Οι σεισμοί και οι ηφαιστειακές εκρήξεις αποτελούν την επιφανειακή έκφραση μιας δυναμικής του βάθους. Αυτό από μόνο του παραπέμπει σε κάτι μη απτό και μη άμεσα παρατηρήσιμο. Όμως τα δύο αυτά φαινόμενα καταφέρνουν να κεντρίσουν το ενδιαφέρον μικρών και μεγάλων κάνοντάς τους να σχηματίζουν τις δικές τους παραστάσεις για τις δύο έννοιες. Στην παρούσα έρευνα, μελετήσαμε τις ιδέες που κατέχουν τα παιδιά της προσχολικής ηλικίας για τους σεισμούς, τα ηφαίστεια και τη δημιουργία αυτών, πριν αλλά και μετά από μια οργανωμένη διδακτική παρέμβαση. Επίσης, έγινε προσπάθεια καταγραφής των συναισθημάτων που εκφράζονται από τα παιδιά για το φαινόμενο του σεισμού αλλά και των μέτρων προστασίας που τείνουν να υιοθετούν σε μια τέτοια περίσταση. Το δείγμα αποτέλεσαν 63 παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας από ένα δημόσιο Νηπιαγωγείο στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της Πάτρας. Τα παιδιά φάνηκε πως είχαν σχηματίσει ήδη πριν τη διδακτική παρέμβαση κάποιες πρώτες παραστάσεις για τα φαινόμενα αυτά. Μετά την ολοκλήρωση της διδακτικής παρέμβασης παρατηρήθηκε ότι οι παραστάσεις αυτές βελτιώθηκαν αρκετά με κάποιες από αυτές να πλησιάζουν αρκετά το επιστημονικό μοντέλο. Τέλος, τα συναισθήματα που εκφράστηκαν από τα παιδιά καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια της μελέτης αυτής σχετίζονταν με την κατανόηση της σημαντικότητας του εν λόγω θέματος: παρατηρήθηκε μια μετάβαση από το συναίσθημα φόβου ή πανικού σε συναισθήματα που είχαν να κάνουν περισσότερο με ηρεμία και διατήρηση της ψυχραιμίας προκειμένου να προστατευθούν σε περίπτωση σεισμού. / Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are the surface expression of a dynamic depth. This by itself refers to something intangible and not directly observable; but these two phenomena manage to pique the interest of both preschoolers and adults and make them form their own representations for both concepts. In this research, we studied the ideas held by the preschoolers on earthquakes, volcanoes and the creation of these two, before and after an organized teaching intervention. Also, an attempt was made to record the emotions expressed by children about the earthquakes and the protective measures they tend to adopt in such situations. The sample consisted of 63 preschool children from a public kindergarten located in the city of Patras. Ever before the teaching intervention, children had already formed some early representations for these phenomena, representations that were enriched (approaching even the scientific model) after the didactic intervention had been completed. Finally, the feelings expressed by the children throughout the study resulted from the understanding of the significance of this issue: there was a transition from the feeling of fear or panic to feelings that had more to do with staying calm and keeping their composure (in order to protect themselves) in a case of an earthquake.

Protective therapy and preventive detention Abstract The aim of the diploma thesis is to provide a comprehensive description of protective measures with an emphasis on two specific protective measures, namely protective treatment and security detention. These are criminal sanctions that are the result not only of a criminal offense, but also of an otherwise criminal offense. The basic function of these measures is not only to protect society from dangerous persons who have committed harmful acts on the basis of their mental disorder, sexual deviance or dependence on alcohol or other addictive substances, but also therapeutic effect on the personalities of these offenders so that their danger to society as minimized as possible and allowed them to return to normal life. The introductory chapters contain the basic characteristics of protective measures, their comparison with penalties and a brief description of the remaining protective measures, ie the institute will prevent things, prevent part of the property and protective education. The following chapter deals with the basic concepts that are closely related to both institutes, and whose understanding is crucial for grasping the whole issue. In the following chapters, I then deal in detail with the individual aspects of protective treatment and security...

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate from a constructivist perspective, what protective measures managers take against violence and threats for social workers. The focus will be on two occupations: Social Services and Health and Care services. Also, to compare their protective measures and investigate if there are other protective measures to improve the safety of social workers. The method that has been used is the qualitative method, because the constructivist theory is best achieved by a method that goes in-depth and searches for context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by using a strategic selection. The selection was homogenous, consisting of three managers from each occupation. The results show a constructed image made by the managers of a low rate of threats on the two occupations. The results also show similar constructed protective measures. For instance, a social worker can speak with the manager, have a personal alarm at home, or speak with a safety coordinator. Other common measures include contacting the occupational health service and handing over the matter to another employee. There is the possibility of bodyguard protection and taking a taxi from and to work in times of discomfort. Some differences are found as well, such as there are always two social workers for home visits in social services while there are only two social workers for first-time visits in Health and Care services. In conclusion, there are differences and similarities regarding the constructed protective measures employed in both occupations. Another conclusion is to develop and introduce new protective measures. There is a lack of research on how social workers experience the protective measures against violence and threats in the working places. Therefore, more research must be done on their experiences.

I dagens samhälle hittar vi risker på många olika platser och på det sättet vi reagerar på dessa risker beror på vår riskuppfattning.Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur unga vuxnas riskuppfattning ser ut när det gäller en distinkt och en diffus risk. Också om det fanns någon skillnad mellan de olika åldrarna samt om de vidtagit några skyddsåtgärder. Den metod som har använts i studien är kvantitativ metod med enkätundersökning samt deskriptiv statistik för att analysera svaren. Enkäten skapades i programmet survey and report.Enkätundersökningen besvarades av 134 personer med en variation i kön och åldrar. Respondenternas upplevda kunskap var större för klimatförändring än för krig och de upplevde krig som den mest skrämmande risken men klimatförändring som den största.I diskussionen framgår det att metoden var ett bra val, men att fler frågor hade kunnat läggas till i enkäten för att bidra till en bättre analys. Det hade varit intressant att kombinera både kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod och göra några djupintervjuer. Det diskuteras om respondenternas uppfattning av de olika riskerna i relation till tidigare forskning och teorier. Också hur riskuppfattning och åtgärder hänger ihop. Även att respondenterna utifrån RPA är likgiltiga för krig och responsiva för klimatförändring. Utifrån PMT kan förstås att de responsiva har en hög skyddsmotivation och är troliga att vidta åtgärder samtidigt som de likgiltiga har en låg skyddsmotivation och inte är lika troliga att vidta åtgärder. / In today's society, risks can be found in various places and our response to these risks and accidents depends on our risk perception.The aim of this study was to examine how young adults risk perception looks regarding a distinct and a diffuse risk, as well as its variations based on age and the adoption of protective measures. The method used for this study is a qualitative method with a survey and descriptive statistics to analyse the answers. The survey was created in the program survey and report.The results showed that the survey was answered by 134 people with a variety in gender and age. Furthermore, the results revealed that the respondents perceived knowledge for climate change was larger than their perceived knowledge for wars. The results also showed that wars were perceived as more threatening, while climate change was considered as the most significant risk.The discussion highlights the appropriateness of the chosen research method, however more questions could have enhanced the analysis. It would have been interesting to combine a quantitative with a qualitative method and implement a few interviews. Based on the theory RPA the respondents were indifferent to climate change and responsive to war. Based on PTM it can also be understood that individuals who are responsive exhibit a strong motivation for protection and are likely to take protective measures, while those who are indifferent demonstrate a low motivation for protection and are unlikely to take action.

Criminal proceedings against law entities Summary The Act no. 418/2011 Coll., Act on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and Proceedings Against Them came into force on 1st January 2012. Up until that point the legal entities could not have been prosecuted for crimes, because we had only personal liability in our country. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to research the procedural part of Act no. 418/2011 Coll., the criminal liability of legal entities and proceedings against them in more detailed way, especially discuss the specific differences in criminal procedure against legal entities, which differ from the general provisions in criminal procedure against natural persons. These specific differences contain provisions of provisional and protective measures, acts of legal entities, defense of legal entities and specific executions of punishments, which can be inflicted only to legal entities. This thesis mentions legal acts of international law, legal acts of European Union law and legal acts of national law. Moreover, the thesis contains references to articles and publications by notorious Czech criminal law experts, who research the problematics of the criminal responsibility of legal entities. This thesis includes some important judicial decisions, which were issued and are related to criminal...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULA REGINA PEREIRA DOS SANTOS MARQUES DIAS.pdf: 2504341 bytes, checksum: c8ffd707f7a51bf96036c4e99fdb144e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-04 / The Law nº. 11.340, of August 7, 2006 (Maria da Penha Law), brought to the Brazilian legal system new civil, criminal, precautionary procedures, for crimes committed against women in the within the household and family such as the application of protective measures of urgency, characterized as a faster means to cease the contact between the parties, and other conditions that permit the violence, agreed in legislation. In this sense, the present paper analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of such measures, in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhão State, the judiciary (Special Court for Domestic and Family Violence against Women), in 2013. The research begins with a reflection on the theories of fundamental human rights in the Federal Constitution of 1988 related to gender, pointing out new perspectives outlined by post- positivism, the need for immediate application of constitutional principles to give effect to the fundamental rights of women, especially those of equality, freedom, human dignity, physical, moral and psychological integrity, and the right to life itself. It also highlights the major international conventions on global and regional system of human rights of women - in other words, those contained in the special protection system in view of the vulnerability of women -, as a way of demonstrating the concern of the countries with the issue of gender and the influence of these conventions in the domestic legislation of Brazil, through legal frameworks with exposed divisive parameter presentation at the 1988 Federal Constitution. To enter in research on the effectiveness of an instrument of Maria da Penha Law analyzed in situ research mentioned, the paper discusses the importance of the conceptual aspects of domestic and family violence against women , bringing the differentiation of the concepts of household and family unit as well as featuring the actors of the process, aggressor and victim. Emphasizes the history of such violence in Brazil after Law nº. 11.340 - 2006, intertwining with the cultural and ideological context and notes of feminist movements in favor of stricter regulation. It also presents the manifestations of domestic violence against women outlined in the legislation. The research exposes the trajectory advent of Maria da Penha Law, as a consequence of the debates in the legislative sphere and civil society itself and the main discussions about its constitutionality, presenting the procedural aspects, especially the urgent protective measures and institutes of general and special prevention of recurrence. Finally, does the exhibition of documentary research conducted at the Special Court for Domestic and Family Violence of the city surveyed, to respond to questioning, observing, beyond the effective implementation of the measures, the age profile of victims, relationship to the aggressor, the types and number of police report of violence practiced, the amount of urgent protective measures that oblige the aggressor and established in favor of the victim, classified according to the described in law and the presentation of public policies existing in the municipality. / A Lei nº 11.340, de 7 de agosto de 2006 (Lei Maria da Penha), trouxe para o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro novos procedimentos civis, penais, cautelares, para os crimes cometidos contra as mulheres no seio doméstico e familiar, como é o caso da aplicação das medidas protetivas de urgência, caracterizado como meio mais célere de cessar o contato entre as partes, e outras situações que permitam a violência, avençadas na legislação. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho analisa a efetividade da aplicação de tais medidas, na cidade de Imperatriz, Estado do Maranhão, pelo Poder Judiciário (Vara Especial da Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher), no ano de 2013. A pesquisa inicia-se com uma reflexão sobre as teorias dos direitos humanos fundamentais na Constituição Federal de 1988 relacionados com o gênero, apontando as novas perspectivas traçadas pelo póspositivismo, com a necessidade de aplicação imediata dos princípios constitucionais para dar efetividade aos direitos fundamentais das mulheres, principalmente os de igualdade, liberdade, dignidade da pessoa humana, integridade física, moral e psicológica, e o próprio direito à vida. Destaca, ainda, as principais convenções internacionais de sistema global e regional sobre os direitos humanos das mulheres ou seja, aquelas contidas no sistema especial de proteção tendo em vista a vulnerabilidade da mulher -, como forma de demonstrar a preocupação dos países com a questão de gênero e a influência destas convenções na legislação interna do Brasil, por meio dos marcos legais expostos com parâmetro divisório de apresentação na Constituição Federal de 1988. Para adentrar na pesquisa sobre a efetividade de um instrumento da Lei Maria da Penha analisado no locus de pesquisa mencionado, o trabalho aborda a importância dos aspectos conceituais sobre a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, trazendo a diferenciação dos conceitos de núcleo doméstico e familiar, assim como caracteriza os atores do processo, agressor e vítima. Dá ênfase na história desse tipo de violência no Brasil pós Lei nº 11.340-2006, entrelaçando com o contexto cultural e ideológico e apontamentos dos movimentos feministas em prol de normatização mais rigorosa. Apresenta, ainda, as formas de manifestação de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher traçadas na legislação. A pesquisa expõe a trajetória de advento da Lei Maria da Penha, como consequência dos debates travados na esfera do legislativo e da própria sociedade civil organizada e as principais discussões sobre sua constitucionalidade, apresentando os aspectos processuais, especialmente das medidas protetivas de urgência e os institutos da prevenção geral, especial e da reincidência. Por fim, faz a exposição da pesquisa documental realizada na Vara Especial da Violência Doméstica e Familiar da cidade pesquisada, a fim de responder a problematização, observando, além do cumprimento efetivo das medidas, o perfil de idade das vítimas, grau de parentesco com o agressor, os tipos e número de ocorrência de violências praticadas, a quantidade de medidas protetivas de urgência que obrigam o agressor e as estabelecidas em prol da ofendida, classificadas de acordo com as descritas na legislação e a apresentação das políticas públicas existentes no município.

I arbetet görs en ansats att utveckla verktyg för dimensionering av skyddsåtgärder vid röjning av RSV-ammunition. Till skillnad mot övriga verkansformer så saknar ammunitionsröjaren idag beräkningsmodeller eller annat adekvat stöd för fastställande av maximalt riskområde respektive för dimensionering av skadebegränsande åtgärder vid röjning av ammunition innehållande riktad sprängverkan. Arbetets fokus utgår från den militära nyttan med ett sådant verktyg, då en anpassning till röjningsverksamhetens informationstillgång, tidsförhållanden, arbetsmetodik och tekniknivå är direkt avgörande för om ett verktyg kan anses ändamålsenligt eller ej. Resultatet utgörs av förslag på två kompletta verksamhetsanpassade verktyg. Det första i form av en beräkningsmodell för dimensionering av skadebegränsande åtgärder, vilken kombinerar RSV-strålens penetrationsförmåga med detonationsavståndets inverkan. Det andra verktyget är en enkel modell för bedömning av det maximala riskområde som en RSV-stråle kan ge upphov till, vilken baseras på det dimensionerande strålsegmentets ballistiska bana. / This thesis is an attempt to develop models for design of protective measures during clearance of shaped charge ammunition. Unlike for other hazards, the EOD personnel are lacking adequate means for the establishment of the maximum hazardous area and for the design of measures for hazard confinement against the shaped charge effect. The development of the models is based on the military utility, by consideration of the limited information availability, the short time frames, the working methods and the technology level that are characteristic for EOD operations. The result is a suggestion of two complete and adapted tools for the design of protective measures. The first tool is a model for the design of measures for hazard confinement, which combines the jet penetration depth with the influence of the stand-off distance. The second tool is a simple model for estimation of the maximum hazardous area generated by the shaped charge jet, which is based on the trajectory of the most critical jet segment.

[pt] Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as medidas de proteção aplicadas em casos de abuso sexual no I Conselho Tutelar de Duque de Caxias e sua relação com a garantia de direitos de crianças e adolescentes. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental a partir dos registros em prontuários de 24 (vinte e quatro) casos iniciados em 2014, que continham a tipificação de violação caracterizada como abuso sexual. Buscou-se acompanhar os desdobramentos das medidas de proteção, o caminho percorrido pelos envolvidos desde a denúncia ou notificação, com ênfase no contexto de proteção versus violação dos direitos das alegadas vítimas e seus familiares, a partir da contrarreferência dos demais segmentos do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos de Crianças e Adolescentes (SGD), materializada em documentos enviados ao Conselho Tutelar. A análise dos dados indica a necessidade de qualificação de profissionais que atuam no SGD para melhor sistematização dos registros, bem como estabelecimento e efetivação de um fluxo a ser seguido em casos de abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Permite ainda concluir que a comunicação recíproca entre os segmentos que integram o SGD – referência e contrarreferência – concorre para redução das fragilidades no atendimento e da ocorrência de revitimização, fortalecendo a atuação em rede na busca da garantia de direitos. / [en] This research has for objective to analyze the applied protective measures in cases of sexual abuse in the I Guardian Council of Duque de Caxias and its relation ship with the warranty of children and adolescent s rights. For such purpose, It was conducted a documental research starting from the registrations in handbooks of 26 (twenty-six) initiate cases in 2014, that contained the violation s typification characterizedas sexual abuse. It was sought to accompany the unfoldings of the protection measures, the way traveled for the involved since the accusation or notification, withem phasis in the contexto protection versus violation of theal legedvictims right sand their relatives, starting from the counterreference of the other segmentsofthe System of Warranty of Children and Adolescent s rights (SGDCA), materialized in documents sentto Guardian Council. The analysis of the data indicates the need of professionals qualification that act in SGD for better systemization of the registrations, as well as establishment and efetivation of a flow to befollowed in cases of children s sexual abuse and adolescents. It stills allow stoend that the reciprocal communication among the segments that integrate SGD – reference and counterreference - it competes for reduction of the fragilities in the servisse and of the revictimization occurrence, streng thening the performance in net in the search of the warranty of rights.

Nuclear facility accidents involving leaks of radioactive substances into the environment might have serious radiobiological impacts on inhabitants in some cases and would require immediate or subsequent protective measures from iodine prophylaxis and hiding to evacuation or permanent resettlement. The first part of the thesis describes the conditions of nuclear facility operation, technology of the Temelin nuclear power plant, including description of technology and function of emergency systems and the basic principles of security, and environment protection. It also describes the principles and aims of nuclear safety, radiation protection and accident preparedness. A more detailed description of accident preparedness at the Temelin power plant including links to the External Emergency Plan and announcement of safety measures for inhabitants follows. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the decision making process on announcement of evacuation in the pre-leak phase of radiation accident from the point of view of the Temelin nuclear plant operator?s possibilities. The part Methodology includes a description of RTARC software for evaluation of radiological impacts of radioactive substance leakage into the environment of the Temelin nuclear plant in case of radiation accident. The set of source members (event scenarios) used for the calculation is also described there. The chapter Results presents and assesses the RTARC calculations. We may say upon analyses of the results that application of the decision making support programme is beneficial and is practically able to help with efficient protection of citizens in the final effect. For a part of the considered source members evacuation on pre-leak phase cannot be recommended with regard to the quick progress and leakage of radioactive substances into the environment.

In dieser Masterthesis wird erforscht wie der jetzige Kenntnisstand der Sicherheitsfachkräfte zu den Themen solare Exposition, Schutzmaßnahmen und die Akzeptanz der Schutzmaßnahmen durch die Mitarbeiter in den Mitgliedsbetrieben der BG ETEM ist. Diese Themen gewinnen an Bedeutung seit die Berufskrankheit Nummer 5103 in den Anhang 1 der Berufskrankheitenverordnung aufgenommen wurde und die BG ETEM nun für ihre Versicherten auch diesbezüglich präventiv tätig ist. Im Rahmen dieser Masterthesis wurde für die Erforschung des Kenntnisstands ein Fragebogen mit zugehörigem Interviewleitfaden selbst entwickelt. Die anschließenden Befragungen wurden durch den Ersteller in den teilnehmenden Unternehmen persönlich für die Masterthesis vorgenommen. Der Teilnehmerkreis beschränkt sich auf interne Sicherheitsfachkräfte, die in Unternehmen der Branche Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft beschäftigt sind. Erforscht werden neben allgemeinen und betrieblichen Angaben ihr Kenntnisstand zu den Themengebieten Gefährdungsbewusstsein, Gefährdungsbeurteilung, Schutzmaßnahmen und der Informations- und Fortbildungsbedarf. Die Antworten werden mit den eigenen Erwartungen verglichen und Rückschlüsse daraus gezogen. Für die BG ETEM werden die Ergebnisse dieser Masterthesis im Hinblick auf den Präventionsauftrag analysiert. Hierzu werden im Rahmen der Masterthesis auch Vorschläge zu diesen Maßnahmen gemacht. So sollen die Beratungen, Informationsmaterialien und Fortbildungen auf die Präferenzen sowie die vorhandenen Wissenslücken in den Unternehmen zugeschnitten werden, um hier berufsbedingte Neuerkrankungen durch solare Exposition langfristig weitgehend zu verhindern.