas en la guía para la dirección de proyectos del PMBOK® 6ta edición, tomando en cuenta las áreas de conocimiento de gestión de los interesados, gestión del alcance, gestión del cronograma y gestión de riesgos del proyecto. Asimismo, se han incluido otras mejores prácticas no PMI, como Gestión de Realización de Beneficios (BRM) y gestión de valor, incluyendo técnicas como Curva J. Las cuales pretenden ser una guía para el Jefe de la Unidad Formuladora. Se precisa que este trabajo está enfocado a los proyectos de inversión pública a nivel de Perfil que se elaboran en las Universidades Públicas, las cuales tienen autonomía e ingresos por canon, como se detalla en el siguiente trabajo de investigación. Finalmente, este trabajo de investigación propone un proceso de implementación de estas buenas prácticas, las cuales incluyen la Gestión del Cambio Organizacional. / This research work makes a proposal of project management best practices at Public University to carry out in the Formulation and Evaluation Phase corresponding to the investment cycle of INVIERTE.PE, which is the National Multi-annual Programming and Investment Management System, whose main objective is the closing of infrastructure gaps or access to public services for the population. These best practices are based on the project management guide PMBOK® 6th edition, taking into account the process of stakeholder management, scope management, schedule management and risk management. Other best practices have also been included, such as Benefit Realization Management (BRM) and value management, including techniques such as Curve J. Which are intended to be a guide for the Head of the Formulatory Unit. Is precised that this work is focused on public investment projects at the Profile level that are elaborated in Public Universities to whom have autonomy and income by canon, as detailed in following research work. Finally, this research put forward an implementing process based on such good practices, which include Organizational Change Management. / Trabajo de investigación

The aim of this essay is to investigate how development projects, funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, include communication in the project cycle and if it affects their results. The research will take place in Guatemala and will be based on a comparative study in which the program evaluations conducted by the Swedish Embassy, responsible for distributing the funding, will be used to choose two projects: one regarded as successful and the other unsuccessful. By interviewing and conducting surveys with staff members from the embassy, NGO personnel that worked with the project as well as community members affected by the projects, the aim is to get a full picture of the projects themselves as well as the different personal experiences of the projects to allow for a discussion concerning communication for development, participation and governmentally funded development work. The conclusion is that there does not seem to be a defined way in which Sida-funded projects include participatory communication in the project cycle even though it is mentioned and discussed in connection to a project. The comparison of the two local initiatives indicate that defining a method and tools which allows the Embassies to better control and structure in terms of participatory communication are likely to increase the sustainability of the projects.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18256号 / 工博第3848号 / 新制||工||1590(附属図書館) / 31114 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 谷口 栄一, 准教授 松島 格也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Wind is a fast growing energy resource and the demand for clean energy is increasing with growing interests from media, governmental institutions and the public (EWEA, 2004). The increased interest towards the wind energy market has led to a more competitive environment where it is crucial for a project developer to select projects most likely to succeed, in terms of profitability, among alternatives on the market. To enable such selection, an evaluation process is often applied. Furthermore, traditional evaluation processes are often performed at completion of a project where an early indication of a project’s potential profitability is often missing (Samset & Christensen, 2015). At the early phase of a wind energy project the multiple factors influencing the project’s outcome are often conflicting and contain high level of uncertainty and the evaluation process becomes complex (Kumar et al., 2017). In addition, these factors are difficult to quantify and to determine their relative weight of importance (Çolak & Kaya, 2017). This thesis aims to problematise the early project phase by contributing with a practical tool for evaluating wind energy projects at this phase. In addition, the thesis aims to contribute with an identification and monetarily quantification of the important factors to assess when doing so. The thesis is conducted as a case study at a company developing wind energy projects in Sweden. Due to the multiple factors that influencing a project’s outcome, MCDM (multi-criteria decisionmaking) analysis is used as the research process to create the tool. Findings from this study show that key factors that are possible to quantify at an early phase are conditions for civil works, grid conditions, wind resource and electricity price area. In general, their relative importance, measured in relative increase of IRR, is wind resource, electricity price area, grid conditions and civil works in the descending order. This study has four contributions, three theoretical and one practical. Firstly, the study confirms MCDM as a suitable analysis to use, when creating an evaluation model for wind energy projects. Secondly, the study confirms most of the important factors mentioned in the literature to assess when evaluating a wind energy project. However, this study contributes with insights that only conditions for civil works, grid conditions, wind resource and electricity price area can be quantified for the purpose of creating an evaluation tool at an early phase. Thirdly, previous studies have focused less on determining the relative weight of importance of the relevant key factors and this study contributes by quantifying and determining which of these key factors that are of relevance in an evaluation. Lastly, this study contributes practically by creating an evaluation tool suggested to be used by the case company to compare different projects on the market and form investment decisions based on financial data. Furthermore, the tool facilitates an equal evaluation process for all projects, thus leading to a more standardised decision-making process where the case company can focus their resources on the projects most likely to succeed. / Vind är en snabbväxande energiresurs där efterfrågan efter grön energi ökar från media, statliga myndigheter och allmänheten. Det ständigt ökande intresset av vindenergi har lett till en allt mer konkurrenskraftig marknad där det är viktigt för en projektutvecklare att välja de projekt som är mest troliga att bli lönsamma bland de tillgängliga projekten på marknaden. Dessa urval sker oftast genom en projektutvärderingsprocess. Dock sker merparten av de traditionella projektutvärderingarna i slutet av ett projekt där en tidig indikation rörande ett projektet lönsamhet oftast saknas (Samset & Christensen, 2015). Anledningen till detta är att vindkraftsprojekt består av flera motsägande faktorer med en hög osäkerhet som påverkar ett projekts resultat, vilket leder till en komplex utvärderingsprocess i ett tidigt skede (Kumar et al., 2017). Dessutom är dessa faktorer svåra att kvantifiera vilket gör det svårt att vidare bestämma deras relation i förhållande till varandra (Çolak & Kaya, 2017). Detta examensarbete ämnar därför till att problematisera den komplexa utvärderingsprocessen i ett tidigt skedde genom att skapa ett praktiskt verktyg för en simplifierad utvärderingsprocess av vindkraftsprojekt. Detta examensarbete är utformat som en fallstudie på ett företag i Sverige som utvecklar vindkraftsprojekt. På grund av antalet faktorer som påverkar projektens lönsamhet används MCDM-analys som forskningsprocess för att skapa verktyget. Resultat från denna studie visar att de nyckelfaktorer som är möjliga att kvantifiera i det tidiga skede är: infrastruktur, nätanslutning, vindresurs och elprisområde. Resultaten visar även att faktorernas påverkan, mätt i relativ ökning av IRR, är i fallande ordning: vindresurs, elprisområde, nätanslutning och infrastruktur och att dessa, i fallande ordning, är relevanta att utvärdera. Denna studie har totalt fyra bidrag, varav tre teoretiska och ett praktiskt bidrag. Det första bidraget är en konfirmation av att MCDM är en lämplig analysmetod vid skapandet av utvärderingsverktyget. Det andra bidraget är en konfirmation av de faktorer som nämns i litteraturen som viktiga vid en utvärderingsprocess i ett tidigt skede. Dock är endast faktorerna infrastruktur, nätanslutning, vindresurs och elprisområde möjliga att kvantifiera i detta skede. Det tredje bidraget är kunskap gällande faktorernas förhållande till varandra och vilka som är relevanta att utvärdera. Det praktiska bidraget är utvärderingsverktyget där företaget rekommenderas att använda det för att jämföra olika projekt på marknaden och fatta välinformerade beslut baserat på finansiell data. Dessutom bidrar verktyget med en likvärdig utvärderingsprocess för alla projekt vilket leder till en mer standardiserad beslutsprocess där företaget kan fokusera sina resurser på de projekt som är mest troliga att bli lönsamma.

Community-based projects are established in most of the communities as a strategy to create jobs and alleviate poverty. In the area under investigation community-based projects were established by members of communities but some of them failed and others are not sustainable in economic terms. This study investigated the reasons for failure of community-based projects at Folovhodwe area. The objectives of the study were to determine the reasons for failure of community-based projects, to provide community development officials with a guideline of the role they must play in community projects and to provide strategies for the improvement and future development of community-based projects. The study was both qualitative and quantitative. Questionnaires and interviews were employed to collect information. The study revealed that lack of funds, poor project management, poor management of funds, lack of commitment and motivation, low level of education of project members, lack of youth involvement in community-based projects, lack of monitoring and evaluation by government officials and community leaders, lack of training and unavailability of workshops for project members and lack of government involvement in addressing project challenges were identified as the reasons for failure of community-based projects. / Business Management / M.Tech. (Business Administration)

[pt] As vantagens de incluir a flexibilidade gerencial e a analogia às opções financeiras nos critérios de avaliação de projetos têm sido alvo de discussões teóricas no ramo das finanças. Diversos autores criticam os métodos de análise de investimentos utilizados correntemente, que têm como principal representante o fluxo de caixa descontado (FCD), apoiando-se na noção de que os gerentes ao tomarem decisões devem utilizar técnicas que reflitam as flexibilidades disponíveis. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação tem por finalidade validar as vantagens sugeridas na utilização da teoria de Opções Reais através de um back-testing, que tem como objeto campos de petróleo com características representativas da indústria petrolífera brasileira. Estes testes serão realizados para o período de 1970 a 1990, sendo contemplada a incerteza econômica e excluindo-se as incertezas técnicas. O modelo desenvolvido em Excel e VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) para decisões de investimento considera as opções de espera de até dois anos e de escolha entre três intensidades de produção. O Movimento Geométrico Browniano foi assumido como o processo estocástico para representar a evolução dos preços reais do petróleo em dólares americanos ao longo do tempo, e sua volatilidade foi variada a título de análise de sensibilidade. Por fim, cabe ressaltar que os resultados obtidos não devem ser aceitos como definitivos, e sim como base de futuros trabalhos na linha de estudos empíricos para verificar e validar as vantagens teóricas das Opções Reais em relação aos demais critérios utilizados na prática. / [en] Financial researchers have discussed a lot about the theoretical advantages of including the managerial flexibility and the financial options analogy in projects valuation criteria. Plenty of authors criticize the currently used investment analysis methods, mainly represented by the discounted cash flow, supported by the notion that the managers should use techniques that better reflect the available flexibility to take their decisions. In this sense, the present dissertation has the objective of validating the suggested advantages of using the Real Options theory through a back-testing focused on oil fields with Brazilian oil industry representative characteristics. Those tests will be carried out for the 1970-1990 period, considering the economic uncertainty and excluding the technical uncertainties. The investment decisions model developed in Excel and VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) contemplates the options of waiting till two years and of choosing among three exploitation intensities. The Geometric Brownian Motion was assumed as the stochastic process to represent the real oil prices time evolution, and its volatility was varied to generate a sensibility analysis. Finally it is worthy to state that the results shall not be accepted as definitive, and just as a foundation to future studies on the empirical research line of verifying and validating the theoretical advantages of the Real Options with regard to others currently used criteria.

Att arbeta i projekt är en allt vanligare arbetsform som tillskrivs vara mer effektiv än den traditionella. Trots detta har projektorganisationer svårt att dra lärdomar av tidigare misstag, därför riskeras de att återupprepas i andra projekt. Det finns påtagliga brister i inhämtningen av kunskap från tidigare projekt, men också i lagrandet av dessa erfarenheter. Utvärdering är ett verktyg som syftar till att reflektera och samla in erfarenheter och kunskaper som genererats i ett projekt. Det är också en förutsättning för att de ska kunna vidareförmedlas. Syftet med studien är därför att ta reda på hur en projektorganisation använder sig av utvärdering för lärande mellan projekt. För att genomföra detta kontaktades en multinationell projektorganisation som hädanefter kallas CS. Vi genomförde en fallstudie där både intervjuer med projektledare och utvärderingsmaterial inhämtades. Det empiriska materialet analyserades och jämfördes med den teoretiska referensramen vilket resulterade i två modeller. Den första modellen beskriver det inter-projektuella lärandet som ligger till grund för kunskapsutbytet mellan projekt. Den andra modellen visar mer ingående utvärderingens kritiska punkter från ett projekt till ett annat. Studien stärker att utvärdering och lärande mellan projekt är ett eftersatt område i projektorganisationer. De uppfattas ofta som tråkiga, ostrukturerade och som att de saknar mottagare. Även andra kritiska punkter i processen som är vitala för att kunskap ska spridas mellan projekt har uppmärksammats. De är att ledningen stöttar genomförandet och inhämtandet av tidigare utvärderingsmaterial, att databasen är användarvänlig och att nätverk aktivt används. En reflekterande utvärdering bidrar till utökad individuell kunskap, men även utförligare dokument som kan lagras i organisationen. Detta är något som långsiktigt leder till kunskapsutveckling för organisationer. Studien visar också att kunskapsspridningen mellan parallellt pågående projekt varken prioriteras i forskning eller inom organisationer. Det finns däremot stor utvecklingspotential inom detta område. / Program: Civilekonomprogrammet