A presente dissertação conceitua e analisa o campo do design gráfico socialmente engajado. A partir do levantamento de dados sobre o design gráfico dedicado a ações de melhoria social, constatamos que o cartaz é o principal suporte visual utilizado. Sendo assim, iniciamos este estudo com um panorama da história do cartaz, de modo a comprovar o papel deste suporte gráfico como um reflexo de seu período histórico e da evolução da comunicação visual. Em seguida, apresentamos o design gráfico socialmente engajado através da fundamentação teórica, a partir de textos de pensadores do design, e de um apanhado histórico com exemplos da utilização design gráfico em iniciativas de melhoria social. Ao final, apresentamos um estudo de caso com a análise gráfica de cartazes da campanha contra a guerra do Iraque, de modo a conceituar algumas estratégias visuais utilizadas na linguagem gráfica de protesto. / This MA thesis conceptualizes and analyzes the field of the socially committed graphic design. Throughout the collect of data about graphic design committed to actions of social improvement, we have checked that the poster is the most used visual support. So, we have begun this study with a broad view of the history of the poster as an attempt to prove its role as a reflex of its historical period and the improvement of visual communication. After that, we show the socially committed graphic design through a theoretical foundation by showing texts of design philosophers, and a historical synthesis with examples about the use of graphic design in enterprises of social improvement. To finish, we show a case study with the graphic analysis of posters of the campaign against the war in Iraq, as a way of conceptualizing some visual strategies used in the graphic language of protest.

Este estudo tem como objetivo averiguar os efeitos de sentido produzidos por músicas de hip hop (movimento cultural cultivado nos guetos fluminenses), com base na análise de sua expressão verbal (rap) e em uma consideração experimental de capas de disco. Objetiva-se também investigar, no material artístico de Marcelo D2 e MV Bill, relações sociais engendradas por sujeitos da periferia, em espaços sociais antagônicos (centro e periferia). Para isso, exploramos uma Análise do Discurso de base enunciativa, enfatizando o conceito de etos discursivo, além de noções vinculadas à problemática da alteridade discursiva, a fim de que se analise o posicionamento de entes subjugados perante o descaso a que estão submetidos, e suas impressões sobre as imagens discursivas de marginalizadores. Buscamos apreender etos produzidos por sujeitos do rap, considerando a presença do Outro que fala nele/por ele (alteridade). Nossos procedimentos metodológicos apontam o que levou a considerar o hip hop, além da trajetória seguida na delimitação do corpus. Além disso, expõem-se os motivos que nos fizeram priorizar etos e alteridade discursiva. As análises buscam avaliações sobre a materialidade discursiva, que almejam extrair sentidos produzidos nos guetos. Como resultados, refletimos sobre aspectos inerentes ao contexto social fluminense, ao relacionamento entre sujeitos, lugares e práticas, para que se alarguem considerações sobre essas afinidades, inclusive na escola. Desse modo, ambicionamos que se aprimorem os debates sobre práticas de afirmação social de classes e, através de novas discussões, se intensifiquem as iniciativas sociopolíticas / This research has the aim to analyze the effects of meaning created by hip hop songs produced in this cultural movement cultivated in the ghettos of Rio de Janeiro. The basis of the analysis is the verbal expression (rap) and the design of album covers. Another goal is to investigate, in the artistical material of Marcelo D2 and MV Bill, social relations produced by characters in the suburb, in opposite social spaces (center and suburb). For this purpose, enunciation based Discourse Analysis is used, with emphasis in the discursive ethos concept and in notions associated with the discursive alterity, aiming to study how explored people position themselves and the way they see their discursive image as outsiders. Our goal is also to apprehend the ethos produced by people involved with rap, considering the Other that talks about/through them (alterity). The methodological procedure explains why and how hip hop was chosen as corpus, and why ethos was the concept elected to guide the research. The analysis search for conclusions about the discursive materiality, willing to extract senses produced in the ghettos. As result, there are reflections about specific aspects of the social context in Rio de Janeiro, about the relationships between people, places and practices, in order that there may be a wider consideration about this sort of relations, even in schools. With this project we aim to enhance the debates about social classes affirmation practices and intensify sociopolitical initiatives trough the new discussions that are here proposed

This paper does a profound description of the legal framework and its recent modifications related to the State’s use of force in socio-environmental conflicts. This analysis emphasizes in law’s violent nature as a theoretic approach that intends on showing the way that the legal system, instead of defending rights, violates them. The methodology is dogmatic when analyzing law and other legal documents, and interdisciplinary when comparing laws with evidence gathered in interviews, participant observation, documents and databases. The objective its to characterize critically the complex legal framework that articulates the politics that leads to the criminalization of social protests against extractive industries in Peru. / El artículo hace una descripción profunda del marco normativo y sus modificaciones recientes con relación al uso de la fuerza estatal en conflictos socioambientales. Pone énfasis en la naturaleza violenta del derecho como enfoque teórico e intenta mostrar de qué manera el sistema jurídico, antes que garante, es productor de violaciones a los derechos humanos. La metodología empleada es, por un lado, dogmática cuando analiza normas y otros documentos legales y, por otro, interdisciplinaria cuando compara leyes con evidencia recogida en entrevistas, observación participante, documentos y bases de datos. El objetivo es caracterizar críticamente el complejo entramado legal que articula la política de criminalización de las protestas sociales contra industrias extractivas en el Perú.

abstract: ABSTRACT As a response to the banning of Ethnic Studies in the Tucson Unified School district and other oppressing forces within the movement the students fighting HB 2281 created a Sacred Xicana Space. In this thesis I will examine the role that protest art has in the fight against HB2281. I will also analyze its role in cultural expression, identity and representation. The research question guiding this research is What role does protest art have in social justice? Specifically I will analyze the cultural production of protest art against HB 2281, the ethnic studies ban in Tucson Arizona, and its role in cultural expression, identity and representation. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Social Justice and Human Rights 2014

Orientador: Jose Alves de Freitas Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T15:32:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Padua_DaniloDestro_M.pdf: 851556 bytes, checksum: 7abffeb056882ad1557d48b627090983 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho faz uma análise das transformações políticas ocorridas na Argentina no período de 1989-2001. Ocorreram mudanças no movimento peronista e na condução da política econômica no período da ditadura militar (1976-1983) e governo de Raúl Alfonsín (1983-1989) que foram se aprofundando durante o governo de Carlos Menem. Essas mutações se relacionam com o surgimento do movimento dos piqueteros e novas formas de ação política da sociedade Argentina que tiveram seu auge durante as jornadas da chamada crise de 2001. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

Essa pesquisa se filia à concepÃÃo de COSTA (2001) de que o discurso literomusical enquanto prÃtica discursiva serve de referÃncia para os sujeitos, como legitimador de verdades e disseminador de maneiras de como esses sujeitos interagem com a realidade, com os outros sujeitos e com eles prÃprios. Essa nossa associaÃÃo ao pensamento de Costa(2001) recrudesce ainda mais posto que o escopo de nosso projeto foram as canÃÃes engajadas, de protesto, ou neoprotesto da comunidade discursiva do rock80, o chamado Brock, momento musical de grande inserÃÃo no meio da juventude, onde o discurso alheio dos rockeiros serviu de alteridade e em muito se confundiu com a palavra autoral dessa juventude lhe modificando idÃias, maneira de pensar, sentir e agir. A teoria de base que norteou o nosso trabalho foi a AnÃlise do Discurso de linha francesa, material teÃrico fornecido por Dominique Maingueneau(2001). Nossa pesquisa se propÃs a investigar as categorias ethos, cenografia e cÃdigo lingÃÃstico no discurso dessas canÃÃes, tendo como referencial o engajamento seminal da linha de protesto das canÃÃes da dÃcada de sessenta, escolhendo canÃÃes matrizes emblemÃticas do cancioneiro de Geraldo VandrÃ, Zà KÃti e SÃrgio Ricardo. Comprovamos o engajamento das canÃÃes rockeiras de 80 via materialidade lingÃÃstica expressa no cÃdigo, na captaÃÃo do ethos de seus enunciadores quando da construÃÃo da cenografia. A pesquisa esclareceu e comprovou nossa posiÃÃo inicial acerca da existÃncia das marcas de protesto nos dois gestos enunciativos: tanto na comunidade literomusical dos anos sessenta quanto na tribo rockeira de 80, aquela deixando sua marca registrada em preto e branco, de forma analÃgica, e esta pontuando no seu discurso o colorido e o formato digital. Usando uma linguagem midiÃtica visual, apenas os formatos à que se emprestaram subservientes ao protesto das canÃÃes. / This research joins Costaâs (2001) conception that the literary and musical speech as a discursive practice serves as a reference to the subjects, legitimizing truths and spreading ways how those subjects interact with reality, with other subjects and with themselves. Our association with Costasâs mind increased further when the objective of our project was defined as the engaged songs and the songs of protest and neoprotest of the speech community of rock80, called Brock, a musical moment with great integration of youth, when the amused discourse of the rockers served as interaction and was confused with the copyright word of those young people, changing their ideas and the way they thought, felt and acted. The theory that guided our paper was the Speech Analysis by French line, the theoretic material provided by Maingueneau (2001). Our research set out to investigate the following categories ethos, set design and linguistics code in the speech of those songs, taking as reference the seminal engagement of the protest line which was in the songs of the sixties, choosing original songs of Geraldo VandrÃ, Zà KÃti e SÃrgio Ricardo as emblem. In this paper, we proved the involvement of rock songs of eighties observing the linguistics materiality inside the code, at the capture of its ethos by those speakers, which was reflected in the construction of the scenery. The research clarified and confirmed our initial position about the existence of marks of protest in both the gestures: the literary and musical community of the sixties and the rock tribe of eighties, as well. The first one left its trademark in an analog, black and white speech, whereas the last one left its speech in a colorful, digital format. Using a visual media language, only the formats were subservient to the protest of those songs.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como, ao longo das décadas de 1960 e 70, artistas ligados à canção engajada conceberam projetos de integração da América Latina por meio da canção, e como esses projetos resultaram no estabelecimento de uma série de conexões transnacionais. Neste período, os impactos da Guerra Fria tiveram como consequência um contexto político fortemente polarizado, o que afetou diretamente o campo cultural e, especialmente, o campo artístico. As experiências políticas comuns favoreceram as trocas de ideias e a intensa circulação de artistas por todo o continente, permitindo o estabelecimento de uma série de contatos e diálogos. Utilizando como fonte principal a discografia dos mais destacados artistas de cada país, o objetivo á analisar essa história de conexões transnacionais na canção engajada latino-americana focalizando três fases distintas: a) a primeira, entre 1963 e 1966, momento de formação e consolidação dos movimentos de nueva canción no Cone Sul, em que o engajamento se manifestou fundamentalmente por meio da crítica social; b) a segunda, entre 1967 e 1969, marcada pelos impactos do I Encuentro de la Canción Protesta, realizado em Cuba, que resultou no destaque de dois temas importantes: a revolução e o anti-imperialismo; c) a terceira, que compreende a década de 1970, período marcado pela radicalização dos discursos políticos, pela intensificação das conexões e também pelas tentativas de inserção dos artistas brasileiros nos circuitos da canção engajada latino-americana. / The objective of this research is to analyze the Latin America integration project conceived by the artists involved with the protest song in the 1960s and 1970s. In this period, the impact of Cold War resulted in a polarized debate that affected the cultural field, and especially the artistic field. The common political experiences favored the exchange of ideas and the intense movement of artists across the continent. Using the most prominent artists discography as source, the purpose is to analyze three moments of the history of \"transnational connections\" in the protest song in Latin American: a) the first, between 1963 and 1966, time of development and consolidation of nueva canción movement in the Southern Cone, when the engagement was manifested fundamentally by social criticism; b) the second, between 1967 and 1969, marked by the impact of the I Encuentro de la Canción Protesta held in Cuba, that highlighted two important themes: revolution and anti-imperialism; c) the third, which comprises the 1970s, a period marked by the radicalization of political discourse and by the intensification of connections. Especially in this third phase, I analyze the Brazilian artists efforts to integrate the circuits of Latin American protest song.

One of the most significant acts of protest against the rule of Vladimir Putin was staged by the punk group Pussy Riot in Christ the Saviour’s Cathedral in Moscow in February 2012. The protest was one of several actions during the last decade where Russian artists had questioned the role of the Russian Orthodox Church, but this time the role of the Church in relation to the State rule was directly highlighted. This caused strong reactions internationally and in Russia, and there is a need to look into the arguments used in the debate in detail, using discourse analysis. This thesis, therefore, investigates what discourses the most prominent stakeholders – the Church, the State and Pussy Riot – rely on in the public debate around the Pussy Riot performance and the trial. Interconnections between different discourses are also investigated in order to gain a better insight into how religion, politics and popular culture interact in Russia today. The most important conclusion in this thesis is that religion and religious discourse affect legal and political practices in Russia today in ways that are not normally expected in a modern and secular state.

Magister Legum - LLM / This study is a response to the dilemma of poor service delivery or the lack thereof. In this regard, this study posits the professionalisation of local government as part of the solution. The focus is on the administrative arm of local government, which is the major conduit for service delivery. Professionalisation of local government is a broader theme. For the present purposes, focus will be devoted to the competency component which entails attracting qualified personnel competent to discharge local government responsibilities. However, it is not limited to attracting already competent and professional staff. It also entails developing the skills of existing staff. This definition, in essence, relates to qualification through training, learning and specialisation.11 In essence, professionalisation of local government ensures that all employees act and behave in a professional way. In this regard, this study seeks to identify the competency standards set by the legislative framework and then explore the legal avenues for enforcing compliance, by the municipal administration, with such standards. This requires one to look at and answer the following questions: What constitutes municipal staff? ; What is the content of the competency framework in question? ; What are the enforcement mechanisms currently in place? ; Whose role is it to enforce compliance with the competency framework?; Broadly speaking, enforcement can take two forms: hard enforcement and soft enforcement. The hard form of enforcement relates to giving incentives for compliance with the competency framework and dismissal for non-compliance. Softer enforcement, in turn, relates to correction and monitoring. / South Africa

Ce travail propose une analyse de la mobilisation citoyenne autour du projet de LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse sur une période de dix ans. La mise en place du débat public par la CNDP en 2005 constitue une étape permettant à la population de prendre connaissance de l'existence d'un projet LGV. Ce premier débat public n'engage aucun tracé précis, l'enjeu est essentiellement de statuer sur l'opportunité d'une LGV entre Bordeaux et Toulouse. Progressivement, une mobilisation se structure. Cependant, nous montrons que la mobilisation n'est pas homogène tout au long du tracé et dépend du contexte local. Il n'y a que dans le Bordelais où les citoyens se mobilisent et participent au débat public organisé par la CNDP pour contester le projet LGV. En 2009, le maître d'ouvrage, RFF, met en place un nouveau dispositif participatif : la concertation dite " GPSO " (Grand Projet du Sud-Ouest). L'enjeu de cette nouvelle procédure participative vise, cette fois-ci, l'élaboration d'un tracé précis. La proposition d'un tracé par le maître d'ouvrage contribue à généraliser la contestation relative à la LGV au-delà du Bordelais. En effet, lors du débat public de 2005 la question de l'opportunité du projet a été tranchée, ce que remettent en cause les groupes civiques de Bordeaux à Toulouse. Dans le Lot-et-Garonne, notamment, de nombreuses associations d'opposants voient le jour et s'organisent en collectif, la Coordination 47. Ces associations se structurent et s'entendent pour proposer un projet alternatif. Contrairement au maître d'ouvrage qui souhaite la création de nouvelles voies, la Coordination 47 défend, quant à elle, la possibilité de réhabiliter les voies existantes. La Coordination 47 s'engage alors dans d'importantes actions de sensibilisation de la population afin de favoriser la participation des citoyens à l'enquête publique qui se déroule en 2014. Les militants ont obtenu gain de cause : la participation du " public " a été soutenue et la commission d'enquête a rendu un avis défavorable. A ce jour, le gouvernement n'a pas encore rendu sa décision. / This work proposes an analysis of the mobilization citizen around the project of "LGV Bordeaux-Toulouse" over a period of ten years. The implementation of the public debate by CNDP in 2005 establishes a stage allowing the population to acquaint with the existence of a project LGV. This first public debate engages no precise plan, the stake is essentially to rule on the opportunity of a LGV between Bordeaux and Toulouse. Gradually, a mobilization forms itself. However, we show that the mobilization is not homogeneous throughout the plan and depends on the local context. There are that in the "Bordelais" only the citizens mobilize and participate in the public debate organized by CNDP to dispute the LGV project. In 2009, the project owner, RFF, sets up a new participative procedure: the said dialogue "GPSO" (Big Project of the Southwest). The stake in this new participative procedure aims, this time, at the elaboration of a precise plan. The proposal of a plan by project owner contributes to generalize the contesting relative to the LGV beyond the "Bordelais". Indeed, during the public debate of 2005 the question of the opportunity of the project was cut, what question the civic groups from Bordeaux to Toulouse. In Lot-et-Garonne, in particular, a lot of opponents associations are born and get organized in collective, the Coordination 47. These associations form themselves and get on to propose an alternative project. Contrary to the project owner who wishes the creation of new ways, the Coordination 47 defends the possibility of rehabilitating the existing ways. The Coordination 47 makes a commitment then in important awareness-raising activities of the population to favor the participation of the citizens in the public inquiry which takes place in 2014. The activists were proved right: the participation of the "public" was supported and the commission of inquiry returned an unfavorable opinion. To date, the government has not taken its decision yet.