O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa a partir da teoria das abordagens dos papéis proposta por Mintzberg e sua possibilidade de descrever o trabalho do dirigente, tendo como unidade de análise o setor da construção civil e o contexto de obras públicas. A pequena empresa é vital para a economia dos países. Da mesma forma, a indústria da construção civil contribui com significativo percentual do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do Brasil e de diversos países, sejam desenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. Embora apresentem-se como relevantes áreas de estudo - a pequena empresa e a indústria da construção civil - carecem de uma melhor análise integrada de suas inter-relações. Na primeira etapa da pesquisa foi realizado um mapeamento sistemático (MS), em uma base de dados de periódicos indexados, para levantar o estado da arte do tema da pesquisa: o dirigente da pequena empresa. Para explorar a questão da pesquisa foi desenvolvido questionário estruturado dividido em duas partes fundamentais. A primeira para obter dados qualitativos (nominais e ordinais) e quantitativos (discretos e contínuos). A segunda parte para identificar a incidência de cada um dos dez papéis propostos por Mintzberg, utilizando modelo categórico de resposta - escala Likert de cinco pontos. A amostra da pesquisa é composta por 39 dirigentes (n = 39) de empresas que entre 2013 e 2015 executaram obras civis - subsetor edificações - para empresa pública da esfera Federal via licitação pública. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio das médias de frequência obtidas e testes de análise de variância (ANOVA) entre as variáveis (primeira parte do questionários e papéis desempenhados pelo dirigente - segunda parte). Como resultado constata-se que dirigentes de empresas de construção civil inseridos no contexto de obras públicas desempenham atividades fundamentalmente relacionadas aos níveis de atuação interpessoal e decisório. Os papéis de líder e contato, ao nível interpessoal, e os papéis de alocador de recursos e negociador, ao nível decisório, são desempenhados com maior frequência pelo dirigente da amostra, representando grande parte do seu dia a dia de atuação. Das variáveis analisadas, a idade do dirigente (para os papéis de contato e disseminador), a estrutura organizacional da empresa (para o papel de disseminador), o percentual de contratos firmados com a Administração Pública em relação ao total de contratos firmados no período de um ano (para o papel de porta-voz) e a capacidade financeira da empresa (para o papel de porta-voz) apresentaram significância estatística, indicando a associação com a variável resposta da pesquisa - o papel desempenhado pelo dirigente da pequena empresa de construção civil. Comprova-se que a abordagem dos papéis de Mintzberg é capaz de explicar o trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa de construção civil, constatado pelas médias de frequência apresentadas nos três níveis de atuação e dos papéis desempenhados, além das significâncias estatísticas apontadas pela ANOVA. As inferências realizadas contribuem para uma melhor compreensão integrada do trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa de construção civil inserido no contexto de obras públicas e melhoria de sua gestão. / This study\'s aim is to analyze the small business owner-manager\'s work regarding the public civil construction sector grounded on Mintzberg\'s managerial roles and its possibility to describe the owner-manager\'s work. Small businesses are vital to a country\'s economy. Likewise, the civil construction industry contributes to a high GDP percentage in Brazil and other countries as well, whether developed or not. Although these two topics are relevant areas of study - civil construction industry and small business - its integration is not very much understood. A sistematic mapping was conducted in the first phase. The used database, in which the articles are indexed, established the state of art for the research theme: small business owner-manager. To analyze the research question, a structured questionnaire was created. It was divided in two fundamental parts. The first one to obtain qualitative data (nominal and ordinal) and quantitative (discrete and continuous). The second one to indentify the incidence of one of each Mintzberg\'s ten managerial work roles using a categorical response model, the five point Likert scale. The sample consists in 39 (n=39) small business owner-managers who worked in public civil construction in a Federal bureau between the years of 2013 and 2015 by bidding. The data analysis was performed by the mean and frequencies obteined and by comparison between variables - first part of the questionnaire and the owner-managers roles - using an analysis variance (ANOVA). Findings reveal that the small business owner-managers perform roles grounded on interpersonal and decision making levels. The leader and leaison roles, at the interpersonal level, and the resource allocator and negociator roles, at the decision making level, are the ones the owner-managers spend more time performing. The owner-manager\'s age (for leaison and disseminator roles), the organizational configuration (for the disseminator role), the percentage of the signed contratcs within the Public Administration with the total of the signed contracts between a year period (for the spokesperson role) and the business financial capacity (for the spokesperson role) are statistically significant, showing direct relationship with the response variable - the owner-mager\'s work. The results also support that Mintzberg\'s managerial rolles is able to explain the small business owner-manager\'s work, verified by means and frequencies and the ANOVA comparison. This study contibutes to a deeper and integrated understanding about the small business owner-manager in the public civil construction sector.

This thesis deals with joint procedure to grant planning and building permission. The thesis' aim is to summarize the legal development of the joint procedure to grant planning and building permission between the years 2007 and 2018 and to focus on its problematic aspects, which are relevant in legal regulations, and subsequently to describe the possibilities for their appropriate solution. The sub goal of this thesis includes the outline of possible changes in connection with an envisaged recodification of the Czech Public Construction Law, in which the joint procedure to grant planning and building permission plays a key role. This thesis is divided into four main chapters aiming to cover the joint procedure to grant planning and building permission. The first chapter covers an introduction to the joint procedure to grant planning and building permission and focus on the relationship between the Act No. 500/2004 Coll., Administrative Act, as amended and the Act No. 183/2006 Coll., on Town and Country Planning and Building Code (Building Act), as amended. This chapter further aims at defining the basic principles which are necessary for the joint procedure to grant planning and building permission. The purpose of the second chapter is to provide a general comprehensive overview of the legal...

公民參與是民主化程度的重要指標。對於公共建設而言，因為公共建設要解決的問題涵蓋面較廣，從概念構想經過可行性研究、規劃、設計、施工、使用、營運的期程較長，總經費也高。公共建設牽涉的利害關係人層面較廣，以往民眾參與困難，近年來民眾要求更深入的參與，除了環保、生態的顧慮之外，對於建設要解決的問題、建設目標、建設方式、建設內容、替代方案的選擇都要求參與。深度化參與之後，政府機關推動公共建設的難度也提高，對於公共建設的決策模式也需要考量增加公民參與的程度。 新公共服務的主要核心概念是將「人」作為公共政策的核心，重視公民的參與過程勝於行政本身重視的績效。強調與民眾分享權力，共同解決問題之外，公務人員更需要著重治理過程負責參與的角色，在民主、社區、公共利益系統中建構公民參與及責任共承的架構。公共建設所追求的公共利益是經過公民不斷地對話、價值分享而形成。公民的對話內容因涉及公共建設的專業性、不確定性與複雜程度，因而對於公共建設計畫執行交易頻率的高低產生不同的效果。 本研究發現：公民參與公共建設適合前階段為完全參與；後階段為形式參與。前階段是指公共建設生命週期的企劃調查階段、規劃階段和使用管理階段，以建設功能探討、自然現象科學調查、住民經驗蒐集、公民偏好討論為主；後階段是指公共建設生命週期的設計階段、工程採購階段和施工竣工階段，以專業技術團隊的技術工作為主，透過細部設計圖、工程規範、施工標準的表現，移轉給施工廠商以誠實、成熟的工藝技術達成公民所託付的公共建設完成。辦理公共建設的公務人員具有新公共服務的核心概念—服務公民而不是顧客，願意與民眾分享權力，後現代公共行政需要公民參與來啟動解決問題的過程。公民參與對於公共建設的執行效率初步是降低的，但是整體效率可能是提昇。沒有公民支持的公共建設是無法執行。公共建設的專業技術團隊要增進公民參與首先要以公民為公共建設的主人，接著要設法以模型、3D影像等新方式，讓民眾易於明瞭公共建設的內容，來增進公民參與程度。專業技術團隊要忠實的幫利害關係人推估出各個替選方案的優勢和缺點，提供民眾充分討論了解以利明智選擇。 / Citizen participation is one of the most important indexs about degree of democratic development.For the complexity of public construction, from the original concept, feasibility study, planning, design, implementation to the operation, it takes time and cost a lot. Citizen participation in public construction is not a easy way to involve in many issues such as environment protection, ecology, construction content, the alternatives. There are more difficulties in decision making to public construction the more deeply degree of citizen participation. The “people” is the core concern in public policy from a view of the New Public Service. Sharing power and co-solving problem with the public, civil servant needs building a structure between democratic, community and public interests during the governance process. The public interests for the public construction come from the dialogue of the public and sharing values. The contents of public dialogue about the public construction are professional, uncertainty and complexity. It makes different effects when the trade-off frequence in public construction is changed. The Study found that the most suitable access about citizen participation in public construction is fully participated in pre-stage of construction and tokenism participation in late-stage of construction. The pre-stage of public construction life cycle is from investigation to planning and the operation. The late-stage of public construction life cycle is from design, implementation and completion. The civil servant who is in charge of public construction knows that serve in the public not customer, sharing power with the public and encourage citizen participation to solve problems. Efficiency in public construction pre-stage is lower than ever for the citizen participation, but it is grown up in public construction late-stage for the citizen participation. The professional engineers must translate their planning into easy understanding by model or 3-Dimension drawing. Be a faithful designer to serve in the public in order to make a good choice in public construction.

公共工程是國家重要施政項目之ㄧ，所提供的服務品質關係著國家經濟發展甚鉅。台灣地處亞熱帶及環太平洋地震帶，颱風、洪水、地震發生頻繁，公共工程的服務品質受天然災害的威脅甚大。近年來天災頻仍，面對天然災害所帶來的經濟損失，有許多國家已經開始透過保險方式，處理已完工公共工程遭受天然災害威脅時的財務風險，以減輕國家財政負擔，進而更合理的分配國家資源。 本研究將透過台灣地區天然災害發生的情形及我國目前在公共工程遭遇天然災害而毀損時的因應方式探討天然災害損失對我國財政的負擔；並介紹國際上主要再保險公司：瑞士再保險公司、慕尼黑再保險公司有關完工土木工程保險的承保範圍、核保方式，與東亞日本、南亞印度兩個國家經營完工土木工程保險的現況。 本研究並整理歸納透過商業保險來進行已完工公共工程的天災風險規劃雖較現行單以國庫承擔損失方式經濟，但可能面臨政府機關態度消極及產險業者承保能量不足兩個關鍵議題。惟以澳洲昆士蘭水患為例，慮及不可知的天災風險，仍建議政府機關能率同商業保險業者共同建立完整的已完工公共工程風險管理機制，攜手降低天災風險發生時可能帶來的傷害。 關鍵字：公共工程、天然災害、完工土木工程保險。 / Public Construction Works are always considered as one of the important national economic developing strategy. In view of Taiwan is located in the region which is highly exposed to natural disasters such as typhoon, flood and earthquake, the quality of the after service related to the Civil Engineering Completed Works is greatly threatened by the natural disasters. In recent years, there were many natural disasters occurred, in order to minimize the economic loss brought by such disasters, many countries have begun to arrange insurance placement for the Civil Engineering Completed Works to share the financial risks. This study introduces the loss circumstances of the public engineering works brought by the natural disaster and the impact of the economic growth in Taiwan. The major international re-insurers: Swiss Re and Munich Re both provide the Civil Engineering Completed Risks (CECR) Insurance to against the loss or damage after the construction work has been completed. This study introduces the difference coverage and underwriting as compared in between Swiss Re Form and Munich Re Form. This study also illustrates the current status in respect of CECR in Japan and India markets. This research induces a more economic method by arranging the Catastrophe Risks Plan through the placement by commercial insurance for the Civil Engineering Completed Works rather than the existing regulations that all these disasters bond by the government. Moreover, it also facing two problems are that the government is too conservative and the negative attitude as well as the in-sufficient capacity of the local insurance industry. For example, the serious flooding occurred in Queensland- Australia, the government should take into consideration how to prevent from the incredible natural disaster risks. We do suggest the government should corporate with local insurance industry to establish an completed risks management for Civil Engineering Completed Works to minimize the loss that brought by the natural disasters which may occur. Key Words: Public Construction Works, Natural Disaster, Civil Engineering Completed Risks Insurance (CECR)

地方政府透過引進民間投資公共建設，帶動了區域經濟發展、減少政府財務支出及增加就業機會，更開啟了地方政府與國有財產局合作的機制。本研究以新北市政府目前已完成簽約或辦理中的個案進行歸納分析，從設定地上權、租賃與標售等招商模式中，找出在不同的環境因素下，應選擇何種模式為最適。而辦理招商前置作業應考量基本環境、市場可行性、法律可行性、財務可行性等分析結果。 研究發現，政府部門開放的態度、設置專責的單位、長官的支持、有效的行政效率及良好的內容規劃，為招商案主要關鍵成功因素。不同的招商模式各有其考量因素，設定地上權模式主要考量因素為：1.財務設算後回收期間較長2.計畫的回收於設定地上權期間內達成，財務設算可行3.產業類型以服務業、商業設施為主。租賃模式主要考量因素為：1.產業特性較無法評量其營收的狀況2.財務分析不可行3.產業類型以工業使用為主。標售模式主要以土地開發後取得之土地為主。 / By introducing private investment in public construction, local governments could lead regional economic development, reduce the government’s financial expenditures, increasing employment opportunities, as well as create a cooperative mechanism between local governments and National Property Administration. The study summarized and analyzed some bidding cases which have completed contract signing or still under process in the New Taipei City Government, trying to find the most suitable trade promotion model, under different environmental factors, from like superficies creation, lease, tender and etc. In preparing the start-up work of trade promotion, the analysis of basic environment and feasibility in market, law and finance should be considered. The study finds that there are several key factors leading trade promotion projects successful such as open attitude, set of specialized unit, support from the executive, high efficiency and good project planning of and in governmental departments. Models will be designed under different considerations. When choosing the model of superficies creation, it mainly considers longer payback year after financial evaluation, which could possibly be accessible if the planed payback could be achieved during its creation period, and it mainly categorized in the service industry and commercial facilities. If the industry’s characteristics the kind less able to evaluate its revenue condition; financial analysis is unfeasible and is chiefly for industry use, the leasing model will be considered. If the land is expected to be acquisitive after land development, the tender one is the concern.

現代由於科技進步、社會經濟發展的需要，城市建設規模越來越大，所形成的城建檔案數量、種類大幅增加，為了規劃、建設和管理一個現代化的城市，必須將這些城建檔案做好管理。而城建檔案除了在修改、擴建建設時發生功能之外，其也反應了不同時代、不同時期的社會文化思想風貌，是城市歷史發展的紀錄。□ 首先瞭解中國大陸與西方國家城建檔案管理之模式，其次採用「多重個案法」與「深度訪談法」進行研究，以國內相關城建檔案管理單位作為研究範圍，包括：台北縣政府、台中市政府與宜蘭縣政府、台灣電力公司、中興工程顧問公司與台北市政府捷運局，探討各機構城建檔案典藏範疇與管理工作執行現況，並對各機構之管理人員進行訪談，以獲得有關城建檔案管理之看法與建議。 根據研究發現，提出結論如下：一、國內城建檔案管理模式不明確；二、國內城建檔案缺乏法源依據；三、城建檔案之名詞爭議；四、目前國內城建檔案相關機關之一般行政公文與城建檔案分開管理；五、城建檔案的價值在於「行政價值」，而「社會服務」為最不需要；六、目前國內政府機關城建檔案之利用有缺失。 最後針對前述研究結果提出五項建議：一、儘速制定城建檔案之法源依據；二、各機關現行之城建檔案宜與一般行政公文統一管理；三、設置城建檔案館；四、城建檔案應儘速數位化；五、國內政府機關城建檔案之利用應改進。 / As of today, the fast pacing in science, technology and economic growth, the scope of urban construction is increasing to compensate. Therefore, an increasing number and variety of urban construction archives have emerged. To better plan, construct and manage a modernized city, we need to have these archives well-organized. These archives not only play an important role in construction, extension and reconstruction, but also function as a chronicle of the development of the city, in which, reflect the style and features of social culture and ideology at different era and generation. First, a study on the organizational method of such archive of Mainland China and some Western countries were carried out. Secondly in this research, multiple-case analysis method and in-depth interviews were employed. Relevant domestic urban construction units were selected in this study, which included: 1. Taipei County Government, 2.Taichung City Government, 3.Yilan County Government, 4.Taiwan Power Company, 5.Sinotech Engineering Consultants and 6. Department of Rapid Transit Systems, TCG. First of all, this research introduced the coverage and performance of each of these archival institutions; followed by in-depth interviews of the archivists in order to obtain the viewpoints and advices toward the organization method of urban construction archives. According to this research, problems of organizational method of archives were emerged; a conclusion of such problems in our country was drawn: 1. ambiguity of method; 2.lack of reliable legal resources; 3.unregulated terminology; 4.dissociation of management in general administrative documentation and urban construction archives; 5.Overvalue of urban construction archive in government administration, as a contrast to the lack in public service; 6. Incomplete and insufficient public access of urban construction archives within the government. In conclusion, based on the study carried out above, may the following suggestions be claimed: 1. Legislate legal resources of urban construction archives as quickly as possible; 2. Unify management of general administrative documentation and urban construction archive; 3. Establish urban construction archive library; 4. Digitize urban construction archives as quickly as possible; 5. Improve the efficiency of public access to urban construction archives within the government.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa a partir da teoria das abordagens dos papéis proposta por Mintzberg e sua possibilidade de descrever o trabalho do dirigente, tendo como unidade de análise o setor da construção civil e o contexto de obras públicas. A pequena empresa é vital para a economia dos países. Da mesma forma, a indústria da construção civil contribui com significativo percentual do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do Brasil e de diversos países, sejam desenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. Embora apresentem-se como relevantes áreas de estudo - a pequena empresa e a indústria da construção civil - carecem de uma melhor análise integrada de suas inter-relações. Na primeira etapa da pesquisa foi realizado um mapeamento sistemático (MS), em uma base de dados de periódicos indexados, para levantar o estado da arte do tema da pesquisa: o dirigente da pequena empresa. Para explorar a questão da pesquisa foi desenvolvido questionário estruturado dividido em duas partes fundamentais. A primeira para obter dados qualitativos (nominais e ordinais) e quantitativos (discretos e contínuos). A segunda parte para identificar a incidência de cada um dos dez papéis propostos por Mintzberg, utilizando modelo categórico de resposta - escala Likert de cinco pontos. A amostra da pesquisa é composta por 39 dirigentes (n = 39) de empresas que entre 2013 e 2015 executaram obras civis - subsetor edificações - para empresa pública da esfera Federal via licitação pública. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio das médias de frequência obtidas e testes de análise de variância (ANOVA) entre as variáveis (primeira parte do questionários e papéis desempenhados pelo dirigente - segunda parte). Como resultado constata-se que dirigentes de empresas de construção civil inseridos no contexto de obras públicas desempenham atividades fundamentalmente relacionadas aos níveis de atuação interpessoal e decisório. Os papéis de líder e contato, ao nível interpessoal, e os papéis de alocador de recursos e negociador, ao nível decisório, são desempenhados com maior frequência pelo dirigente da amostra, representando grande parte do seu dia a dia de atuação. Das variáveis analisadas, a idade do dirigente (para os papéis de contato e disseminador), a estrutura organizacional da empresa (para o papel de disseminador), o percentual de contratos firmados com a Administração Pública em relação ao total de contratos firmados no período de um ano (para o papel de porta-voz) e a capacidade financeira da empresa (para o papel de porta-voz) apresentaram significância estatística, indicando a associação com a variável resposta da pesquisa - o papel desempenhado pelo dirigente da pequena empresa de construção civil. Comprova-se que a abordagem dos papéis de Mintzberg é capaz de explicar o trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa de construção civil, constatado pelas médias de frequência apresentadas nos três níveis de atuação e dos papéis desempenhados, além das significâncias estatísticas apontadas pela ANOVA. As inferências realizadas contribuem para uma melhor compreensão integrada do trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa de construção civil inserido no contexto de obras públicas e melhoria de sua gestão. / This study\'s aim is to analyze the small business owner-manager\'s work regarding the public civil construction sector grounded on Mintzberg\'s managerial roles and its possibility to describe the owner-manager\'s work. Small businesses are vital to a country\'s economy. Likewise, the civil construction industry contributes to a high GDP percentage in Brazil and other countries as well, whether developed or not. Although these two topics are relevant areas of study - civil construction industry and small business - its integration is not very much understood. A sistematic mapping was conducted in the first phase. The used database, in which the articles are indexed, established the state of art for the research theme: small business owner-manager. To analyze the research question, a structured questionnaire was created. It was divided in two fundamental parts. The first one to obtain qualitative data (nominal and ordinal) and quantitative (discrete and continuous). The second one to indentify the incidence of one of each Mintzberg\'s ten managerial work roles using a categorical response model, the five point Likert scale. The sample consists in 39 (n=39) small business owner-managers who worked in public civil construction in a Federal bureau between the years of 2013 and 2015 by bidding. The data analysis was performed by the mean and frequencies obteined and by comparison between variables - first part of the questionnaire and the owner-managers roles - using an analysis variance (ANOVA). Findings reveal that the small business owner-managers perform roles grounded on interpersonal and decision making levels. The leader and leaison roles, at the interpersonal level, and the resource allocator and negociator roles, at the decision making level, are the ones the owner-managers spend more time performing. The owner-manager\'s age (for leaison and disseminator roles), the organizational configuration (for the disseminator role), the percentage of the signed contratcs within the Public Administration with the total of the signed contracts between a year period (for the spokesperson role) and the business financial capacity (for the spokesperson role) are statistically significant, showing direct relationship with the response variable - the owner-mager\'s work. The results also support that Mintzberg\'s managerial rolles is able to explain the small business owner-manager\'s work, verified by means and frequencies and the ANOVA comparison. This study contibutes to a deeper and integrated understanding about the small business owner-manager in the public civil construction sector.

The aim of my thesis was to identify sources of funding to selected public works and interconnect the impact of financing public construction order for manage-ment of the municipality. In the theoretical part are explained basic concepts relat-ed to public contract and the possibilities of its financing. In the practical part is characterizes specific public works, financed by using funding from the EU and its impact on the economy of the municipality.

The dissertation concerns on an evaluation of public construction projects efficiency. In the beginning is made the explanation of necessity to monitor the indicators of public construction investment efficiency in relation with possibility of stabilization of public budgets. Afterwards is examined the historical development and the actual status of legislative dealing with investment of public founds into construction projects. Subsequently is made the analysis of available methodology for evaluation of public investment economical efficiency. Within the dissertation was made the survey between the representatives of most important public investors in the Czech Republic. Their attitude to evaluation of construction investment efficiency was examined. The results of survey and good and bad praxis examples are concluded into methodical recommendation and instructions for public investors in order to implement into the decision making process about the public construction projects the evaluation of economical efficiency.

The purpose of this paper is to get an understanding if the climate declaration is an effective policy instrument in the construction sectors supply chain. In present time, it is difficult to predict how the effect of this instrument will affect the market and if it will be an effective and prerequisite regulation in the future. A policy instrument can contribute to higher costs for both organisations and individuals. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine whether the transaction costs differ before and after the climate declaration was introduced, dependent on the public or private construction sector and investigate if there is a difference dependant on the design-build contract or design-bid-build contract as a procurement form. With the help of a survey that was distributed to over 590 individuals in 38 different companies, the survey asked questions regarding their experience in the design phase, procurement phase and the construction phase of, request for tenders and tenders, before and after the climate declaration was introduced. The results demonstrate there is a difference before and afterwhich can indicate that the transaction costs also have increased regardless of which sector or form of procurement.