The main thesis of these essays is that social phenomena are different from psychological phenomena and thus social sciences do not belong to behavioural sciences. Chapter 1 introduces the fundamental problem of the rational choice theory ("Macaulay's problem"): either the theory is empirical and false or it is without empirical content and true. Various suggested solutions to this problem are reviewed and criticized. It is argued that the problem is evaded once it is admitted that rational choice theory does not attempt to explain behaviour. It was developed to explain decreasing individual demand and its extension to behavioural sciences is illegitimate. In Chapter 2 the difference between the interpretation of rationality in choice theory and demand theory is shown. It is argued that choice theory must adopt the agent's point of view, while demand theory proceeds from the point of view of an observer. Chapter 3 applies the argument to the problem of indifference ("Nozick's problem"): it claims that choice theory must adopt strict ordering of alternatives because indifference is already accounted for in the description of the choice alternatives. The difference between the consumer perception and the objective price-quantity relation embodied in the demand function is further explored in Chapter 4 on the example of the Rothbardian demand theory. It is argued that the law of marginal utility defined in terms of subjective units (i.e. units relevant to the consumer) does not imply nonincreasing demand. Chapter 5 is complementary to the previous and attempts to answer the question, whether the concept of marginal utility is compatible with ordinalism. Finally, Chapter 6 discusses on the methodological level the difference between behavioural sciences and economics. It argues that the difference can be conveniently described with the help of Popper's concepts of 'World 2'and 'World 3'.

La thèse cherche à montrer, d’un point de vue épistémologique, les différences des deux types de rationalité, qui se sont développées séparément dans la culture grecque et dans la Chine antique (en particulier durant la période des Printemps et des Automnes et celle des Royaumes Combattants).Une manifestation importante de ces différences est le fait que les deux types de rationalité, dès leur origine, ne partagent pas la même conception de la nature. Le premier chapitre explique la formation du concept de «nature» dans la culture grecque et le sens original du terme ziran自然, traduction du mot «nature» dans la langue chinoise moderne. Nous découvrons ainsi que le premier sens du mot «nature» dans la culture grecque renvoie notamment à l’idée de «principe», qui, à la fois, contribue à l’apparition d’une «nature» en tant que savoir objectif et oriente par la suite tout le savoir occidental vers la quête de la vérité. En revanche, le sens original de ziran自然 montre que la pensée chinoise ne considère pas la nature comme un monde indépendant du monde humain. La relation entre l’homme et la nature n’est pas fondée sur la distinction sujet-objet. La pensée chinoise développe donc une perception du monde essentiellement pragmatique fondée sur l’expérience humaine dans le domaine politico-social.Les chapitres 2 et 3 s’efforcent de discuter l’évolution de l’idée de transcendance dans les deux cultures. La mythologie grecque, par sa structure très organisée, semble déjà favorable à la naissance de la science : d’un côté, elle donne à la nature un aspect transcendant; de l’autre, elle permet plus facilement le passage de l’idée de divinité à celle de loi. En Chine antique au contraire, une mythologie de la nature beaucoup moins développée est très vite remplacée par une interprétation politico-sociale du monde humain. En conséquence, les principes sur lesquels s’appuie la pensée chinoise sont plutôt des principes moraux, et même l’interprétation du monde objectif dépend des affaires humaines.Le reste du travail consiste à expliciter les particularités de chaque type de rationalité.Les chapitres 4 et 5 concernent la notion de temps. Malgré les multiples concepts de temps existant dans la pensée grecque, c’est l’idée d’un temps mesurable qui va triompher et s’appliquer ensuite à la recherche physique. Cependant, dans la pensée chinoise, le temps ne se présente jamais que comme une suite d’événements concrets ou comme une série d’opportunités ou d’occasions d’accomplir un acte.Le chapitre 6 est consacré à l’évolution des mathématiques dans les deux cultures. Les mathématiques grecques, représentées par la géométrie euclidienne, se présentent comme un système hypothético-déductif, caractérisé par la démonstration. Les mathématiques chinoises traditionnelles, dont l’organisation conceptuelle n’a rien d’architectonique, sont d’abord destinées à résoudre des problèmes concrets et semblent donc de type algorithmique ou procédural. En témoignent notamment les différentes interprétations du nombre dans les deux cultures. Les deux derniers chapitres sont une analyse de la logique et du raisonnement dans les deux cultures. En Grèce, la logique aristotélicienne, qui demeurera pratiquement inchangée jusqu’au XIXe siècle, introduit des catégories de la pensée et parvient à décomposer les propositions du discours, à en étudier la structure et à classer leurs différents sens. En regard, les penseurs chinois n’ont malheureusement pas réussi à surmonter l’étape de l’étude des sophismes. A la place du raisonnement analytique, la pensée chinoise applique une logique corrélative, fondée sur l’idée de transformation plutôt que sur la déduction stricte, sur l’image du cercle plutôt que sur celle de la ligne, et enfin, sur l’expérience inductive personnelle plutôt que sur un formalisme objectif. / In this thesis – from an epistemological point of view – we try to show the difference between two types of rationality which were developed in Ancient Greece and in Ancient China (especially during the Spring and Autumn period and during the Warring States period). The first chapter explains the formation of the term "nature" in the culture of the Ancient Greece as well as the original meaning of the term ziran自然, translation of the term "nature" in contemporary Chinese. We show that the first sense of the term "nature" in Greece sends back at the idea of "principle", which contributes to constitute “nature” as an object of knowledge and directs the western knowledge to the quest of truth. On the contrary, the original meaning of ziran自然 shows that the Chinese thought does not consider the nature as a world independent from the human world. In other words, the relationship between man and nature is not a distinction between subject and object. So, the Chinese thought will prefer to develop an essentially pragmatic understanding of things of the world, in direct reference to the human experience in the politico-social domain.The chapters 2 and 3 analyze the evolution of the idea of transcendence in the two cultures. The Greek culture develops an organized mythology which, according to us, prepares the birth of "science": The Greek mythology gives to nature a "transcendent" aspect and allows us to go rather easily from the idea of divine decrees to "laws". In Chinese Antiquity, myths of nature were soon replaced with a politico-social interpretation of the human world. Obviously, they are also far for being developed as much as the Greek myths. In the same way, the Chinese culture turns away rather fast from the idea that there must be some transcendence anywhere, except in the human values. It makes that the principles on which leans the Chinese thought are especially moral ones (and not principles of the nature). In fact, even the interpretation of the objective world depends on human affairs. The rest of our work will confirm the specificities of each kind of rationality. Chapters 4 and 5 examine the notion of time in the two cultures. Although several concepts of time coexist in ancient Greece, it is finally the idea of a measurable time which will stand out and allow, later on, the development of a mathematical physics. Whereas, in Chinese thought, time is essentially expressed either by concrete events, or by opportunities or occasions to carry out something. Chapter 6 focuses on mathematical concepts in the two cultures. Greek mathematics, illustrated by Euclidean geometry, presents itself as a deductive system whose most important characteristic is proof. On the contrary, Chinese traditional mathematics are only procedural and handle the concrete problems as they come, i.e without putting them into some architectonic structures of mathematical concepts. The different interpretations of number in the two cultures could be one explication among others of these two views on mathematics. Our last two chapters examine logic and reasoning in the two cultures. In Greece, Aristotelian logic, which will stay unchanged until the 19th century, manages to set up categories of thought, to decompose the propositions of language, to study their structure, and finally to classify their different meaning. In front of that, Chinese thinkers, unfortunately, do not succeed in surmounting the stage of sophistic studies. Instead of an analytical reasoning, the Chinese thought follows a correlative logic rather based on the idea of transformation than on a strict deduction, on the image of the circle than on the image of the line, and finally, on a personal inductive experience than on an objective formalism.

Les émotions ont été considérées en philosophie, et ce depuis l’Antiquité, tantôt comme des aides tantôt comme des obstacles aux décisions rationnelles. Les rapports entre émotions et décisions ne constituent donc pas donc un objet inédit de réflexion mais récemment cette question a été reprise et le champ théorique renouvelé. Des développements montrent que les émotions pourraient intégrer les raisonnements de manière constructive, et pas nécessairement comme des éléments perturbateurs et responsables d’erreurs. Il s’avère que malgré la complexité du phénomène émotionnel, et la diversité des conceptions à son égard, l’étude des impacts émotionnels dans les choix fait intervenir la distinction entre émotions positives et négatives de manière récurrente. La caractéristique permettant d’établir cette distinction se nomme la valence. D’apparence claire et pratique, elle comporte plusieurs difficultés importantes. En plus d’être un concept ambigu au sens variable d’une théorie à l’autre, la distinction simple qu’elle recoupe s’applique difficilement à certaines émotions plus complexes qui semblent mélanger des valences différentes. Face à ces problèmes, nous pensons qu’il n’est ni nécessaire ni souhaitable d’abandonner la notion de valence, mais qu’il convient plutôt de la réformer afin qu’elle puisse rendre compte avec plus de réalisme des émotions concrètes. D’une part, nous entendons apporter des clarifications sur ce concept central dans l’étude des émotions et de leur impact dans les choix et décisions; d’autre part, nous montrerons la nécessité de porter une attention renouvelée à la valence des émotions pour comprendre ces impacts avec plus de finesse et de précision. / In philosophy, emotions have been studied throughout the centuries sometimes as helping to make good decisions, sometimes as hindering rationality. Thus, linking emotions and rationality is not something never tried before, but some recent developments have given a new extension to the question. Hypotheses of non-cognitive elements and non-computational ways of thinking that could guide reasoning and choice are searched for and studied. Emotions could be one of some new elements integrating choice in a constructive and not necessarily misguiding way.Despite the complexity of emotions and the diversity of their studies, a large part of the theoretical account of emotional impacts is structured by the recurrent distinction between positive and negative emotions known as their “valence.” Negative and positive emotions are thought to have distinct consequences on actions and choices which are studied and classified through this distinction. Valence seems to be a clear and practical distinction, but its shows several difficulties. Its meaning can be very different from one theory to the other, this notion being imprecise and ambiguous. We also found problems concerning the way this general and simple distinction applies to many emotions that seem to mix many valences. As we will show these problems do not constitute a reason to abandon this notion. We’ll see if it is possible to reform it and make it more realistic to take into account concrete emotions. We intend to make some clarifications on this central notion, and to underline the importance of a more comprehensive and specific study of valence to understand emotional impact at a finer and sharper level of analysis.

The thesis focuses on rationality in decisions by managers. The terms rationality, irrationality and bounded rationality are defined in the first part. The current state of knowledge on the concept of bounded rationality in decision making is then followed by a specific consideration of managerial decision making. The chosen bounded rationality effects, including heuristics, are also described. The purpose of the second part of this study is to examine experimentally the differential uses of heuristics among the students of the Faculty of Management relative to completion of the Managerial Decision Making course. The effect of time to use of heuristics is examined as well.

Orientador: Maria Tereza Duarte Paes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T04:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_CezarPardoMeoPompeode_M.pdf: 17654060 bytes, checksum: 32f5006ec155d0135ab5d8983dfa3a24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Essa pesquisa é norteada pela hipótese de que as territorialidades caiçaras foram substantivamente transformadas devido ao seu contato com uma racionalidade moderna proveniente dos meios urbanos. Os caiçaras da Vila Oratório, Praia do Sono, Ponta Negra e Martim de Sá, no município de Paraty, RJ, conformavam territorialidades segundo uma racionalidade própria, correspondentes ao tempo de antigamente, e a implementação da Rodovia Rio Santos, aqui considerada como um evento, viabilizou o contato dessas populações tradicionais com o homem moderno, alterando a geografia nos fragmentos de território utilizados por essas populações. Dessa maneira, foi possível compreender as particularidades de cada uma dessas localidades, compreendendo os distintos interesses dos sujeitos sociais envolvidos nesse processo, para então serem propostas iniciativas que venham a considerar as atuais reivindicações dos caiçaras / Abstract: This research is guided by the hypothesis that caiçaras territorialities were substantially transformed due to its contact with modern rationality from urban areas. The caiçara people from Vila Oratório, Praia do Sono, Ponta Negra and Martim de Sá, in the municipality of Paraty-RJ, conformed territorialities by its own rationality, corresponding to the old times, and the Rio-Santos Highway, considered here as a major event, enabled contact of this traditional populations with modern man, changing the geography of this piece of land habitated by this population. Thus, it was possible to understand the particularities of each one of these locations, including the different interests of social subjects involved in this process, and then propose initiatives that will consider the current demands of caiçara population / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Based on the theory of the emotions proposed by Martha Nussbaum, the present paper proposes a theory of rationality and judicial reasonability that includes emotions as a necessary element. With this, it is possible to pass from a purely deliberative-abstract model of judicial argument to a narratively open one, in which empathy and literary imagination play a fundamental role. I will argue that emotions have a concrete manifestation in at least three relevant circumstances: the value of testimony, that of empathy, and that of literary imagination. However, the place of emotions for the project of judicial rationality is subject to institutional restrictions such as rules of law, procedures and precedents. With this in mind, a sketch of theory on the narrative rationality in judicial contexts is presented in the last section of this paper. / A partir de la teoría de las emociones de Martha Nussbaum, el presente trabajo propone una teoría de la racionalidad y razonabilidad judicial que incluya a las emociones como un elemento necesario. Con ello se pasa de un modelo puramente deliberativo-abstracto de argumentación judicial a uno de tipo narrativamente abierto, en el cual la empatía y la imaginación literaria desempeñan un papel fundamental. Sostendré que las emociones tienen una manifestación concreta en al menos tres circunstancias relevantes: el valor del testimonio, el de la empatía y el de la imaginación literaria. Sin embargo, el lugar de las emociones para el proyecto de la racionalidad judicial está sometido a restricciones institucionales tales como reglas del derecho, procedimientos o precedentes. Con ello, un bosquejo de teoría sobre la racionalidad narrativa en sede judicial es presentado en la última sección.

Nesta tese analisam-se correntes da teoria política que fundamentam a condução das ações individuais na vida política e social na racionalidade. Nessa perspectiva, apresenta-se a disputa existente entre um conceito procedimental de justiça e um conceito de ética procedimental fundada na existência de uma comunidade cultural de valores. Discute-se a guinada teórica de Habermas que, ao passar do medium linguagem para o medium direito, traz um elemento novo a sua teoria, compreendendo que a judicialização nas sociedades pós-tradicionais forma um parâmetro dinâmico que orienta a ação individual em direção a laços solidários. Apresenta-se em seguida o debate liberalismo versus comunitarismo, apresentando os ganhos analíticos trazidos pelas reflexões hermenêuticas de Charles Taylor sobre a formação dos valores éticos que guiam a formação da modernidade. Mas de Taylor se distancia por tomá-lo como excessivamente culturalista em seu conceito antropológico sobre a natureza humana. Pela análise epistemológica da metodologia de estudo de caso normativo, investiga-se a interpretação de Jessé Souza sobre o processo de naturalização das desigualdades no Brasil. O objetivo é problematizar sua interpretação bourdieusiana das relações sociais por tomá-las demasiadamente presas a uma racionalidade instrumental. Como alternativa analítica, apresentam-se as contribuições de Axel Honneth e, como ele, sustenta-se que os fundamentos de interação e emancipação social se dão com relações de reconhecimento recíproco estruturadas sobre uma ética formal. / In this dissertation, I analyze political theory currents which claim that political and social individual actions rely on individuals rationality. From this perspective, I present the dispute between a proceduralist understanding of justice and a concept of proceduralist ethics which rests upon the existence of cultural community of values. Then, I discuss Habermas theoretical shift in his moving from taking language as a means of social interaction to taking law as such means, and show that the shift brings up a new aspect of his theory, since he understands that judicialization in post-traditional societies forms a dynamic parameter which orients individual actions towards solidary bonds. Next, I present the debate between liberalism and communitarianism, highlighting the analytical strengths of Charles Taylors hermeneutical thoughts on the formation of ethical values that guide the formation of modernity. I reject Taylors excessive culturalism when he builds his anthropological understanding of human nature. Through the epistemological analysis of the normative case study methodology I investigate Jessé Souzas interpretation on how inequalities have gone through a naturalization process in Brazil. My objective is to problematize his Bourdieuian interpretation of social relationships, considering that it remains too tied to an instrumental rationality. I claim that Axel Honneths work remains an analytical alternative to such Bourdieuian interpretation, and claim that the base for social interaction and emancipation rely on reciprocal recognition relations structured on formal ethics.

Esta pesquisa tem como foco os processos de desenvolvimento cultural e organizacional necessários à formação de mercados financeiros formais em regiões de baixa-renda. Para tanto, analisa o caso das cooperativas de crédito da região sisaleira da Bahia, uma experiência notável de inserção de populações de baixa renda no mercado financeiro. Com o acesso a serviços financeiros a baixos custos e a capacitação e assistência técnica proporcionadas pela associação dos pequenos produtores, os agricultores passaram a investir em atividades econômicas mais adaptadas ao clima semi-árido, ter acesso a novos mercados, planejar melhor a produção e o consumo, elevar a renda e promover o desenvolvimento local. Nessa região em que os sertanejos encontravam-se, e uma parte ainda é, dependentes de monopólios tradicionais que se perpetuavam através de vínculos personalistas de controle, os sertanejos contraem constante endividamento junto a comerciantes locais. A ação das Comunidades Eclesiais de Base e dos sindicatos de trabalhadores rurais, a partir dos anos 70, foi decisiva para promover um processo de desenvolvimento cultural e a formação de uma densa rede de organizações que possibilitaram ampliar o acesso dos agricultores ao mercado financeiro e a novos canais de comercialização. Por meio de uma análise interdisciplinar e crítica da realidade concreta e dos conceitos da sociologia econômica, da economia institucional, da teoria dos sistemas agrários e da antropologia, são reconstruídos os processos históricos que levaram à formação de cooperativas, é analisada a influência do clima sobre os mercados, é investigada a racionalidade econômica do sertanejo e são desvendadas as estruturas sociais que sustentam as novas organizações econômicas e o desenvolvimento recente da região sisaleira da Bahia. / This study aims to understand the cultural development processes required to create markets. The analysis is focused on the case of credit cooperatives in the sisal region of Bahia, which represents an outstanding experience of inclusion of low income people in the financial market. Access to low-cost financial services, together with training and technical assistance provided by the small growers association, allowed them to invest in economic activities more adapted to the semi-arid region, to reach new markets, to plan production and consumption, to increase their income and to promote local development. In this region, local people (the sertanejos) used to be - and still are dependent on traditional monopolies that perpetuate by means of personalized control ties, which keep them constantly in debt with local traders. The action of both the comunidades eclesiais de base (grassroot catholic organization) and the rural labor unions were crucial to promote a process of cultural development and the formation of a dense net of organizations responsible for increasing the growers´ access to the financial market and to new marketing channels. The analysis is based on a historical, inter-disciplinary and critical approach, and on concepts of economic sociology, institutional economics, agrarian systems and anthropology. The historical processes are reconstructed, the climate influence on the market is analyzed, the economic rationality of the sertanejo is investigated and the social structures that support the new economic organization and development of Bahia´s sisal region are revealed.

A questão se a informação contábil é relevante para o mercado de capitais tem sido investigada, predominantemente, por meio dos pressupostos da Hipótese de Eficiência de Mercado (HEM). Para a HEM, toda informação relevante é refletida nos preços das ações de forma integral e instantânea, a partir da consideração de que as informações são analisadas e interpretadas por indivíduos plenamente racionais. Contudo, a literatura relacionada às áreas de Finanças Comportamentais e de Processos Decisórios tem indicado que os indivíduos, mesmo em condições de interação e de competição, como verificado nos mercados financeiros, são melhor caracterizados como detentores de racionalidade limitada ao tomar decisões. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a relevância da informação contábil para o mercado de capitais brasileiro sob o pressuposto da racionalidade limitada dos investidores. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas escalas de complexidade específicas para as ações ordinárias e preferenciais. As escalas foram utilizadas como parâmetros para testar se níveis distintos de incertezas na estimação dos fluxos de caixa futuros estão associados à utilidade da informação contábil para o mercado de capitais. Além disso, no estudo, segregou-se a tomada de decisão nas dimensões dos ganhos e das perdas, tendo como objetivo identificar a relevância da informação contábil, segundo essa classificação. A amostra foi composta por informações de 232 empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros de São Paulo (BM&FBOVESPA) no período de 2000 a 2015. Os resultados encontrados apontaram evidências de uma associação inversa entre os níveis de complexidade na avaliação das empresas e a relevância da informação contábil para os investidores. Foi identificado, também, que os preços das ações tendem a incorporar as informações contábeis relevantes de forma apenas gradual em condições de maiores níveis de incertezas. Esses resultados mostraram-se robustos para a dimensão dos ganhos. Além disso, os resultados obtidos sugerem que as normas contábeis do International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) reduziram os níveis de complexidade na avaliação das ações, o que resultou em um aumento da relevância da informação contábil para os investidores. De forma geral, as evidências obtidas corroboram a ideia de que os limites cognitivos dos indivíduos em processar informações pode ser um fator relacionado à magnitude com que os preços das ações refletem as informações contábeis. / The question whether accounting information is relevant to the capital market has been investigated predominantly through the assumptions of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). For EMH, all relevant information is reflected in stock prices in an integral and instantaneous way, considering that information is analyzed and interpreted by fully rational individuals. However, the literature related to the areas of Behavioral Finance and Decision Making has indicated that individuals, even in conditions of interaction and competition, as verified in financial markets, are better characterized as having limited rationality when making decisions. In this sense, the objective of this study was to examine the relevance of the accounting information to the Brazilian capital market, under the assumption of investors\' bounded rationality. Therefore, specific complexity scales were developed for common and preferred stocks. The scales were used as parameters to test if different levels of uncertainties in the estimation of future cash flows are associated with the usefulness of the accounting information for the capital market. In addition, the study segregated the decision making in gains and losses dimensions, aiming to identify the relevance of accounting information according to this classification. The sample consisted of information of 232 companies listed on the Brazilian Securities, Commodities and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA), from 2000 to 2015. The findings brought evidence of an inverse association between levels of complexity in the evaluation of the stocks and the relevance of accounting information to investors. It was identified that stock prices tend to incorporate the relevant accounting information only gradually in conditions of higher levels of uncertainties. These results were robust for the gain dimension. Furthermore, the results suggest that the accounting standards of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) reduced complexity levels in stock valuation, which resulted in an increase in the relevance of accounting information for investors. In general, the evidence obtained corroborates with the idea that cognitive limits of individuals in processing information may be a factor related to the magnitude in which stock prices reflect the accounting information.

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’enrichir la boîte à outils formelle et conceptuelle de la théorie des transformations de préférence. Pour ce faire, je modélise une procédure, la délibération partielle, par laquelle les agents changent l’ensemble des valeurs qui induisent leur relation de préférences. La délibération partielle se fonde sur l’idée qu’un tel changement résulte d’une prise de conscience (growing awareness) de ces certaines de ces valeurs. En prenant conscience de nouvelles valeurs, l’agent réalise qu’il adhère (respectivement qu’il n’adhère pas) à de mauvaises valeurs (resp. de bonnes), soit que les valeurs auxquelles il adhère sont contradictoires, soit qu’elles se renforcent mutuellement. Au travers d’une analyse critique de la littérature sur les transformations des préférences, l’introduction s’attache à dégager les principales motivations philosophiques de la délibération partielle. Le premier chapitre pose les fondations conceptuelles et formelles de cette procédure et présente, tout en les justifiant, les cinq grandes hypothèses psychologiques que suppose cette procédure. Le second chapitre axiomatise cette procédure et fournit une première interprétation du lien qu’elle entretient avec les changements de choix. Il spécifie de deux structures axiologiques sur laquelle se fonde cette procédure : une structure monotonique et une organisation partitionnelle. Le troisième chapitre, s’appuie sur la délibération partielle pour construire une théorie de la manipulation des préférences. L’idée est qu’un envoyeur choisit conjointement un projet et une stratégie de divulgation valeurs afin de manipuler les préférences d’un receveur. J’établis donc un lien entre le modèle développé au chapitre 2, je développe une théorie de la l’empathie imparfaite et de la divulgation séquentielle des valeurs. / This Ph.D. dissertation aims at providing new conceptual and formal tools in order to model preference changes. To do so, I model a mechanism that I refer to as partial deliberation. Partial deliberation is based on the idea that individuals change their preference by becoming aware of new values. Indeed, their awareness allows them either to reject values they were adhering to or to adopt new values. By critically analysis of the literature on preference changes and on rational choice theory, the introduction emphasizes the main philosophical issues of partial deliberation. The first chapter justifies the five psychological hypotheses on which this mechanism relies and discusses their relation with rational choice theory. The second chapter axiomatically deals with partial deliberation and it formalizes two specific structures : a monotonic structure and partitional structure.Then, the third chapter models a situation of preference manipulation, in which a sender jointly chooses a project and a disclosure strategy in order to manipulate the preference of a receiver. With this model, I account for imperfect empathy and sequential disclosure of values.