No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARISTELA MIRANDA DA CRUZ.pdf: 3117464 bytes, checksum: 19281fa3e1c20238847dbc3614d0ce39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-19 / The main research objective are the study of housing question of the city of Sumar?, leaving of the history of the construction of its urban space, as well as the origin of the public politics of habitation, approximately from the decade of 1960 until the year of 2008, analyzing particularly the slum quarters, that had been busy for the population that did not have access the housing for the formal real estate market and nor for habitation programs for low income. The research looks for to analyze the slum quarter S?o Domingos, situated in the central region of Sumar? and neighboring area of the Quilombo stream, an area of consolidated occupation, with inhabitants who receive interferences from the public power municipal and considered a risk area. The urban problems are not only municipal, but they become related with the national politics, presenting similarities in the spoliation of the low income worker, basic lacks of job, housing and social investments. / O objetivo principal da pesquisa ? o estudo de problem?ticas habitacionais do munic?pio de Sumar?, partindo da hist?ria da constru??o de seu espa?o urbano, assim como a origem das pol?ticas p?blicas de habita??o, aproximadamente a partir da d?cada de 1960 at? o ano de 2008, analisando particularmente as favelas, que foram ocupadas pela popula??o que n?o teve acesso a moradia pelo mercado imobili?rio formal e nem por programas habitacionais para baixa renda. A pesquisa procura analisar a favela S?o Domingos, situado na regi?o central de Sumar? e no entorno do Ribeir?o Quilombo, uma ?rea de ocupa??o consolidada, com moradores que recebem interfer?ncias do poder p?blico municipal e considerada uma ?rea de risco. Os problemas urbanos n?o s?o apenas municipais, mas relacionam-se com as pol?ticas nacionais, apresentando semelhan?as na espolia??o do trabalhador de baixa renda, car?ncias b?sicas de emprego, moradia e investimentos sociais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Dib Chohfi.pdf: 2307764 bytes, checksum: ab71cf94c0d7bd5e1ab7711dc59553ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / This research seeks to elucidate the right to living quarters question that faces the nation; even though being a fundamental social right, the populace is still has not been completely covered. Several efforts have been made over the last decade to get this right formalized at the constitutional level. On the other side of the issue is the legitimate constitutional protection of property rights. However, given the high profitability involved in real estate speculation, the lower income earners remain left out.Over the last decades two new pieces of legislation were created the City Statute and the so-called My Home, My Life law, both of which have been innovative measures available to combat the housing deficit. State intervention begins with the creation of a municipal guidance plan, which should be carried out through public policy. The new legal tools for regularizing land/lots had consequently the formation of multiple projects in several cities. Special mention in this study goes to the city of São Paulo and the work done in the Paraisópolis Complex. Case study using Paraisópolis as a reference in the implantation of the right to living quarters through legal regularization for land areas of social interest was done. This analysis made it possible to uncover the most common effects of this type of project. Among the findings, it is observed that, while it is visible the improvement of housing conditions, the social problem of the impossibility of survival in urbanized areas by the poor population is ratified. / A presente pesquisa busca elucidar a situação nacional do direito à moradia, que, muito embora seja um direito fundamental e social, não alcança toda a população. Diversas lutas foram travadas para a consagração formal desse direito em âmbito constitucional na última década. Em contraposição, pela proteção também constitucional ao direito de propriedade e em face da lucrativa especulação imobiliária, as camadas de baixa renda conservam-se em situação de exclusão. Nas últimas décadas foram criadas duas novas legislações Estatuto da Cidade e Lei Minha Casa Minha Vida que inovaram no rol de medidas disponíveis para combater o déficit habitacional. A intervenção estatal tem início com a criação do plano diretor em âmbito municipal e deve ser realizada com base nele por meio de políticas públicas. O novo instituto jurídico da regularização fundiária teve como consequência a criação de múltiplos projetos, em diversas cidades, com destaque na presente pesquisa ao município de São Paulo e ao trabalho realizado no Complexo Paraisópolis. A análise do caso prático de Paraisópolis como referência à efetivação do direito à moradia por meio da regularização fundiária de interesse social tornou possível a apuração dos efeitos mais comuns deste tipo de projeto. Entre os achados do estudo, verifica-se que, ao mesmo tempo em que é visível a melhoria das condições aparentes de moradia, o problema social de impossibilidade de sobrevivência em zonas urbanizadas pela população carente é ratificada.

The collapse of USSR in 1991 became a starting point for many deep changes in Eastern and Central Europe. These changes affected not only politics, but all spheres of life. Urban development reflected it as well. The post-Soviet urban transformation is a specific chapter in history of the cities. In our work we will focus on the influence of cultural activities on districts' development with examples of Užupis in Vilnius and Kalamaja in Tallinn. Today both of these districts are known because of their artistic image and quick development. At the same time, these two capitals of Baltic states are registered on UNESCO World heritage list and Užupis and Kalamaja are parts of the protected areas. To support the balance between preservation of the historical heritage and modern development is an important issue for both of them. We will consider the influence of cultural activities on district's development and distinctive features of these processes in cases of Užupis and Kalamaja. Key words: urban transformation, urban development, Cultural quarters, urban districts, cultural heritage, post-Soviet, Baltic states Абстракт Распад СССР в 1991 стал отправной точкой для множества глубоких изменений в Восточной и Центральной Европе. Изменения затронули не только политику, но и все сферы жизни, также они...

Ever since the military takeover of 1952, the post-monarchic political system of Egypt has been dependent upon a variety of mechanisms and structures to establish and further consolidate its powerbase. Among those, an intertwined web of what could be described as ‘patronage politics’ emerged as one of the main foundations of these tools and was utilized by the regime to establish the fundamentals of its rule. Throughout the post-1952 era, political patrons and respective clients were existent in Egyptian politics, shaping, to a great extent, the policies implemented by Egypt's rulers at the apex of the political system, as well as the tactics orchestrated by the populace within the middle and lower echelons of the polity. This study aims at analyzing the factors that ensured the durability of patronage networks within the Egyptian polity, primarily focusing on the sort of social structural reconfiguration that has been taking place in the popular communities of Egypt in the beginning of the 21st Century. Dissecting the area of Misr Al Qadima as an exemplar case study of Cairo’s popular quarters, the research mainly focuses on examining the role of the lesser notables, those middle patrons and clients that exist on the lower levels of the Egyptian polity within the ranks of the National Democratic Party and the Muslim Brotherhood. Henceforth, the sociopolitical agency of these lesser notabilities shall constitute the prime concern of the writing and, in doing so; this research also attempts to draw some linkage between the micro-level features of the popular polities of Cairo and the macro-level realities of the Egyptian polity at large, in the contemporary period.

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les activités culturelles et créatives (art, architecture, etc.) sont plébiscitées par les pouvoirs publics et les scientifiques pour leur rôle culturel mais aussi économique, social et urbain. Leur agglomération spatiale dans d’anciens quartiers industriels et ouvriers fait peser de multiples enjeux sur ces territoires. Planifiée par les décideurs politiques ou construite par des dynamiques spontanées, cette agglomération transforme des espaces en friche en quartiers créatifs. Ces quartiers sont le lieu d’ancrage de clusters qui lient les travailleurs créatifs dans un réseau social d’échange et de coopération marqué par l’entre-soi. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’interroger le fonctionnement et les enjeux des quartiers créatifs en vérifiant l’hypothèse de la mise en place d’un club de travailleurs créatifs au sein de ces territoires. Défini comme un regroupement volontaire d’individus autour de la jouissance exclusive de biens et de services, le club est porteur à la fois de dynamiques collectives de partage et de logiques d’entre-soi et de ségrégation. Questionner son existence dans les quartiers créatifs introduit une réflexion autour de la cohésion et de la fragmentation sociales d’une part, et de la créativité et de l’innovation d’autre part.Fondée sur une analyse qualitative croisée de trois quartiers créatifs des villes de Nantes, Marseille et Grenoble, cette thèse montre comment des clubs de travailleurs créatifs se forment dans ces territoires, quel est leur fonctionnement et quels sont leurs impacts sociaux et économiques. / For twenty years, cultural and creative activities (art,architecture, etc.) have been promoted by public authorities and scientists for their cultural, economic,social and urban roles. Their spatial agglomeration informer industrial districts implies multiple issues on these territories. Planned by political decision-makers or resulting from spontaneous dynamics, this agglomeration transforms industrial wasteland into creative quarters.Clusters that link creative workers in collaborative social networks are embedded in these quarters. These social networks are characterized by cooperation and a senseof togetherness.This thesis aims to question the functioning and the stakes of creative quarters by confirming the hypothesis of the establishment of a creative workers’ club within these territories. The club is defined as a voluntary grouping of individuals around the exclusive enjoymen tof goods and services. It carries both collective dynamics of sharing and logics of exclusion and segregation.Questioning its existence in creative quarters induces a reflection on social cohesion and fragmentation on the one hand, and creativity and innovation on the other one. Based on a qualitative analysis of three creative quarters in the cities of Nantes, Marseille and Grenoble, this thesis illustrates how clubs of creative workers are formed in these territories, how they work and what their social and economic impacts are.

Le présent travail consiste en une étude exhaustive du mobilier métallique des deux quartiers artisanaux du vicus gallo-romain de Bliesbruck (Moselle). Ce mobilier a été mis au jour lors des différentes campagnes de fouilles qui se sont déroulées sur le site durant les quarante dernières années. Le corpus obtenu englobe 450 kg de métaux (fer, alliage cuivreux, métaux blancs, or) qui se répartissent entre 4 200 objets et 22 000 clous. Grâce à un travail d'identification de chaque objet et de détermination de sa fonction, associé à un comptage typologique des clous, il a été à la fois possible de reconstituer les assemblages de mobilier et de confronter les données en fonction de différents critères comme la nature du métal, la provenance (quartier et parcelle), la chronologie ou encore la nature des unités stratigraphiques. L'abondance des données et leur diversité permet d'appréhender ce corpus à diverses échelles géographiques et de façon thématique. Il apparaît dans un premier temps que chacune des vingt-six parcelles étudiées possède sa propre histoire de même qu'un faciès de mobilier métallique spécifique. En le prenant en compte et en raisonnant en terme de présence/absence, la caractérisation des espaces est alors rendue possible (artisanats, zone de circulation, etc). Cette démarche est facilitée par la visualisation des données à l'aide d'un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG). Dans un second temps, l'approche thématique du corpus en fonction de domaines usuels (économie, effets personnels, transports, etc.) permet d'une part de dégager les tendances générales communes aux deux quartiers et d'autre part de mettre en exergue d'éventuelles spécificités de la zone étudiée face à d'autres sites. Dans cette démarche de mise en perspective de sites, la présente étude se propose donc d'être un maillon dans la connaissance du mobilier métallique gallo-romain de l'Est de la France. / This work is an exhaustive study of the metal artefacts of the two craft-quarters of the roman vicus Bliesbruck (Moselle). These artefacts come from the diggings which take place in Bliesbruck since forty years. The corpus contains 450 kg of metals (iron, copper, white metals and gold). The artefacts are separated into 4 200 objects and 22 000 nails. Thanks to the object's identification, the knowledge of their function and the count of nails, it is possible on the one hand to reconstitute the object's assembling and on the other hand to confront the data with various points of view : kind of metal, found-place (quarter and plot of land), chronology, kind of stratigraphic unit. With the abundance and diversity of data the corpus can be studied with different geographical scales and themes. It appears first that each plot of land has his own history and a specific assembling of metal artefacts. If this specification is taken into consideration and the presence or absence of artefacts too, it's possible to characterize each place (craft, street, etc.). This kind of reflection is easier thanks to the utilisation of a Geographical Information-system (GIS). Than, the thematic approach depending on domains (economy, personal effects, transportation, etc.) can show on the one hand the general tendencies of the both quarters and on the other hand the specificities of Bliesbruck as opposed to other sites. To confront archaeological sites, this work would like to be a piece of the knowledge of metal artefacts coming from East France. / Diese Arbeit ist ein vollständiges Studium der Metallfunde aus den zwei Handwerkervierteln von Bliesbruck (Moselle, Frankreich). Diese Funde stammen aus vierzigjahrelangen Ausgrabungen. Das Korpus besteht aus 450 Kg Metall (Eisen, Kupferlegierungen, weisse Metalle, Gold) wovon 4 200 Objekte und 22 000 Nägel. Eine Objekt- und Funktionsidentifizierung und eine typologische Nägelzahl haben es ermöglicht, die Objektverbindungen wieder zusammenzusetzen und die Daten nach verschiedenen Kriterien einander gegenüberzustellen : Metall, Lage (Viertel und Grundstück), Chronologie und Befundnummertyp. Diese Datenüberfülle und -verschiedenheit ermöglichen das Korpus nach vielartigen geographischen Maβstäben und Themen zu studieren. Es kann also zuerst vorgestellt werden, dass jedes Grundstück seine eigene Geschichte hat und auch dabei seine eigene Metallfundeverbindung. Wenn diese spezielle Verbindung berücksichtigt wird und die Objektanwesenheit oder -abwesenheit klargestellt wird, ist es möglich die Räume oder Gebäude zu karakterisieren (Handwerk, Strasse, usw.). Diese Phase wurde durch die Benutzung eines geographischen Informationssystem (GIS) erleichtert. Die thematische Studie des Betätingungsfelds (Ökonomie, Schmuck, Transports, usw.) kann dann einerseits die gemeinsamen Punkte der zwei Vierteln und andererseits die Besonderheiten des Ortes Bliesbruck bestimmen. Durch diese Methode, die die archäologische Stätten vergleicht, möchte diese Arbeit ein Glied in der Kette der Wissenschaft über die gallo-römischen Metallfunde aus Ostfrankreich sein.

While the world is urbanising at an exponential rate, so does the conflicts. The common environment for a conventional military force has changed from the open fields normally dominated by tanks and artillery, to narrow streets and buildings in a city. While the actors and environment for combat changes, the tactics doesn’t seem to. Maneuver warfare was mainly developed from the lessons learned from WW2 and was focused on warfare with large units using firepower and movement. But since the last two decades most of the fighting has taken part in urban areas against another type of enemy, which won’t allow for the full extent of the maneuvering and firepower due to structures and other obstructions in a city. This study will analyse how western militaries utilised the principles of maneuver warfare in urban combat. The goal is to measure how well the principles of maneuver warfare applicable in an urban environment against the ever-increasing irregular threat. The purpose is to indicate the complexity the urban environment brings to military units when planning and conducting operations.  The results find that maneuver warfare relates well but can’t fully explain military success in urban warfare.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanna Ortiz de Oliveira.pdf: 23204662 bytes, checksum: df2c75dda1118d191370933a8d15e75e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-17 / Throughout the brazilian urbanism history, we observe the absence of the State with more efficient measures to take care of to the habitation demand. This fact has been perpetuated during years and added the current social found problems in the large cities and contributed for the environmental degradation caused by irregular nestings. The Environmental Sensible Areas vary between environmental interests to risk areas. Beyond the predatory occupation of the urban spaces with intense urbanization without planning, the precarious nestings also contribute with the alteration of the vegetation, of the ground, hydro resources and even in the change of the microclimate, becoming also a risk to the health and the physical-mental integrity of the there resident population. These urban inadequacy must be prevented and avoided, reparable and compensatory measures with adjusted technologies must be adopted to solve the diverse problems of degradation. Ahead of such situation, it is necessary to know the public politics, especially the habitation ones, directed to equate the deriving problems of occupations and the programs and techniques of urban and environmental recovery. The city of Campinas, studied region, has similarities with other regions of Brazil, with innumerable nestings also in Environmental Sensible Areas, being, therefore, a representative case. / Ao longo da hist?ria do urbanismo brasileiro, observamos a aus?ncia do Estado com medidas mais eficazes para atender ? demanda por habita??o. Esse fato se perpetuou durante os anos e, somado com os atuais problemas sociais encontrados nas grandes , contribuiu para a degrada??o ambiental ocasionada por assentamentos irregulares. As ?reas Ambientalmente Sens?veis variam entre de interesse ambiental a ?reas de risco. Al?m da ocupa??o predat?ria dos espa?os urbanos com intensa urbaniza??o sem planejamento, os assentamentos prec?rios tamb?m contribuem com a altera??o da vegeta??o, do solo, recursos h?dricos e at? na mudan?a do microclima, tornando-se inclusive risco ? sa?de e ? integridade f?sica e mental da popula??o ali residente. Essas inadequa??es urbanas devem ser evitadas, e medidas mitigadoras, reparat?rias e compensat?rias com tecnologias adequadas devem ser adotadas para solucionar os diversos problemas de degrada??o. Diante de tal situa??o, ? necess?rio conhecer as pol?ticas p?blicas, especialmente as habitacionais, voltadas para equacionar os problemas oriundos das ocupa??es e os programas e t?cnicas de recupera??o urbana e ambiental. A cidade de Campinas, regi?o estudada, tem similaridades com outras regi?es do Brasil, com in?meros assentamentos inclusive em ?reas Ambientalmente Sens?veis, sendo, portanto, um caso representativo.

- The aim of the thesis was to further process the selected buildings in the overall urban design animal farm. - Putting the individual buildings into a very rugged terrain and the subsequent harmony with the surrounding landscape - Create attractive objects for future visitor's animal farm - By ensuring the development of the territory