Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:33:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 462671.pdf: 942994 bytes, checksum: 05eb04d7f77bc5e5f7be4ce8ce466b7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Introduction: The prematureness presents itself as a factor of risk to children, particularly the ones who were born with their weight the same or inferior to 1500 grams. The life quality of the children who are born premature, it s an important indicator of how their health is, and this can be related with the social and economical conditions. The results were compared among born children with the same age and genre. Goals: To evaluate the life quality related with children s health in scholarship age, born premature with weight the same or less than 1500 grams in the Hospital Geral, inside the county of Caxias do Sul/RS. And, to relate the social and economical conditions among the quality of life. Comparing the results with a control group. Method: In this study, children between seven and twelve years old, with their weight the same or inferior to 1500 grams have participated. There are also children with the same age who have participated of the research mentioned.The life s quality evaluation was certified throughout the generic questionnaire Kindl-R, applied in all children individually and done by a trained researcher. Results: 100 children born premature with their weight the same or inferior to 1500 grams have participated of the study, 83 children (83%) were categorized as Caucasian, 37 (37%) boys. When the generic questionnaire Kindl-R was applied to evaluate the quality of life related to health, it was observed that the premature children showed a lower score in almost all aspects when compared with the born children at the term. Showing a difference in the final score of 63.48 versus 73.06. Unlike the gathered results when comparing the quality of life related to health with the social andeconomical conditions, in both groups, these didn t show any statistic difference, p = 0.23 Conclusion: In the evaluation of the quality of life related to health, the premature children show a lower score in almost all aspects when compared with children who were born at the term. The use of this questionnaire can present clinically relevant information to the evaluation and development of premature children. While the social and economical conditions do not interfere in the children s life quality. / Introdu??o: A prematuridade apresenta-se como um fator de risco para as crian?as, em especial crian?as nascidas com peso ao nascimento igual ou inferior a 1500 gramas. A qualidade de vida de crian?as nascidas prematuras ? um importante indicador de como est? a sa?de destas crian?as. Os resultados obtidos das crian?as nascidas prematuras foram comparados com os resultados obtidos das crian?as nascidas a termo de mesma faixa et?ria e sexo. Objetivos: Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada ? sa?de de crian?as em idade escolar nascidas prematuras com peso ao nascimento igual ou menor a 1500 gramas no Hospital Geral no munic?pio de Caxias do Sul/RS. Relacionando a prematuridade e as condi??es s?cio econ?micas com a qualidade de vida. Comparando os resultados com grupo controle. M?todos: Participaram do estudo crian?as em idade escolar nascidas com peso igual ou menor a 1500 gramas, na faixa et?ria de 7 a 12 anos. Tamb?m participaram do estudo crian?as nascidas a termo com mesma faixa et?ria. A avalia??o da qualidade de vida foi verificada atrav?s do question?rio gen?rico Kindl-R, aplicado em todas as crian?as individualmente e realizado por pesquisador treinado. Para avaliar as condi??es s?cio econ?micas foi aplicado o question?rio de Crit?rio de Classifica??o Econ?mica Brasil - ABEP Resultados: Participaram do estudo 100 crian?as nascidas prematuras com peso ao nascimento igual ou menor a 1500 gramas, 83 crian?as (83%) foram categorizadas como da ra?a branca, 37 (37%) meninos. Ao aplicar o question?rio gen?rico Kindl-R para avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada a sa?de, observou-se que as crian?as prematuras apresentaram um score menor em quase todos os dom?nios quando comparadas com as crian?as nascidas a termo. Apresentando uma diferen?a no escore total de 63,48 vs 73,06. Diferentemente os resultados obtidos quando comparamos a qualidade de vida relacionada a sa?de com as condi??es s?cio econ?micas, em ambos os grupos, estes n?o apresentaram diferen?a estat?stica, p = 0,23. Conclus?o: Na avalia??o da qualidade de vida relacionada a sa?de, as crian?as prematuras apresentaram um score menor em quase todos os dom?nios quando comparadas com crian?as nascidas a termo. O uso deste question?rio pode apresentar informa??es clinicamente relevantes para a avalia??o e acompanhamento das crian?as prematuras. Enquanto que as condi??es socioecon?micas n?o interferem na qualidade de vida das crian?as.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 390102.pdf: 627288 bytes, checksum: 4284f8695883162a6c440ac4fc51473a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-06-28 / Introdu??o: A infec??o do Sistema Nervoso Central ? respons?vel por uma significativa causa de morbi-mortalidade, especialmente em pediatria. Entre 5 ? 15% das crian?as com meningite bacteriana morrem e 20 ? 30% desenvolvem seq?elas neurol?gicas a longo prazo. O exame do l?quido cefalorraquidiano ? o teste de laborat?rio mais importante para o diagn?stico desta doen?a. A busca de outros testes r?pidos t?m sido desenvolvidos para o diagn?stico e tratamento precoces da meningite bacteriana. Desta forma, o emprego de fitas reagentes podem se tornar um recurso auxiliar no diagn?stico das infec??es men?ngeas, principalmente onde a dificuldade de obten??o de volume suficiente de l?quor ? capaz de impedir a realiza??o do exame citobioqu?moco de rotina. Objetivo: Avaliar a acur?cia da fita reagente Multistix? na an?lise do l?quido cefalorraquidiano em crian?as. Pacientes e M?todos: Cento e quarenta e seis amostras de l?quor foram coletadas de crian?as e adolescentes de 0 ? 18 anos que realizaram o exame de pun??o lombar no Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS. Estas amostras foram submetidas ao teste da fita reagente Multistix? e posteriormante analisadas pelo laborat?rio para a detec??o de c?lulas, prote?nas e glicose no l?quor. Calculou-se a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo dos resultados da leitura da fita reagente. Resultados: A fita reagente apresentou uma sensibilidade de 76% na detec??o de mais de 100 c?lulas no l?quor e uma especificidade de 96%. O valor preditivo positivo foi de 84% e o valor preditivo negativo 93% respectivamente. Uma sensibilidade de 80% e especificidade de 81% foi encontrada quando se testou a fita para prote?nas. Em rela??o ? glicose a sensibilidade encontrada foi de 16% e a especificidade de 100%. Conclus?o: Os resultados da fita reagente obtiveram boa sensibilidade quanto ao n?mero de c?lulas e prote?nas, podendo ser utilizada como um recurso auxiliar no diagn?stico das infec??es men?ngeas, principalmente em locais de poucos recursos

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:35:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438703.pdf: 1411487 bytes, checksum: 862bdd633d0950193d45fcaee2e80e1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14 / Introduction : Neonatal seizures are usually an acute manifestation of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Its incidence in population-based studies ranges from 1-5:1000 live births (Lombroso, 1996) in studies of high-risk population from tertiary hospitals and/or neonatal intensive care units it is significantly higher (Da Silva et al., 2004; Nunes et al., 2008). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and neurological prognosis of children who had seizures in the neonatal period, checking the incidence and impact of the occurrence of postnatal epilepsy in relation to neuropsychomotor development and quality of sleep.Methods : A cross sectional study was carried out in historical cohort of infants who had seizures confirmed by clinical observation and EEG or video EEG, during hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of S?o Lucas Hospital, Pontifical Catholic University Hospital of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) in the period from January 2004 to December 2009. The study included 42 neonates, of which it was possible to follow up on 22, which were evaluated when the neuropsychomotor development through the Denver II triage test; sleep habits by the Inventory of Sleep Habits for Preschool Children; occurrence of post neonatal epilepsy by Questionnaire of Neurologic Tracking for Epilepsy (QNT-E) and the neurological diagnostic interview for epilepsy (NDIE).Results : There was no significant difference between children with and without follow-up when compared clinical perinatal data and EEG findings. In the group with follow-up was observed a high percentage of patients who developed epilepsy during the first year of life (45.5%, n = 10). It was observed a predominance of changes in Denver II test in children with epilepsy, where all of them showed abnormal or questionable results (p = 0.001). The inventory of sleep results were higher in children without epilepsy. The average difference of result for the inventory between the groups with and without epilepsy was 13.25 (95% confidence interval = 1.39 to 25.11, p = 0.030).Conclusion : The present study showed high incidence of epilepsy after neonatal crisis and association with indicators of delayed neuropsychomotor development. The sleep habits were more regular and appropriate in children with epilepsy. / Introdu??o : Convuls?es neonatais s?o geralmente uma manifesta??o aguda de disfun??o do sistema nervoso central (SNC). Sua incid?ncia, em estudos de base populacional varia de 1-5:1000 nascidos vivos (Lombroso, 1996), em estudos realizados em popula??es de alto risco provenientes de hospitais terci?rios e/ou Unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal ela ? significativamente superior (Da Silva et al., 2004; Nunes et al., 2008). O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o progn?stico cl?nico-neurol?gico de crian?as que apresentaram crises convulsivas no per?odo neonatal, verificando a incid?ncia e o impacto da ocorr?ncia de epilepsia p?s-natal em rela??o ao desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e qualidade do sono.M?todos : Realizou-se estudo transversal em coorte hist?rica de rec?m-nascidos que apresentaram crises convulsivas confirmadas pela observa??o cl?nica e EEG ou v?deo-EEG, durante interna??o na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal do Hospital Universit?rio da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), no per?odo entre Janeiro de 2004 a Dezembro de 2009. Foram inclu?das no estudo 42 neonatos, dos quais foi poss?vel obter seguimento em 22, que foram avaliadas quando ao desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor atrav?s do teste de triagem de Denver II; h?bitos do sono pelo Invent?rio dos H?bitos de Sono para Crian?as Pr?-escolares; ocorr?ncia de epilepsia p?s-neonatal pelo Question?rio de Rastreamento Neurol?gico para Epilepsia (QRN-E) e pela Entrevista Diagn?stica Neurol?gica para Epilepsia (EDN-E).Resultados : N?o houve diferen?a significativa entre as crian?as com e sem seguimento quando comparados os dados cl?nicos perinatais e achados do EEG. No grupo com seguimento observou-se um elevado percentual de pacientes que desenvolveram epilepsia durante os primeiros anos de vida (45,5%, n=10). Foi observado predom?nio de altera??es no teste de Denver II nas crian?as com epilepsia, onde todas apresentavam resultado anormal ou question?vel (p=0,001). Os escores do invent?rio do sono foram maiores nas crian?as sem epilepsia. A diferen?a m?dia do escore para o invent?rio entre os grupos com e sem epilepsia foi de 13,25 (intervalo de confian?a 95% = 1,39 25,11; p=0,030).Conclus?o : o presente estudo evidenciou elevada incid?ncia de epilepsia ap?s crises neonatais e associa??o com indicadores de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Os h?bitos de sono, foram mais regulares e adequados nas crian?as com epilepsia quando comparadas as sem epilepsia.

Submitted by Luis Ricardo Andrade da Silva (lrasilva@uefs.br) on 2015-08-01T01:31:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??oFelipeAugusto.pdf: 2956690 bytes, checksum: 71e1c61962c9df878c520bf6ffadddf9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-01T01:31:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??oFelipeAugusto.pdf: 2956690 bytes, checksum: 71e1c61962c9df878c520bf6ffadddf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Studies of magical practices and popular religiosities have revealed important facets of modern miscegenation. The bolsas de mandinga, one of the numerous magic instruments of protection, congregated elements and experiences of social and cultural universes disparate, fruit of religious atlantic dynamics. The processes of comprehension, elaboration and commercialization of these amulets were not as directs and revealed, because of the repressor activities of religious instances, which scoured the Portuguese overseas in search of the devil affronts to Catholic Christianity, made through the variable heterodoxies that drew in overseas. In this sense, we trace as objective to undertake a micro analysis of what we treat, while production of development processes, through documentary information, focusing on the predilection by the insertion of consecrated hosts inside the bolsas de mandinga, attentive, yet, to the motivations, contexts, experiences and understandings of involved subjects. We use a large body of documents, with a clear qualitative option, especially the inquisitorial files. We elected the written narrative in Dilig?ncias sobre o caso do desacato e sacril?gio cometido na igreja paroquial de S?o Pedro do Monte Moritiba, na Ba?a, concerning the Bahian Reconcavo, in the first half of 18th century, as the backbone of our proposal. Crossed the information present in our sources, through the evidentiary framework proposed by Carlo Ginzburg, and soaked by theoretical proposals of micro studies and trajectories, we seek to understand the religious creolization processes in Bahian Reconcavo eighteenth century. The small fragments collected through the coppery documentary lines show us how the everyday life of investigated subjects measured their spiritual universe, allowing the elaborations, called here Feituras de Prote??o. / Os estudos das pr?ticas m?gicas e religiosidades populares t?m revelado importantes facetas das mesti?agens modernas. As bolsas de mandinga, um dos in?meros instrumentos m?gicos de prote??o, congregavam elementos e experi?ncias de universos sociais e culturais d?spares, fruto das din?micas religiosas atl?nticas. Os processos de compreens?o, elabora??o e comercializa??o destes amuletos n?o eram t?o diretos e revelados, por contadas atividades repressoras das inst?ncias religiosas, que vasculhavam o ultramar luso em busca das ?afrontas do dem?nio? ao cristianismo cat?lico, feitas atrav?s das vari?veis heterodoxias que se desenhavam no al?m mar.Neste sentido, tra?amos enquanto objetivo empreenderuma micro an?lise do que tratamos enquanto processos de feituras de prote??o, atrav?s das informa??es documentais, ao enfocarmos a predile??o pela inser??o de h?stias consagradas no interior das bolsas de mandinga, atentos, ainda, ?s motiva??es, contextos, experi?ncias e entendimentos dos sujeitos envolvidos.Utilizamos um vasto corpo documental, com clara op??o qualitativa, especialmente dos arquivos inquisitoriais. Elegemos a narrativa grafada nas Dilig?ncias sobre o caso do desacato e sacril?gio cometido na igreja paroquial de S?o Pedro do Monte de Moritiba, na Ba?a, referente ao Rec?ncavo baiano, na primeira metade do s?culo XVIII, como espinha dorsal de nossa proposta. Ao cruzarmos informa??es presentes em nossas fontes, atrav?s do referencial indici?rio proposto por Carlo Ginzburg, e embebidos pelas propostas te?ricas de estudos micros e trajet?rias, buscamos entender os processos de criouliza??o religiosa no Rec?ncavo baiano setecentista. Os pequenos fragmentos coletados por entre as acobreadas linhas documentais nos revelaram como a vida cotidiana dos sujeitos investigados dimensionava o universo espiritual dos mesmos, permitindo as elabora??es que chamamos aqui de feituras de prote??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LaureanaCSPS.pdf: 506168 bytes, checksum: 741860cc9374b9f00089284aca64164b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / To understand the feelings of nursing professionals when faced with the death of newborn babies in an intensive care unit is the purpose of this investigation. Motivation was triggered by the countless hardships we go through everyday, as professionals, and the scarcity of publications in this specific area of knowledge. The aim is to describe the experience of the nursing professionals and identify their feelings when faced with the death of newborn babies in an intensive care unit. As a methodological procedure, this research is based on a qualitative, phenomenology-focused approach and on the following leading question addressed to the interviewed nurses and nursing technicians who work at the unit: How do you feel when you are faced with the death of a newborn baby in the ICU at which you work? Answers to this question on such phenomenon revealed a diversity of feelings, such as, loss, guilt, failure, negation, compassion, and sorrow, coupled with anguish, fear, and anxiety, resulting in an experience of the sensitive world of everyone. Theoretical support to this analysis was based on works by authors who discuss phenomenology, as well as authors who study the theme of death. An understanding of the phenomenon thus studied enables us to affirm that the death of a newborn baby is, for the nursing professional who takes care of the baby in the space of the ICU, an experience of conflicting, sometimes painful feelings, on account of their complexity. This is true not only in respect of their feelings for the baby, but for the family as well, especially the parents / Compreender os sentimentos dos profissionais de enfermagem diante da morte de rec?m-nascidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva constitui o objeto desta investiga??o. A motiva??o para realiz?-la decorreu das in?meras dificuldades por n?s vivenciadas no cotidiano profissional e da escassez de publica??es nesta ?rea espec?fica do conhecimento. Tem como objetivos descrever a viv?ncia de profissionais de enfermagem e identificar seus sentimentos diante da morte de rec?m-nascidos em unidade de terapia intensiva. Como procedimento metodol?gico, a pesquisa se pauta em uma abordagem qualitativa com enfoque fenomenol?gico, tendo como pergunta norteadora da entrevista realizada com enfermeiros e t?cnicos de enfermagem, da referida unidade, a seguinte indaga??o: Como voc? se sente diante da morte do rec?m-nascido na UTI em que voc? trabalha? Emergiram do questionamento, acerca deste fen?meno, uma diversidade de sentimentos, como perda, culpa, fracasso, nega??o, compaix?o, tristeza, acompanhados de ang?stia, medo, ansiedade o que resulta numa experi?ncia do mundo sens?vel de cada um. A an?lise teve como aporte te?rico tanto os autores que tratam da fenomenologia, como estudiosos do tema da morte. A partir da compreens?o do fen?meno estudado, podemos afirmar ser a morte do rec?m-nascido para os profissionais de enfermagem, que com ela lidam no espa?o de uma UTI, uma viv?ncia de sentimentos conflituosos, por vezes dolorosos, pela complexidade que encerra. Isto n?o somente em rela??o ? crian?a, mas, sobretudo diante dos familiares, em particular, dos pais

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T22:28:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MikaelleKalineBezerraDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2541653 bytes, checksum: 876e01a9cfee3a08a3a326bf68a54fef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-17T19:36:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MikaelleKalineBezerraDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2541653 bytes, checksum: 876e01a9cfee3a08a3a326bf68a54fef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T19:36:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MikaelleKalineBezerraDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 2541653 bytes, checksum: 876e01a9cfee3a08a3a326bf68a54fef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A partilha de alimentos ? uma pr?tica comum em pequenos agrupamentos principalmente entre parentes, comportamento evolutivo humano, abordado na ecologia humana como um redutor dos riscos a seguran?a alimentar. Dessa forma o estudo objetivou explicar o comportamento de partilha de alimentos entre fam?lias que vivem em uma vila de pescadores pertencente a Touros, RN, com alta depend?ncia dos recursos pesqueiros para economia, e nutri??o familiar, e que t?m as flutua??o ambientais como um redutor da capacidade de pesca. Para testar o comportamento de partilha de alimentos entre essas fam?lias foram testados modelos evolutivos de partilha como: sele??o de parentesco, altru?smo rec?proco, roubo tolerado e dist?ncia, para explicar as estrat?gias utilizadas pelas fam?lias da vila para reduzir os riscos nutricionais causados pelo decl?nio do sucesso de captura. Foram inseridas ao longo do estudo 32 fam?lia divididas em 2 grupos com 16 fam?lias cada: um dependente exclusivamente (DE) e outro n?o dependente exclusivamente (NDE) da pesca como atividade econ?mica. Atrav?s de um recordat?rio de 24 foras , durante 7 dias consecutivos ao m?s, durante 12 meses consecutivos entre setembro de 2011 ? agosto de 2012, fazendo um registro temporal de toda dieta, partilha e produ??o pesqueira das fam?lias. A dieta das fam?lias apresentou-se sob influ?ncia do comercio j? inserido na vila, aumentando o consumo de alimentos industrializados de baixa qualidade . Na partilha a entrada e sa?da de alimentos que subsidiam a car?ncia proteica principalmente em per?odos de declino pesqueiro no n?cleo familiar foi elevado.Dentre os modelos testados a exist?ncia do altru?smo rec?proco entre as fam?lias ? melhor respondeu as necessidades nutricionais das fam?lias, e a dist?ncia entre fam?lias influenciou mais que a rela??o de parentesco na escolha de parceiros para a partilha. / Food sharing is a common practice in small groups and it is understood by many authors as a behavior shaped by evolution, whose goals would be to decrease the risks of food shortage in harsher periods, to favor kin, and indirectly, favor one?s own individual fitness, to avoid conflicts, and even to establish alliances and partnerships. In this context, the current study describes the diet and investigates the food sharing behavior among families from an artisanal, but commercial, fishing village in the municipality of Touros, Rio Grande do Norte State (NE Brazil) with a high dependency on fishing resources affected by seasonal environmental fluctuations. The study was divided in two parts, here presented as two distinct chapters. For the first chapter, 32 families were sampled, after being divided in two groups of 16 families each: one exclusively dependent (FD) and another non-exclusively dependent on fisheries (NFD) as its main economic activity. The diet of these families was registered through the 24h- recall method along 10 consecutive days per month both in January (locally considered the most productive month for fisheries) and in June (considered the least productive month for fisheries). The diet and food sharing of the FD families were compared to the NFD for the high and low fisheries productivity period. This comparison showed that both groups, regardless of their dependence level on fisheries, have their diet and food sharing directly affected by the fisheries success. However, FD families tended to share slightly more food in periods of high productivity and they were also more subjected to a lower quality diet in periods of food shortage than NFD families. One of the likely explanations for such differences is the fact that FD families are more subjected to environmental unpredictability and sharing would help decrease such uncertainty. Such higher unpredictability associated to a consequent lower income would also explain the ingestion of lower nutritional quality food during shortage periods. For the second chapter, only the FD families were sampled, although in this case the sample took place along seven consecutive days per month during 12 months, between September 2011 and August 2012 (the three extra sampling days in January and June were not considered in this chapter), which allo wed the register of diet, food sharing and fisheries along the whole year. To investigate the food sharing behavior of these families, some evolutionary models were tested, such as kinship selection, reciprocal altruism, and tolerated theft (or tolerated scrounge), besides physical aspects that could indirectly support some of these models, such as geographical distance. These models were used with the intent of explaining the strategies used by these families in order to decrease the nutritional risks brought about by fisheries seasonal fluctuations. The results showed that FD families shared food mostly due to reciprocal altruism, and, secondarily due to the distance between households. Families tended to share more and more often with families that paid their favor back, but especially with those that were living geographically close. Despite the commercial insertion of this group, basal mechanisms, such as reciprocal altruism, still work, probably because the essential conditions for its continuation are still there, such as living in small groups and having repetitive interactions between cooperative pairs. This suggests that commerce, with all of its likely associated socioeconomic changes, is not necessarily a disruptor of evolutionary cooperation mechanisms (at least for reciprocal altruism), probably as long as other conditions, such as group size and constant interactions, are kept. As such, this study not only details how the diet and food sharing of coastal families are affected directly and indirectly by fisheries, but it also helps understand cooperation maintenance mechanisms regarding food sharing.

Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) require electricity providers to supply a minimum fixed percentage or total quantity of customer load from designated renewable energy resources by a given date. These policies have become increasingly prevalent in the past decade as state governments seek to increase the use of renewable energy sources. As a policy tool, RPS provide a cost-effective, market-based approach for meeting targets which promote greater use of renewable energy in both regulated and deregulated markets. To facilitate the obtainment of Renewable Portfolio Standards, most states allow the trading of Renewable Energy Credits (RECs). RECs represent the environmental attributes of renewable energy generation which are decoupled from the generated power. These credits are created along with the generation of renewable energy, decoupled from energy generation, tracked by regional systems, and eventually purchased by retail suppliers to fulfill their RPS obligations. As of April 2010, RPS have been passed into law in 29 states and Washington D.C. and an additional 6 states have non-mandatory renewable portfolio goals however the U.S. government has yet to enact a Federal Renewable Portfolio Standard. Although the final requirements and details of a Federal RPS are undecided, federal standards would be unlikely to preempt or override state programs which are already in place. A key concern regarding the passage of a federal RPS is that a national REC market would result in a shift of wealth from states with few renewable energy resources and limited resource potential to regions richer in renewable resources. Because of the implications that a federal renewable portfolio standard would have on the economy, the environment, and the equitable treatment of all the states, many issues and concerns must be resolved before federal standards will be passed into law. A theoretical case study for an electric utility generation planning decision that includes obligations to meet Renewable Portfolio Standard is presented here. A framework is provided that allows decision makers and strategic planning teams to: assess their business situation, identify objectives of generation planning, determine the relative weights of the objectives, recognize tradeoffs, and create an efficient portfolio using Portfolio Theory. The case study follows the business situation for Austin Energy as it seeks to meet Texas State RPS and mandates set by Austin City Council and prepares for potential National RPS legislation. / text

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:02:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDITE_TEREZINHA_MORAES_PARCIAL.pdf: 394439 bytes, checksum: a77f6679003a5b30427a13c02eb7720c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:02:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDITE_TEREZINHA_MORAES_PARCIAL.pdf: 394439 bytes, checksum: a77f6679003a5b30427a13c02eb7720c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:03:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDITE_TEREZINHA_MORAES_PARCIAL.pdf: 394439 bytes, checksum: a77f6679003a5b30427a13c02eb7720c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Objectives: To assess the prevalence of neonatal complications requiring special care, respiratory morbidity and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, according to the type of delivery, in a private hospital with a high prevalence of cesarean section. Methods: Retrospective study, involving neonates of ?37 weeks of gestational age and birthweight of ?2,500 g whose births occurred between February 2013 and June 2016. Neonates with malformations and/or congenital infections who required special care were excluded. The electronic charts were reviewed by two authors and the data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 22.0 program using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Z test. Patients were classified according to type of delivery: vaginal delivery; cesarean section after onset of labor; scheduled cesarean section; cesarean section after rupture of membranes; cesarean section due to specific pathologies or conditions, including maternal hypertensive disease, diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction and twinning; and emergency cesarean section. Subsequently, the types of delivery were reclassified into larger groups for analysis: Group 1: vaginal delivery + cesarean section after labor; Group 2: scheduled cesarean section + cesarean section after rupture of membranes + cesarean section due to pathology. The emergency cesarean section was analyzed separately. Results: A total of 12,528 newborns were included in the study, of which 6,894 (55%) were born by scheduled cesarean section, 3,252 (26%) by other types of cesarean section and 2,382 (19%) by vaginal delivery, resulting in a prevalence of cesarean section of 81%. Fifty-three percent of parturient women were primiparous. Birth weight was significantly higher in scheduled cesarean section than in other types of delivery. The gestational age was not different comparing scheduled cesarean section and vaginal delivery, (median 39 weeks), but was higher in these than in other modes of delivery (median 38 weeks). The need for special care (hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) in Group 1 was 2.68% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.06-3.31%) and in Group 2 it was 2.85% (95%CI 2.25-3.21), a non-significant difference (p=0.680). However, analyzing for gestational age, the need for special care in Group 2 was significantly more frequent for those born before 38 weeks (p=0.023) and less frequent for those born after 40 weeks (p=0.026). In the other gestational ages, no significant differences were found between groups. The incidence of early respiratory distress was 0.93% (95%CI 0.56-1.31) in Group 1 and 1.17% in Group 2 (p=0.389). The incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was 0.23% (95%CI 0.05-0.42) in Group 1 and zero in Group 2 (p<0.001). During the study period, there was only one maternal death, in the emergency cesarean section group. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of neonatal morbidity was related to birth before 38 weeks of gestation in the group that included scheduled cesarean section + cesarean section after rupture of membranes + cesarean section due to pathology, compared to the group that included vaginal delivery + intrapartum cesarean section. These results support the recommendations that elective cesareans should be avoided before the 39 completed weeks of gestation. In this sample, cesarean section without previous labor was associated with a reduced risk of hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy in the neonate. / Objetivos: Avaliar a preval?ncia de complica??es neonatais com necessidade de cuidados especiais, morbidade respirat?ria e encefalopatia hip?xico-isqu?mica, de acordo com o tipo de parto, em um hospital privado com alta preval?ncia de cesarianas. M?todos: Estudo retrospectivo que incluiu rec?m-nascidos de ?37 semanas de idade gestacional e peso de nascimento ?2.500 g cujos partos ocorreram no per?odo de fevereiro de 2013 a junho de 2016. Foram exclu?dos os rec?m-nascidos com malforma??es e/ou infec??es cong?nitas que necessitaram de cuidados especiais. Os prontu?rios eletr?nicos foram revisados por dois autores e os dados foram analisados por meio do programa IBM SPSS vers?o 22.0, utilizando teste do qui quadrado ou exato de Fisher, Kruskal-Wallis e teste Z. Os pacientes foram classificados conforme o tipo de parto: parto vaginal; ces?rea ap?s trabalho de parto; ces?rea agendada; ces?rea por bolsa rota; ces?rea por patologias ou situa??es espec?ficas, incluindo doen?a materna hipertensiva, diabetes, restri??o do crescimento intrauterino e gemelaridade; e ces?rea de emerg?ncia. Posteriormente, os tipos de parto foram reclassificados em grupos maiores para a an?lise: Grupo 1: parto vaginal + ces?rea ap?s trabalho de parto; Grupo 2: ces?rea agendada + ces?rea por bolsa rota + ces?rea por patologia. A ces?rea de emerg?ncia foi analisada separadamente. Resultados: Foram inclu?dos no estudo 12.528 rec?m-nascidos, dos quais 6.894 (55%) nasceram por ces?rea agendada, 3.252 (26%) pelos outros tipos de ces?rea e 2.382 (19%) por parto vaginal, resultando em uma preval?ncia de cesarianas de 81%. Cinquenta e tr?s por cento das parturientes eram prim?paras. O peso ao nascer foi significativamente maior na ces?rea agendada do que nos outros tipos de parto. A idade gestacional n?o foi diferente comparando ces?rea agendada e parto vaginal, (mediana 39 semanas), mas foi maior nestes do que nos outros modos de parto (mediana 38 semanas). A necessidade de cuidados especiais (interna??o na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal) no Grupo 1 foi de 2,68% (intervalo de confian?a [IC]95% 2,06-3,31%) e no Grupo 2 foi de 2,85% (IC95% 2,25-3,21), diferen?a n?o significativa (p=0,680). Por?m, analisando por idade gestacional, a necessidade de cuidados especiais do Grupo 2 foi significativamente mais frequente para os nascidos antes de 38 semanas (p=0,023) e menos frequente para os nascidos ap?s as 40 semanas (p=0,026). Nas demais idades gestacionais n?o foram encontradas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos. A incid?ncia de disfun??o respirat?ria precoce foi de 0,93% (IC95% 0,56-1,31) no Grupo 1 e de 1,17% no Grupo 2 (p=0,389). A incid?ncia de encefalopatia hip?xico-isqu?mica foi 0,23% (IC95% 0,05- 0,42) no Grupo 1 e zero no Grupo 2 (p <0,001). Durante o per?odo do estudo, houve apenas uma morte materna, no grupo ces?rea de emerg?ncia. Conclus?es: Houve maior preval?ncia de morbidade neonatal, relacionada ao nascimento antes das 38 semanas de idade gestacional, no grupo que incluiu ces?rea agendada + ces?rea por bolsa rota + ces?rea por patologia, comparado ao grupo que incluiu parto vaginal + ces?rea intraparto, apoiando as recomenda??es de que as cesarianas eletivas devem ser evitadas antes das 39 semanas completas de gesta??o. Nesta amostra, a cesariana sem trabalho de parto pr?vio foi associada a risco reduzido de encefalopatia hip?xico-isqu?mica no rec?m-nascido.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-04-17T14:56:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 467436 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1032880 bytes, checksum: fe6a5cdc8a8a19fcdd26e292b39e3c16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:56:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 467436 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1032880 bytes, checksum: fe6a5cdc8a8a19fcdd26e292b39e3c16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) described for the first in 1967 presents as its main characteristic refractory hypoxemia. Since then, many have tried to define the syndrome and 1994 the American-European Consensus Conference (AECC) established more acccurate criteria for its diagnosis. Due to criticism to that model, in 2012 the Berlin definition was published categorizing three kinds of patients based on the PaO?/FiO? ratio according the severity of the hypoxemia and with a minumum level of PEEP of 5 cmH?O. From then on it has been established: PaO?/FiO? < 100 mmHg as severe ARDS, 100 < PaO?/FiO? ? 200 mmHg as moderate ARDS and 200 < PaO?/FiO? ? 300 mmHg as mild ARDS. The mortality rate will be higher according to the severity of the syndrome. The research were done with adults. Objective: To reclassify ARDS patients at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) according to the Berlin definition, describe their main characteristics, their clinical evolution focusing on mechanical ventilation (MV) parameters relating them to outcomes, especially mortality rate. Methods: Retrospective study carried out at the PICU at Hospital S?o Lucas - PUCRS, which is an academic hospital. All hypoxemic patients in MV diagnosed with ARDS were included in the study from February 2011 to December 2013 based on the patients records review. The patients were categorized according to both the AECC criteria and the Berlin definition, and then compared. Results: 28 patients were selected. On the first day of MV, 20 patients were considered severe ARDS, 7 patients with moderate and 1 patient with mild. There were 12 deaths (42.8%) at the end of the 28th day. Among them, 10 patients were classified as severe ARDS and 2 as moderate. Despite the different mortality rate between the groups such difference cannot be statistically proved (p=0.69). The four patients who underwent dialysis died. All patients were on antibiotics and 60% of them on more than one regimen. The mean of the ventilatory parameters were PIP 35 ? 6 PEEP 9 ? 3 and FiO? 0.73 ? 0.19. The median of the time of MV was 7 days (IIQ 5-14) and the length of stay at the PICU was 12 (IIQ 6-26). Conclusions: The Berlin definition was useful for identifying the most severe patients in this small sample. Despite the adequate ventilatory management, the mortality rate of ARDS is still high and its reduction, a big challenge. Further studies in Pediatrics are highly recommended. / s?ndrome do desconforto respirat?rio agudo (SDRA) ? caracterizada por um quadro de hipoxemia refrat?ria ao uso de oxig?nio complementar descrita pela primeira vez em 1967. A partir da? foram realizadas diversas tentativas de definir a s?ndrome e em 1994 a American-European Consensus Conference (AECC) prop?s crit?rios diagn?sticos mais acurados e amplamente difundidos. Face as cr?ticas ao modelo vigente at? ent?o, em 2012 a defini??o de Berlin foi publicada e subdividiu os pacientes acometidos em tr?s diferentes categorias baseado na rela??o PaO?/FiO? de acordo com a gravidade da hipoxemia e com um PEEP m?nimo de 5 cmH?O. Assim s?o considerados portadores de SDRA severa se a PaO?/FiO? < 100 mmHg, moderada se entre 200 e 300 mmHg 2 leve se entre 200 e 300 mmHg e cada subclasse apresenta um progn?stico espec?fico, sendo os pacientes mais severos com maior possibilidade de ?bito. Estes estudos foram feitos em pacientes adultos. Objetivo: Reclassificar segundo os crit?rios de Berlin os pacientes acometidos com SDRA na UTI Pedi?trica, descrever suas principais caracter?sticas, o manejo cl?nico com ?nfase na evolu??o ventilat?ria e correlacionar com os principais desfechos, especialmente mortalidade. M?todos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo realizado na UTI Pedi?trica do Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS que ? de n?vel terci?rio com v?nculo universit?rio. Todos os pacientes em ventila??o mec?nica (VM) com quadro hipox?mico diagnosticados como SDRA foram inclu?dos no estudo no per?odo de fevereiro de 2011 at? dezembro de 2013 com base em revis?o de prontu?rios. Os pacientes foram classificados segundo os crit?rios da AECC e tamb?m a defini??o de Berlin e comparados, bem como registradas suas caracter?sticas e evolu??o cl?nica e manejo ventilat?rio. Resultados: Foram selecionados 28 pacientes. No primeiro dia de VM 20 pacientes foram selecionados como SDRA severa, 7 como SDRA moderada e 1 como SDRA leve. Houve 12 ?bitos (42,8%) ao final de 28 dias, sendo 10 pacientes com classifica??o inicial severa e 2 moderada. Apesar de existir diferen?a num?rica de mortalidade entre os grupos esta diferen?a n?o pode ser comprovada estatisticamente (p=0,69). Os quatro pacientes que fizeram uso de terapia de substitui??o renal foram a ?bito. Todos os pacientes fizeram uso de antibi?tico e 60% deles receberam mais de um esquema. Os valores m?dios dos par?metros ventilat?rios mensurados foram PIP de 35 ? 6, PEEP 9 ? 3 e FiO? 0,73 ? 0,19. A mediana do tempo de ventila??o mec?nica em dias foi de 7 (IIQ 5-14) e o tempo de interna??o 12 dias (IIQ 6-26). Conclus?es: O emprego da defini??o de Berlin foi ?til na identifica??o dos pacientes mais graves nesta pequena amostra. Apesar do adequado manejo ventilat?rio ter melhorado o progn?stico dos pacientes com SDRA as taxas de mortalidade continuam elevadas e reduzi-las ? um grande desafio. Mais estudos espec?ficos da popula??o pedi?trica s?o necess?rios.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:32:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 401343.pdf: 680436 bytes, checksum: 76057ad8532ed8758077433cdc390f2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-02 / O sildenafil ? um potente vasodilatador usado no tratamento da hipertens?o pulmonar persistente do rec?m nascido, entretanto existe conflito sobre os dados referentes ao efeito sobre a oxigena??o. Testamos o efeito sobre a vasoconstri??o pulmonar hip?xica (HPV) em porcos rec?m nascidos. Um segmento do pulm?o atelect?tico foi criado atrav?s da obstru??o de um br?nquio. O fluxo sangu?neo total e o fluxo local para o lobo atelect?tico e o lobo contra-lateral foram mensurados atrav?s da resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear (MRI), 30 minutos e ap?s a administra??o de sildenafil (0.2 e 1mg/kg ev) ou solu??o salina. O fluxo estava reduzido (P<0.01) no lobo atelect?tico e aumentado no lobo contra-lateral, indicando uma resposta da HPV adequada. Sildenafil nas doses oferecidas significativamente (P<0.01) aumenta o fluxo local para o lobo atelect?tico. Na dose de 1mg/Kg causa uma diminui??o da PaO2 de 285?37 para 161?22 mmHg (P<0.01). N?s conclu?mos que o rec?m nascido apresenta uma resposta HPV adequada, que interrompe quase por completo o fluxo de sangue para ?reas n?o ventiladas do pulm?o. Esse fen?meno ? revertido ap?s a administra??o do sildenafil endovenoso de forma dose dependente. Na presen?a de doen?a do par?nquima pulmonar, o uso de sildenafil endovenoso para o tratamento de hipertens?o pulmonar pode piorar a oxigena??o atrav?s da revers?o da resposta pulmonar vasoconstritora nas ?reas n?o ventiladas do pulm?o.