New regulations of labour immigration from countries outside of EU and EEA have on the 15th of December 2008 been introduced into the Swedish legal system. This research examines the law changes of labour immigration from third countries to Sweden at the time of the ratification of the new law. The aim of this research has been to examine how common labour immigration directives and policies of EU are maintained and implemented in the domestic sphere of Sweden and the possible outcomes on the Swedish labour market by applying the current law implementations. The results show the complexity of combining national laws with EU policies and regulations. The main findings show a difficulty of maintaining an unharmed principle of community preference as well as to preserve Swedish employment standards in order not to risk wage dumping when implementing the new law of labour immigration.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

This thesis deals with the institute of summary preliminary proceedings. The introduction of this work briefly outlines the evolution of the legislation, which was the impulse for conducting the summary preliminary proceedings, and the reason for the introduction of this institute. The author defines the concept of summary preliminary proceedings in relation to other forms of preliminary proceedings and proceedings taking place before court. Further on the author tries to capture the essence and meaning of the summary preliminary proceedings. The work introduces the current legislation of the institute and its use under other criminal laws. The work defines the basic principles of summary preliminary proceedings. The author discusses the statutory conditions for holding summary preliminary proceedings. At the same time she defines the subjects of summary preliminary proceedings, their status, specific rights and obligations. Within this work, the emphasis is placed on the issue of time-limits, especially the determination of commencement and completion of summary preliminary proceedings and its length. The main part of this work is the interpretation of the processing of the summary preliminary proceedings. The author describes the actions of investigative, prosecuting and adjudicating bodies from the...

本研究屬於探索性的研究，透過文獻探討並從兩家日本個案公司－JASCO與Origin實務做法之相似處，從中歸納整理並建構提案式經營之概念性模式。提案式經營必須同時具有市場導向與創業導向互相搭配之組織文化，且要有高階管理者的支持。在兩導向相輔相成的運作之下，組織將有能力發掘顧客心中潛在、未能清楚表達的新需求，同時發展滿足此新需求所需的新技術能力，因此能夠有效促進新需求與新技術之搭配以形成一新的產品/服務提案，並主動提供給未察覺此需求的顧客。由於提案是奠基於真正了解顧客心中的需求與所渴望的價值，並融入了與顧客互動，也因而能創造真正卓越的顧客價值、幫助顧客成功，不僅達到最高的顧客滿意，更讓顧客感動。提案式經營可透過卓越的顧客價值創造，為組織帶來價值創造、改變市場和領導地位的競爭優勢。提案式經營本質上即是一種驅動市場的組織運作，是市場導向新思維下顧客價值創造之道。 提案式經營的精髓在於新市場的開創，透過市場導向與創業導向文化相輔相成的運作之下，企業能有足夠的意願與能力去有效搭配新需求與新技術，進而開創一個新市場。能幫助廠商培養洞察新市場機會的眼光、看到未來的需求，並發展用以實現新市場機會所需的能力，因此能夠掌握到市場先機，能比競爭者更早一步進入新市場，獲得先進入者優勢。為了能在競爭激烈的環境下生存、掌握市場先機，台灣企業也應該實行提案式經營，以便能夠驅動市場並提昇在全球的競爭力，擺脫代工的命運、創造更高附加價值的產品。 / This study is an exploratory research. By reviewing literature and studying the two Japanese cases -JASCO and Origin, a conceptual framework of proposal-type management is constructed. Proposal-type management requires the alignment of market orientation and entrepreneurship orientation cultures, and must be supported by the top management. Under the coordination of the two cultures, the organization will have the abilities to discover the latent and unexpressed needs of the customers, and develop the necessary technologies, which can be used to meet the new needs, in good time. Therefore, the match of the cultures can catalyze the match of the new needs and the new technologies to generate a proposal, which can be further proposed to the customers. Because the proposal is based on thorough understanding the true needs and the desired value of the customers, it is affirmed to create superior customer value, achieve customer success, fulfill the highest customer satisfaction, and impress the customers. Through superior customer value creation, the firm will acquire the competitive advantages, including value creation, change, and leadership. Proposal-type management is a kind of market-driving organizational operation in nature, which inferred that it is a way of customer value creating under the new thinking of market orientation. The core value of proposal-type management lies in creating a new market. Under the cultural coordination of market orientation and entrepreneurship orientation, the firm has the will and capacity to match the new needs and the new technologies precisely and then create a new market. It can make the firm develop the insight into new market opportunity and the necessary abilities to fulfill it. Consequently, the firm can seize the market opportunity and gain the first-entry advantage by entering the new market in advance of the competitors. In order to survive in the intensive competition and to seize the new market opportunity, the firms in Taiwan should implement proposal-type management, which is helpful to drive market and acquire the globally competitive capabilities. It could also help the firms in Taiwan get rid of the fate of OEM and create high value-added products.

生物學的互利共生，探討兩生物體生活在一起的交互作用，互利共生雙方成員都得到好處，維持持續性的關係。由於環境不斷在變動，使得兩生物體必須共同學會適應環境，持續共生行為。設計服務產業中的供應商及市場上顧客，有如互利共生的雙方，而服務產業的變遷及新科技的注入，為這個環境加入許多不確定性。設計團隊如何利用服務科學之觀點從顧客角度建立互利共生之設計流程，遠瞻市場脈動和顧客建立長久的關係，是本研究要探討的議題。近幾年來工業設計逐漸浮出檯面。箇中翹楚，莫過於「手機設計」。過去通話是手機最基本的功能。現在，因為功能的跨界設計，讓手機不再只是一個移動式的話筒。本研究從設計的流程切入，探究工業設計團隊在初期進行創意構思到概念構成，及最後設計商品化的部分，如何使用互利共生與服務科學原則建立相關分析模型進行設計流程有效管理，使得設計師更瞭解市場和消費者的需求，並以消費者為尊的觀念，讓客製化的程度提高，建立一使得顧客與設計團隊間的交互作用得以持續。 / In service exchange, both providers and customers are involved in shaping the continuum of value co-production. Inspired by the symbiosis concepts, service exchange engaged by providers and customers can be regarded as the unfolding of mutually beneficial interactions between two species. The providers and customers in design service industry (e.g., industrial design) are the analogy as two organisms in mutualism. In this industry, there are many uncertain factors to consider and it is important for a design team to establish a mutualism relationship with their customers and unfold a design service process which can meet consumers’ expectations. This paper takes the design service of mobile phones as an example and presents an analytical model of mutualism-based idea management characterized with the principles of symbiosis concepts and service science. The model is unfolded with three symbiosis analytic tasks (concept definition, idea visualization, and commercialization) and achieves a design service process regarding the points of view of the customers in order to improve customization.

我國公司法在94年6月22 日通過增訂修正條文，新增通訊投票制度，並賦予股東提案權及董事、監察人提名制度。行政院金融監督管理委員會配合公司法新增通訊投票相關規定，於94年12 月15 日發布修正公開發行股票公司股務處理準則，以使公開發行公司採行書面或電子方式行使表決權時之股務作業有所依循，使我國上市上櫃公司正式跨入股東會通訊投票時代。不過法令修正後逾三年除台灣期貨交易所股東會採用通訊投票外，並無其他上市上櫃公司採行，使通訊投票制度徒託空言。 97年6月13日共計有637家上市櫃公司選在同一天召開，過度集中化的結果，不僅股東分身乏術無法參與公司一年一度股東會，也嚴重影響小股東參與監督、瞭解公司經營等權益。 股東會是小股東實踐股東權益及落實股東行動主義最佳的場合，也是公司實行公司治理具體表現。但近幾年股東會撞期情況始終未獲改善，為有效解決此一問題金管會證期局積極宣導通訊投票制度的優點，希望上市上櫃公司採行通訊投票制度，讓股東在親自出席和委託出席之外，多增加一項參與股東會方式。 股東會通訊投票制度亦新增股東會提案權和董監事提名董監事制度，讓少數股東權益能擴大參與公司決策與經營。我國通訊投票制度雖然已有法源和運作平台，但企業普遍對此制度仍不熟悉，未來要擴大推行，有賴主管機關政策輔導和提出獎勵措施，初期如果能鼓勵大型企業或法人持股比重較高公司帶頭做起，則我國通訊投票制度則可望步上正軌。 通訊投票制度最早由美國開始，目前英國、日本、澳洲、香港等國皆已實施多年，我國起步並不算晚，實施股東會通訊投票不僅與國際接軌對我國企業推動公司治理和股東行動主義亦有正面評價。

In environmental impact assessment (EIA), accident risk should be considered as one impact. However, few studies have compared assessed risk levels with documented accidents. There is thus a need for assessing accuracy of risk assessment methodologies. The aim of this study was to develop and examine a risk assessment guideline based on environmental assessment. The guideline examination was carried out along the railway and the road between Kiruna and Narvik, Northern Scandinavia. The examined hazards were avalanches, debris flows, rock falls, slush flows, torrents, moose and reindeer. Documented accidents were quantified into an accident level. For each hazard type, six sections/sites were assessed. The propensities of these hazards were analysed through environmental assessments, especially by utilising geomorphology. Then, the accident densities along the sections/sites were compared with assessed accident phase indices describing risk and hazard in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The average uncertainty factors for both the risk and the hazard indices were about 5. This implies a fairly good precision. Risk and hazard indices were also rated and compared to the accident density rates. Thereafter, railway and road information was split up as different proposal alternatives in an EIA context. The total risk for each proposal was compared with the total accident density. The risk assessment guideline proved to be cost-efficient, rapid and relatively reliable in comparing accident risk.

In environmental impact assessment (EIA), accident risk should be considered as one impact. However, few studies have compared assessed risk levels with documented accidents. There is thus a need for assessing accuracy of risk assessment methodologies. The aim of this study was to develop and examine a risk assessment guideline based on environmental assessment. The guideline examination was carried out along the railway and the road between Kiruna and Narvik, Northern Scandinavia. The examined hazards were avalanches, debris flows, rock falls, slush flows, torrents, moose and reindeer. Documented accidents were quantified into an accident level. For each hazard type, six sections/sites were assessed. The propensities of these hazards were analysed through environmental assessments, especially by utilising geomorphology. Then, the accident densities along the sections/sites were compared with assessed accident phase indices describing risk and hazard in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The average uncertainty factors for both the risk and the hazard indices were about 5. This implies a fairly good precision. Risk and hazard indices were also rated and compared to the accident density rates. Thereafter, railway and road information was split up as different proposal alternatives in an EIA context. The total risk for each proposal was compared with the total accident density. The risk assessment guideline proved to be cost-efficient, rapid and relatively reliable in comparing accident risk.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to define the European political parties. The thesis has been divided into five chapters, which are further subdivided. The reason why I have chosen this topic is quite simple - to analyse the current status of the European political parties and introduce them to wider audience not to be confused anymore with political groups in the European Parliament. In the first chapter the thesis brings a brief definition of the legal constitution of political groups in the European Parliament. For many years there has been confusion between the concept of a European political party and political group, so the thesis defines the political groups and its position in the European Parliament in order to create a basis for their differentiation from the European political parties. The second chapter is devoted to create a definition of the European political party and to bring the legal regulation of the European political parties. The thesis focuses also on the variability of their legal base in the treaties of the European Union (legal base before the Treaty of Lisbon, legal base in the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe and legal base in the Treaty of Lisbon). The third chapter is dedicated to legal issues of the European political parties. Emphasis was put on...