El mundo y el Perú viene pasando un momento crítico contra la pandemia Covid-19, ocasionando muchos cambios en el día a día de las personas debido al cambio de trabajo presencial hacia el trabajo remoto, así como también, el hecho que la economía se vio afectada en muchas familias por una la baja del salario o simplemente porque la empresa donde laboraban suspendió sus actividades. Este comportamiento incrementó un problema en la salud mental de jóvenes y adultos en el Perú. Para determinar si era factible seguir con el modelo de negocio se realizó una entrevista de profundidad a 20 personas de los distritos de San Isidro, Santiago de Surco, Miraflores, Chorrillos, Barranco, La Molina entre las edades de 25 a 55 años de los niveles socioeconómicos A, B y C. Es por ello que, se crea Centro de Bienestar Psicológico AyudArte, la cual cuenta con psicólogos especialistas en la materia para dar un servicio las 24 horas del día los 7 días de la semana, a través de consultas presencial, virtual y a domicilio. El Centro de Bienestar Psicológico AyudArte, tiene un plan de expansión de mercado a todo el Perú y a nivel Latinoamérica. / The world and Peru has been going through a critical moment against the Covid-19 pandemic, causing many changes in people's daily lives due to the change from face-to-face work to remote work, as well as the fact that the economy was seen affected in many families by a drop in wages or simply because the company where they worked suspended its activities. This behavior increased a problem in the mental health of youth and adults in Peru. To determine if it was feasible to continue with the business model, an in-depth interview was conducted with 20 people from the districts of San Isidro, Santiago de Surco, Miraflores, Chorrillos, Barranco, La Molina between the ages of 25 to 55 years of the levels socioeconomic A, B and C. AyudArte Psychological Wellbeing Center was created, which has psychologists specializing in the matter to provide a service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, through face-to-face, virtual and home consultations. AyudArte Psychological Wellbeing Center has a market expansion plan to all of Peru and Latin America / Trabajo de investigación

The aim for this paper is to study how mystics can be seen as religious psychologists. It does so by describing and comparing Thomas Merton (1915–1968) and Ramana Maharshi (1879–1950), two mystics from the western-Christian respectively the eastern-Hindu faith. The essay focuses on the mystics understanding about three notions. These are (1) the self, (2) self-realization and (3) the ultimate reality. It does so through the eyes of another 20th century soul searcher: Carl G Jung. The theory that's used is Jungian psychology and is meant to facilitate a tool for describing the mystics' understanding about the notions. It brings the purpose to explain the mystics teachings about the soul, which is the literate meaning of the word ‘psychology’. As such, a discussion is being made about how the mystics can be seen as religious psychologists, because of their use of religious terms and teachings based on mystical experiences. A closer look at the similarities between Jung and the mystics, as well as the impact their teachings have on human well-being, show how they can in fact be seen as religious psychologists. An argument against it is that mystical experiences cannot be proven with a materialistic worldview based on science. However, I discuss that just as some psychological theories and hypotheses cannot be proven by empirical means but are rather judged on the effect it has, so can mysticism also be seen as a religious psychology.

Psykologer har ett brett uppdrag vid särskilda ungdomshem. Trots det saknas det i nuläget forskning som undersöker särskilda ungdomshem utifrån psykologernas perspektiv. Syftet med förevarande studie var att öka kunskapen och förståelsen för psykologers erfarenheter av att arbeta vid särskilda ungdomshem samt vilka möjligheter och svårigheter som följer med yrkesrollen. Tio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades utifrån tematisk analys. Analysen resulterade i tre huvudteman: Psykolog vid särskilda ungdomshem - en mångfacetterad roll, Ett utmanande vård- och behandlingsuppdrag samt Spänningar inom ramen för tvångsvård. Resultatet visade att deltagarna beskrev att psykologrollen kan variera mellan olika institutioner och att det inte finns en enhetlig mall för vad det innebär att arbeta som psykolog vid särskilda ungdomshem. Deltagarna i studien uppgav att psykologerna har en unik kompetens som behövs vid särskilda ungdomshem för att skapa förståelse för ungdomarna och underlätta för övrig personal i deras arbete. Resultatet visade att de utmaningar deltagarna beskrev i vård- och behandlingsarbetet kunde förklaras utifrån den svårbehandlade målgruppen, tvångsvårdkontexten- och institutionsmiljön, brister i själva behandlingsarbetet men även yttre faktorer så som avsaknaden av andra vårdformer samt problem i samverkan med barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin eller socialtjänsten. Svårigheterna i vård- och behandlingsarbetet samt tvångsvårdkontexten beskrevs som etiskt utmanande av deltagarna. Arbetet med ungdomarna sågs samtidigt som positivt och meningsfullt. / Psychologists have a broad mission in special youth homes. Research regarding psychologists working in special youth homes is lacking. The purpose of this study was to increase the knowledge and understanding of psychologists' experiences of working at special youth homes and the opportunities and difficulties that are included in the professional role. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed based on thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in three main themes: Psychologist in special youth homes – a multifaceted role, A challenging care- and treatment assignment and Tensions within the framework of compulsory care. The results showed that the participants description of the professional role of psychologist can vary between different institutions and that there is no homogeneous template for what it means to work as a psychologist at special youth homes. The participants in the study stated that psychologists have a unique competence that is needed to benefit both adolescents and other staff. The challenges within care and treatment described by the participants were linked to the difficult target group, the compulsory care context and the institutional environment, but also external factors such as lack of other forms of care and difficulties in collaboration with child psychiatry and social services. The caregiving context was seen as ethically challenging by the participants, as it involves a major intervention in young people's lives. The work involving the adolescents was seen as positive and meaningful, which the participants emphasized.

Psykisk ohälsa ses som ett folkhälsoproblem bland barn och ungdomar. Psykiska besvär tidigt i livet ökar risken för suicidförsök. I åldersgruppen 10–19 år begår ungefär 50–60 personer suicid per år i Sverige. Psykologer på barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin (BUP) arbetar bland annat med suicidnära barn och ungdomar. Syftet med studien var att undersöka psykologers upplevelse av att arbeta med suicidnära barn och ungdomar. Studien har även ämnat till att undersöka vilket stöd organisationen erbjuder psykologerna i arbetet med suicidnära barn och ungdomar samt hur stödet upplevs. Sju psykologer på BUP intervjuades med semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med tematisk analys. Majoriteten av deltagarna upplevde arbetet med suicidnära barn och ungdomar som ensamt, utmanande och emotionellt belastande samt att känslorna följde med efter arbetstid. Stödet från organisationen beskrevs som svagt och bestod oftast av handledning, riktlinjer och utbildning. Det kollegiala stödet upplevdes som bra men otillräckligt. Det stöd som psykologerna upplevde som viktigast att få från organisationen var emotionellt stöd. Slutsatsen var att psykologerna upplever en obalans i arbetskrav och arbetsresurser som har resulterat i känslor som stress och oro. Förslag till framtida forskning är att studera patienternas och ledningens perspektiv på BUP samt jämföra arbetet på privatiserade BUP för att undersöka skillnader i upplevelse och stöd från organisationen. / Mental illness is seen as a public health problem among children and adolescents. Mental disorders early in life increase the risk of suicide attempts. In Sweden, approximately 50 to 60 people between the ages of 10 and 19 commit suicide each year. Among other things, psychologists in child and adolescent psychiatry (BUP) work with suicidal children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine psychologists' experiences of working with suicidal children and adolescents. The study also aimed to investigate what organizational support is offered to psychologists working with suicidal children and adolescents and how the support is experienced. Semi-structured interviews of seven psychologists in BUP were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis. The majority of the participants experienced their work with suicidal children and adolescents as lonely, challenging, and emotionally draining and that these emotions followed them home after working hours. The organizational support was described as weak and usually consisted of supervision, guidelines, and training. The support from colleagues was perceived as good but insufficient. The organizational support that psychologists felt was most important to receive was emotional support. The conclusion was that psychologists experience an imbalance in professional demands and resources that has resulted in emotions such as stress and anxiety. Suggestions for future research are to study patient and management perspectives on BUP and compare existing research with the work in privatized BUP to see if there are differences in experiences and organizational support.

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Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2023 / With the realisation that both the traditional and western health care systems are consulted in South Africa, the Traditional Health Practitioners Act, No 22 of 2007 was promulgated. In addition to the Act, there was a growing body of literature proposing the integration of the two health systems to improve the overall South African health system. This study explored the possibility for such collaboration by investigating case formulation by western-trained clinical psychologists and traditional health practitioners regarding selected cases of mental disorders. A qualitative research design, specifically a case study method was used in the present study. Six clinical psychologists and six traditional health practitioners were selected through purposive sampling and were requested to participate in the study. The researcher further sampled two vignettes of Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia for data collection purposes. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and vignettes and analysed through Braun and Clarke‟s thematic content analysis steps. Six main themes that related to case formulations by clinical psychologists emerged. These themes were: a). Collateral information as a major determinant in the assessment and treatment of mental illness; b). Classifications of mental illness; c). The symptomatology of mental illness; d). Causes of mental illness; e). The multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of mental illness; and f). Views regarding the collaboration of Clinicians and Traditional Health Practitioners. On the other hand, eight themes that related to the case formulations by traditional health practitioners were identified. These themes were: a) Divination as the main process of enquiry, b) Descriptive names of mental illnesses, c) Conceptualisations of stress related and depressive disorders by Traditional Health Practitioners, d) Views on causes of mental illness, e) The effectiveness of the Western approach in the treatment of some forms of mental illness, f) The relationship between religion and African traditional practices; g) A calling as symbolised by symptoms of mental illness, and, h) Traditional health practitioners‟ views on the collaboration between themselves and western health practitioners. The study has further revealed that there are some similarities as well as differences in the way clinical psychologists and traditional health practitioners formulate cases. The convergences in their formulations were revealed in the following themes; a). The conceptualisation of stress and related conditions; b). The western system is the most appropriate in the management of stress-related and depressive disorders and c). The benefits of the collaboration between western and African healing systems. The following divergences were further identified from the way clinical psychologists and traditional health practitioners formulate their cases: a). The conceptualisation of the presenting symptoms from the two cases; b). The causal factors of mental health conditions; c). The initial methods of enquiry; and d). The management of mental health conditions. The study has further revealed that both traditional health practitioners and clinical psychologists have positive views regarding the collaboration of western and African traditional health systems, especially in the management of mental disorders. The study has further uncovered the convergences and divergences in the conceptualisation of mental health conditions between traditional health practitioners and clinical psychologists.

Bakgrund: Psykolog är ett dokumenterat bristyrke i de flesta svenska regioner, trots att antalet utexaminerade ökat. Samtidigt finns intention att lämna yrket för en knapp femtedel av psykologer tre år efter examen. Tankar på att lämna yrket är den tydligaste prediktorn för att lämna yrket. Forskning har visat att en rad faktorer påverkar tankar på att lämna yrket. Syfte: (1) Undersöka faktorer som relateras till processen att lämna yrket hos psykologer, samt hur dessa relateras till varandra. (2) Undersöka vad de som lämnat yrket ser som bidragande till sitt beslut. Metod: Kvantitativ enkätdata som insamlats från nyexaminerade psykologer (n = 603) analyserades med korrelations- samt regressionsanalys, med tankar på att lämna yrket som beroende variabel. Kvalitativ enkätdata (n = 35) analyserades med innehållsanalys. Resultat: Regressionsanalys visade att övergång mellan studier och arbete, arbetstillfredsställelse samt arbetstempo påverkade tankar på att lämna. Även stressymptom tillförde viss förklaringsgrad. Bilden som växte fram i den kvalitativa analysen var att beslutet att lämna var komplicerat med blandade känslor. Främst arbetsmiljö, emotionell påverkan och engagemang för yrket angavs bidragande till beslutet att lämna. Anledningar att stanna kretsade i stället kring trygghet, kärnan i yrket samt belåtenhet. Slutsats: En fungerande övergång mellan studier och arbetsliv med tillräckligt mellanmänskligt stöd hade relevans för tankar på att lämna, så väl som andra arbetsmiljöfaktorer. / Background: Psychologist is an in-demand job in most Swedish regions, despite an increase in graduates. Simultaneously, three years after graduating a scant fifth of psychologists had intentions to leave the profession. Thoughts of leaving the profession is the clearest predictor of actually leaving. Research has shown a multitude of factors to be affecting thoughts of leaving the profession. Aim: (1) Examine factors related to the process of leaving the profession, as well as how these factors can be related to each other. (2) Examine what those who have already left the profession view as contributory to their decision. Method: Quantitative survey data that was collected from psychologists up to three years post-graduation (n = 603) was analyzed using correlation- and regression analysis, using thoughts of leaving the profession as the dependent variable. The qualitative survey data (n = 35) was analyzed using content analysis. Results: The regression analysis showed that work-study transition, work satisfaction and work tempo affected thoughts of leaving the profession. Symptoms of stress also added some explained variance. The picture that emerged from qualitative analysis was that the decision to leave was complicated with mixed emotions. Mainly work environment, emotional impact and engagement for the profession were contributing factors regarding the decision to leave. Reasons to stay in the profession referenced security, core of the profession as well as contentment. Conclusion: An adequate work-study transition, with sufficient interpersonal support was of relevance to thinking about leaving, as well as additional aspects of work environment.