The aim of this investigation was to determine the modes of thinking and learning of South African disadvantaged learners as well as to discover whether the teaching methods used by their teachers, encourage diverse cognitive skills and learning styles amongst learners. A survey of existing literature on this subject identifies a number of theories that indicate that learners come to school with diverse modes of thinking and learning. Furthermore, existing literature, indicate that educationally disadvantaged learners tend towards a Field Dependent, socially orientated mode of cognitive processing and a largely visual and kinaesthetic mode of sensory processing information. Research also reveals that teaching methods and teacher expectation of learner potential play a vital role in the academic achievement of disadvantaged learners. Teachers tend to have lower expectations of the academic potential of disadvantaged learners. Moreover, teachers tend to favour teaching methods that meet the needs of learners who use Field Independent cognitive and Auditory sensory processing. Another aspect acknowledged in existing literature that influences the academic achievement of disadvantaged learners is the role of family and the community. Disadvantaged learners generally do not have the support and security of a stable home and are frequently exposed to violence and an educationally impoverished environment. Parents and guardians tend to be less involved in the education of their children. Disadvantaged learners who were part of this empirical study conducted in the Ekhuruleni Metropolitan area, east of Johannesburg, South Africa, showed a more concrete approach to academic activities and revealed a tendency towards Field Dependency and a visual and kinaesthetic sensory approach to processing information. Learners preferred more frequent social interaction during academic activities. The study also found that the teaching method most commonly used in the geographical area mentioned above, took the form of lecturing or `chalk-and-talk' and that teaching aids generally took the form of worksheets. Hence the teaching approach most used by teachers in the study, did not address the modes of thinking and learning of disadvantaged learners in the schools that participated in the empirical study and generally did not encourage deeper cognitive structures. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

A number of previous studies have examined lay counsellor training within a modernist paradigm. By contrast, this study collaboratively presents ways of training pastoral caregivers using a participatory approach to practical theology and pastoral care in the postmodern time in which we live. The research journey starts from the premise that postmodernity calls for the mediation of a new approach to practising theology, pastoral care and giving authority to ordinary members of the church through training in pastoral work. This work therefore describes Participatory Pastoral Care (PPC) training as a suggested way to train people of God to use participatory approaches. The research journey also explores how the PPC training constructions they participated in brought about transformations in the co-researchers' lives, relationships, caring practices and the societies in which they live. This practical theology research document introduces the participants as co-researchers and theologians. The recollections shared by the participants reveal a rich variety of stories as these participants reflect on their lives, caring practices and faith journeys. This research document is viewed through the lens of a postmodern epistemology that builds on social constructionist and poststructuralist perspectives. Thirty-three participants embarked on this feminist narrative participatory action research journey, not only to tell their stories, but also to negotiate and challenge ways of training pastoral caregivers within a participatory practical theological and pastoral approach. This research document informs the church, theological institutions and broader caregiver practices through narratives about what the participating members of various congregations find helpful in the co-construction of participatory pastoral training and what they do not find helpful. The methods used to gather the recollections of the participants were multiple reflexive conversations and the discussion of a semi-structured questionnaire. This research journey therefore offers a deeper understanding of the experience of being part of a postmodern construction of training for participatory pastoral caregivers that has the transformation of society as its theological aim. / Practical Theology / D.Th. (Practical Theology - with specialisation in Pastoral Therapy)

Text in English / This research explores the meaning of the first and second-order therapeutic stances with reference to the therapist's professional and personal development. The dominant positivist paradigm was reflected in the therapist's initial position of expert observer, outside of the observed. The observed phenomena were a group of children suffering from thalassemia major, a terminal genetic disease, and their mothers. The initial idea of short-term intervention and focus on the observed evolved into six-year journey where the observer and the observed became an interconnected unit of observation, understanding and change. A first-order stance led to therapeutic stuckness, where the therapist's confrontation with her therapeutic failure and the limitations of the dominant paradigm provoked a deconstruction of the expert position and promoted a self-reflexive therapeutic stance. The author's self-searching process took her back to her personal self, her family of origin and the ''wounded healer". The researcher moved from an initial disconnection between her professional and personal selves to an awareness of the interface between the two and, ultimately, to a unification of her professional and personal selves. Such development involved an individuation process moving from a narcissistic belief in her objective stance towards a therapeutic stance where she sees herself less as a powerful agent of change and moves to an increasingly higher order of integration of the professional and personal selves (Skovholt & Ronnestad, 1992). The process with the children and mothers shifted from a focus on compliance and medical issues to more personal and emotional stories. The therapist's participation and collaborative stance created a context for change, where greatly improved medical compliance was just one of the many transformations experienced by all the participants. The researcher speculates that development of a second-order stance requires second-order change, which comes "at the end of long, often frustrating mental and emotional labor" (Watzlawick et al., 1974, p. 23), promoting integration between the professional and personal selves of the therapist. The researcher therefore contends that this process has important implications for psychotherapy training, supervision and continuing education. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

保戶行動主義，也可以說是保單持有人行動主義，係指為因應保險監理國際化，兩岸監理平台的建立，及長年期保險商品的特殊性，對於積極的保單持有人，經由參與公司治理的方式，保障自身的權利。 保戶行動主義的內涵，為將相互保險公司中，保單持有人參與公司治理的模式引導至股份保險公司之中。其目的為促成保單持有人、監理官及保險公司三贏的局面。對於保單持有人而言，為積極性的權益維護，可分為三個方面：第一，因應投保後所產生的問題；第二，取代現行機制對於保單持有人保障可能的失靈或僅是消極性的事後補救措施；第三，鼓勵保單持有人與公司溝通，符合國際上的治理原則。對於監理官而言，則可降低政府對於保險業的監理成本，也就是，政府為維護保單持有人的權益及維護資金的安全性，對於保險業採用高度監理所衍生的成本。對於保險公司而言，除了經由保戶行動主義，得以降低監理強度，而增加公司的市場競爭力之外，也可藉由與保單持有人的溝通而建立正面形象，設計符合客戶需求的商品，進而創造新業績。 本研究將保戶行動主義的制度設計分為規範與架構兩方面，在制度規範形成上，採用寇恩所倡議的反思法法理；在架構設計上，則採用史特姆所建議的制度公民及觸媒組織的架構。公司治理分為內部治理與外部監理，經由反思法的自反性、同源互生性與原則性，將能加強內部治理的自律性，進而降低外部監理的強制性。然而因自發性或反思性形成規範必須經由多數人的討論，為達對話效率，則輔以電子治理網站為對話平台，並在觸媒組織中提出以「核心專家群」為網站的主導者，且為充分對話後的主要決策者，如此將可有效率的形成與廣大保單持有人的對話機制，並尋求多數人的共識，並可增加資訊揭露的透明度。 保戶行動主義中，保戶公民選任保戶董事作為代表，而對話機制則為整體制度成效的關鍵，總共分為四個層面，第一稱為保戶行動主義與法律的對話，論述保戶董事委任關係的法律性質，以及對核心專家群委任的法律性質；第二為保戶公民間的對話，著重對話品質的管理；第三為為保戶行動主義與監理的對話，藉由監理策略形成監理法規的二元規範；最後以保戶董事與股東董事間的對話機制，作為保戶行動主義與股東行動主義對話的代理行為。 為驗證保戶行動主義的有效性，本研究建構其對於治理效率與治理賽局的實證模型以用於未來的實證研究，最後並以兩岸間的弱體保險公司為個案作為說明保戶行動主義應用上的利益實效，為質性上的說明。 / Policyholder activism is to cope with the globalization of insurance supervision, the establishment of the supervision platform between Taiwan and Mainland China, and the special features of the long term insurance, in order for the active policyholders protecting their rights by participating the corporate governance. The connotation of policyholder activism refers to introduce the role of policyholders in mutual life company into the corporate governance for the stock life insurance company. It is of the all-win purpose among the policyholders, the regulator, and the insurance company. For the policyholders, it is to actively safeguard the interests of policyholders, and could be achieved by three aspects, first of all is to avoid the arguments after issuing policy; secondly is to provide an alternative to current mechanisms for the policyholders which might be failure or just a passive response afterwards; the final is to comply the global governance principle by encouraging policyholders to communicate with the corporate. For the regulator, it is to reduce the supervision costs which mainly maintain the rights of policyholders, and the security of the funds. For the insurance company, it is not only by reducing supervision power, in order to increase the market competitiveness, but also by communicating with the policyholders, in order to create the positive image, to know the needs of customers and then to increase the performance. In this study, the structure of policyholder activism is divided into the aspects of norms and framework. This study adopts the reflexive law proposed by Jean Cohen for the norms strategy, and the concepts of institutional citizenship and catalyst group proposed by Susan Sturm for the framework design. Basically, the corporate governance system can be separated into internal governance and external supervision. By three properties of the reflex law, the reflexive, the co-original and the principled, will strengthen the regulated self-regulation of internal governance into norms, thereby reducing the enforcement of external supervision. However, reflex law requires through the democracy process from people discussion to complete the norms, to improve efficacy of discussion, the platform of electronic governance (e-governance) is supposed to be applied. For this purpose, this study introduces “core expert group” in the organizational catalysts as a manager and the decision maker after fully discussion. Then it will become an efficient dialogue mechanism for the consensus with the majority of policyholders, and for the more transparency of the disclosed information. For policyholder activism, the policyholder-director(s), on behalf of the institutional citizenship of policyholders, is(are) elected, therefore the dialogue mechanism is the key of the all, it can be separated into four levels; the first level is called the “dialogue between policyholder activism and the law” which discourses the issues of the legal nature for policyholder-director who appointed by two parties, and the core expert group; the second level is called the “dialogue among policyholders” which focuses on the management of quality; the third level is called the “dialogue between policyholder activism and supervisors” to build the duality of norms by regulation strategy; and the final level is called the “dialogue between policyholder activism and shareholder activism” which represented by the dialogue mechanism between the policyholder-director and the shareholder-director. To validate the effectiveness of policyholder activism, this study constructs the models of performance and game theory for future empirical study. This study finally selects two cases of the impaired insurance companies each in Taiwan and Mainland China, and then discusses the qualitative benefits for the application of policyholder activism.

我國著作權集體管理團體發展至今，僅存五家集管團體，無論是會員數或業務總額皆與國外規模相距甚遠，難以有效達成降低授權成本、使著作充分流通利用與保障著作權的功用。追根究柢原因在於：無法從使用報酬費率的制訂過程中，取得利用人與集管團體間的共識。 隨著數位技術的演進，著作權利用方式與型態日趨多元，立法者的觀點卻趕不上時代的變化，倘若爭議處理方式仍僅限於規範的抽象內容探討與適用，往往難以得到當事人欲求的結果。Teubner認為現今複雜分歧的社會需要一個去中心化的社會整合機制，將傳統法律的管制負擔轉移至其他社會體系；法律只有在為其他社會次級體系的反思過程提供結構性前提時，才能實現其自身的反思取向，發揮反思法的社會整合功能。因此，若能開展調解、仲裁等訴訟外爭議解決機制，除了即時有效解決紛爭，避免法院訟累，並能於協調過程中充分揭露資訊，使當事人間贏得互信，不失為一種發展反思性程序的可能。 本文從Teubner反思法的角度觀察，輔以中國、日本、美國、德國的著作權集體管理制度之立法例與實踐概況，作整體歸納分析，從中擷取出具有反思理性特徵做比較評析。最後，透過反思法理論所提出當今法律演化的特徵，對於我國將來建構良善的集體管理團體制度，提供一些不同的思考觀點。 / In the diversity of social economics activities, recent developments in the evolution of neighboring rightsand reflects the change of publication displaying methods due to technology.Such development may create inner conflict and endanger the law system. If people explore the reason of conflict and disposal process just at the point of normative abstract content and applicable, it will always be unable to gain the ideal result. Collective management organizations(CMOs) is an important indicator of copyright protection. CMOs’ operation reduces the licensing costs, promotes the legal exploitation of works, achieves broad public access of copyrighted works, and protects the benefits of copyright owners. Indeed, a reasonable royalty rate is the core for the successful operation of CMOs. Thisstudy isfrom the view ofTeubner's Theory of Reflexive Law, to observe the substantial social effectiveness of copyright collective management under the control of law and providing the structural premises for reflexive processes in other social subsystems.According to the characteristic of reflexive law,this thesis aimed to introducea new tendency to settle collective management of copyright.

À l’ère de la mondialisation institutionnelle des sociétés modernes, alors que la confluence d’une myriade d’influences à la fois micro et macro-contextuelles complexifient le panorama sociopolitique international, l’intégration de l’idéal participatif par les processus de démocratisation de la santé publique acquiert l’apparence d’une stratégie organisationnelle promouvant la cohésion des multiples initiatives qui se tissent simultanément aux échelles locale et globale. L’actualisation constante des savoirs contemporains par les divers secteurs sociétaux ainsi que la perception sociale de différents risques conduisent à la prise de conscience des limites de la compétence technique des systèmes experts associés au domaine de la santé et des services sociaux. La santé publique, une des responsables légitimes de la gestion des risques modernes à l’échelle internationale, fait la promotion de la création d’espaces participatifs permettant l’interaction mutuelle d’acteurs intersectoriels et de savoirs multiples constamment modifiables. Il s’agit là d’une stratégie de relocalisation institutionnelle de l’action collective afin de rétablir la confiance envers la fiabilité des représentants de la santé publique internationale, qui ne répondent que partiellement aux besoins actuels de la sécurité populationnelle. Dans ce contexte, les conseils locaux de santé (CLS), mis en place à l’échelle internationale dans le cadre des politiques régionales de décentralisation des soins de santé primaires (SSP), représentent ainsi des espaces participatifs intéressants qui renferment dans leur fonctionnement tout un univers de forces de tension paradoxales. Ils nous permettent d’examiner la relation de caractère réciproque existant entre, d’une part, une approche plus empirique par l’analyse en profondeur des pratiques participatives (PP) plus spécifiques et, d’autre part, une compréhension conceptuelle de la mondialisation institutionnelle qui définit les tendances expansionnistes très générales des sociétés contemporaines. À l’aide du modèle de la transition organisationnelle (MTO), nous considérons que les PP intégrées à la gouverne des CLS sont potentiellement porteuses de changement organisationnel, dans le sens où elles sont la condition et la conséquence de nombreuses traductions stratégiques et systémiques essentiellement transformatrices. Or, pour qu’une telle transformation puisse s’accomplir, il est nécessaire de développer les compétences participatives pertinentes, ce qui confère au phénomène participatif la connotation d’apprentissage organisationnel de nouvelles formes d’action et d’intervention collectives. Notre modèle conceptuel semble fournir un ensemble de considérations épistémosociales fort intéressantes et très prometteuses permettant d’examiner en profondeur les dimensions nécessaires d’un renouvellement organisationnel de la participation dans le champ complexe de la santé publique internationale. Il permet de concevoir les interventions complexes comme des réseaux épistémiques de pratiques participatives (RÉPP) rassemblant des acteurs très diversifiés qui s’organisent autour d’un processus de conceptualisation transculturelle de connaissances ainsi que d’opérationnalisation intersectorielle des actions, et ce, par un ensemble de mécanismes d’instrumentalisation organisationnelle de l’apprentissage. De cette façon, le MTO ainsi que la notion de RÉPP permettent de mieux comprendre la création de passages incessants entre l’intégration locale des PP dans la gouverne des interventions complexes de la santé et des services sociaux – tels que les CLS –, et les processus plus larges de réorganisation démocratique de la santé publique dans le contexte global de la mondialisation institutionnelle. Cela pourrait certainement nous aider à construire collectivement l’expression réflexive et manifeste des valeurs démocratiques proposées dans la Déclaration d’Alma-Ata, publiée en 1978, lors de la première Conférence internationale sur les SSP. / In an age of the institutional globalization of modern societies, the confluence of a myriad of micro- and macro-contextual factors complicates the international socio-political arena. In this context, the integration of participatory values through the democratization processes of Public Health takes on the appearance of an organizational strategy promoting cohesion among a multitude of local and global initiatives. The constant renewal of intersectoral knowledge and the social perception of risk suggest an increased social awareness regarding the limits of technical competence of social and healthcare Systems. As a legitimate international actor in the management of modern health risks, Public Health creates participatory spaces that enable interaction of intersectoral actors and constantly changing and dynamic knowledge. It is indeed a strategy of the institutional “relocalisation” of collective action, aiming to restore trust in the level of reliability of international Public Health representatives who only partially meet the current needs of population security. In this context, Local Health Councils (LHC), implemented internationally as part of decentralized Primary Health Care (PHC) regional policies, represent participative spaces that involve countless paradoxical forces of tension. The LHC provides both an opportunity to examine the reciprocal relationship between an in-depth empirical analysis of specific participatory practices (PP), as well as a conceptual comprehension of the institutional globalization defining the general expansionist tendencies of modern societies. Using the organizational transition model (OTM), we postulate that the integration of PP into LHC governance is potentially associated with organizational change in creating both the conditions and the consequences of numerous strategic and systemic translations, which are essentially transformative. However, in order for this transformation to occur, relevant participative skills need to be developed. Consequently, this participative phenomenon takes on the shape of an organizational learning process allowing new forms of collective action and intervention to be accomplished. Our conceptual model offers a set of interesting and promising “epistemosocial” considerations for an in-depth examination of the dimensions essential for an organizational renewal of participation in the complex field of Global Health. Through the OTM, we conceive complex interventions as epistemic networks of participative practices (ENPP) composed of a wide range of actors organized around a double process of transcultural conceptualization of knowledge and inter-sector operationalization of action. This process is possible through a set of mechanisms of organizational instrumentation of learning. In this way, the OTM and the concept of ENPP allow for a better understanding of the unceasing transition between the local integration of PP in the governance of complex interventions in the field of health and social services – such as LCH – and the broader processes of democratic reorganization of Public Health in a global context of institutional globalization. This could certainly help us to collectively construct a reflexive and manifest expression of democratic values proposed in Alma-Ata Declaration published in 1978 during the first International Conference on PHC.

Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées avec le logiciels SPSS 11.0(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) et AMOS 6 (Analysis of Moment Structures. La base de données de l'étude a été crée et receuillie par Caroline Despatie en collaboration avec Dr. Dianne Casoni. / Considérant les effets négatifs sur le développement des enfants associées à l'utilisation de châtiments corporels, un ensemble considérable de la recherche a tenté de proposer une avenue pour interrompre le cercle vicieux de la violence intergénérationnelle. Toutefois, on pourrait argumenter qu`une limitation majeure dans la plupart de ces études réside dans le fait que très peu d`entre eux ont eu comme but d`investiguer l'importance d`une troisième variable comme le sentiment de mériter le châtiment, les explications reçues sur l`équité de la peine imposée ou les attitudes qu`une personne peut garder envers cette méthode éducative. En utilisant la modélisation d'équations structurelles, la présente étude a démontré que la relation apparente entre les variables subjectives et sociodémographiques liés à l`expérience de la punition corporelle et l`intention de faire recours à cette méthode éducative en tant que parent est en fait expliquée par le rôle de médiation joué par d'autres variables telles que les attitudes à l'égard de châtiments corporels, le type de châtiments corporels, la façon dont le châtiment a été perçu par le sujet et les raisons données par l'agent pour motiver la peine infligée. La thèse principale avancée par le présent étude est à l`effet qu`une fois le rôle d`une troisième variable est considéré dans l`équation (par exemple, l'attitude envers les châtiments corporels), l'apparente relation entre les variables objectives et les résultats final, soit l`intention de recourir a la punition corporelle, disparaît. Plus précisément, comme il en résulte de l’analyse de modélisation, ce sont les médiateurs qui expliquent toute association possible entre les variables objectives et l`intention d'utiliser les châtiments corporels. C'est-à-dire, un modèle qui ne contiennent aucune liaison directe entre les variables objectives, et directement mésurables (c'est-à-dire l`âgé lors de la punition, le fait d'être un immigrant, la fréquence de la peine, le nombre d'objets utilisés, le nombre d`agents punisseurs, le sexe) et l'intention d'utiliser les châtiments corporels correspond aux données. De surcroît, parmi les quatre médiateurs pris en compte dans notre modèle, ce sont les opinions à l`égard de la punition corporelle qui possèdent la meilleure capacité prédictive en ce qui a trait à l`intention de recourir aux châtiments corporels. Finalement, afin d'étudier le profil des différences entre les sujets en fonction de leurs expériences passées avec les châtiments corporels, les explications reçues pour la peine, et leurs attitudes, une analyse par groupe a été employée. Bref, une solution en quatre groupes faisant des distinctions significatives entre les groupes a été choisie. / Considering the negative developmental findings associated with the use of parental corporal punishment, a considerable body of research has attempted to suggest an avenue for interrupting this vicious cycle of intergenerational violence. However, a major limitation in most of these studies has to do with the fact that very few of them has looked at the influence of a third variable such as the use of explanation, perceived fairness and deservedness of punishment, or the attitudes one has towards corporal punishment. By employing structural equation modelling (SEM), the present study has demonstrated that the apparent relationship between subjective and socio-demographic variables related to corporal punishment and latter intention to use it as a parent is in fact explained by the mediating role of other variables such as attitudes towards corporal punishment, type of corporal punishment, perceived reasons for punishment and reasons given for punishment by the agent. Our main contention was that when a third variable (e.g., attitude towards corporal punishment) is included in the equation, the apparent relationship between punishment variables and outcome disappears. More specifically, as it has resulted from the SEM analysis, the mediating variables explain all of the association between the objective variables and intention to use corporal punishment. That is to say, a model containing no direct paths from the independent variables (i.e., number of ages punished, being an immigrant, frequency of punishment, means of administration of corporal punishment , number of punishing agents, sex) to Intention to Use Corporal Punishment fits the data. Moreover, among the four mediators considered in our model only the attitudinal measures make a significant contribution to the prediction of intention to use corporal punishment. In addition, in order to explore the profile of differences between subjects on their past experiences with corporal punishment, explanations for punishment, and present attitudes, cluster analysis was employed. Finally, a four cluster solution that made meaningful distinctions between groups was selected for consideration.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Zendron de Campos.pdf: 1646100 bytes, checksum: 9264a159e01097ddba0e99a14b62ceba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-15 / This study aims at underscoring the pressing search of a new meaning for the concept of practice in the initial teaching licensing formation course. Such meaning should refer to the legislation regulating this universe, and point at both a curricular restructuring panorama and the reflexive teaching theories for teacher education; those, in turn, face the issue of how to meet the National Curricular Guidelines (Resolutions CNE/ CP 01 and 02/2002) in relation to 800 hours of practice for teaching licensing courses. With the objective of identifying how such practice has been carried out, I conducted descriptive, interpretive and qualitative research in which, through the analysis of the discourse from 14 teachers in 5 teaching licensing courses in a private university, I found out the existence of the predominance of teaching practice and internship. However, good initiatives of changing from the concept of supervised internship emphasizing technical rationality toward a concept of the field of knowledge generated from reflexive practice have been suggested. Those initiatives show the intention of updating the practice dimension in the curriculum. The latter is, nevertheless, made difficult due to a certain misunderstanding in relation to both the nature of such practice as a curricular component and the way of using it, as inferred from the discourses analyzed in this study. From this realization, proposals and examples of how to apply this practice as a curricular component are presented in this study. It is also concluded that the articulation of theory and practice as the curricular core is not carried out, except in some isolated disciplines. Facing this situation, it may be said that the panorama does not favor the professional development underscoring the role of the teacher as someone active, critical, creative and compromised with the educational goals in Basic Education, away from the perspective of teacher professionalization / Este estudo pretende enfatizar a busca premente de um novo significado para a concepção de prática no curso de formação inicial, licenciatura, tendo como referência a legislação que normatiza esse universo e acena para o panorama de reestruturação curricular, bem como as teorias da prática reflexiva com fins à profissionalização docente, referenciais confrontadas com o problema sobre como atender às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais que regem as Resoluções CNE/CP 1 e 2/2002 na indicação das 800 horas de prática para os cursos de licenciatura. Tendo como objetivo identificar como esta prática vem sendo promovida, realizei uma pesquisa de campo descritiva, interpretativa e de cunho qualitativo, em que, a partir da análise de discursos de 14 docentes em 5 cursos de licenciatura em uma universidade particular, pude constatar a predominância da prática de ensino e estágio. Na obstante isso, por um lado, boas iniciativas quanto a alterar o conceito do estágio supervisionado com ênfase na racionalidade técnica vêm sendo sugeridas com vistas a uma concepção de campo de conhecimento que se promova a partir de uma prática reflexiva, o que mostra intenção em atualizar a dimensão prática no currículo, dificultada, de outro lado, por certa incompreensão quanto à natureza dessa prática enquanto componente curricular e quanto ao modo pelo qual realizá-la, como é possível inferir dos discursos em questão. A partir dessa constatação, são apresentadas proposições e exemplos de como trabalhar a prática como componente curricular no decorrer do estudo. Conclui-se ainda que não se promove a articulação da prática e teoria enquanto eixo do currículo, mas apenas em algumas disciplinas isoladas. Em face disso, é possível dizer que o panorama desfavorece uma profissionalidade que ressalta o papel de professor como alguém atuante, crítico, criativo e comprometido com as finalidades educacionais na educação básica, distanciando-se da perspectiva de profissionalização docente

Dans cette thèse, j’explore les modèles de prise de décision basés sur des préférences multiples. Dans la première partie de la thèse, j’analyse certaines des implications de l’adoption des préférences multiples en économie et de différentes façons dont elles peuvent être conceptualisées et utilisées dans ce domaine. En particulier, je révise certaines des conséquences positives et normatives des préférences sur des préférences (chapitre 1), la distinction comportementale entre des modèles de préférences uniques et des modèles de préférences multiples (chapitre 2), et j’introduis un nouveau cadre de choix avec le temps dans lequel les modèles de préférences multiples peuvent être plus facilement caractérisés (chapitre 3). La deuxième partie de la thèse est con- sacrée à l’analyse théorique et empirique du comportement économique qui peut être représenté comme s’il résulte de la prise de décision avec des préférences multiples. En particulier, je construis un modèle pour étudier les effets des préférences multiples sur le comportement politique (chapitre 4) et je mène une étude expérimentale pour distinguer les différentes motivations derrière une potentielle valeur intrinsèque du droit de décision (chapitre 5). / In this thesis I explore decision making models based on multiple preferences. In the first part of the thesis, I analyze some of the implications of adopting multiple preferences in economics and different ways in which they can be conceptualized and used within this field. In particular, I review some of the positive and normative consequences of preferences over preferences (Chapter 1), the behavioral (in)distinguishability of the single and multiple preferences models (Chapter 2), and introduce a new framework of choice with time in which models of changing preferences can be more easily characterized (Chapter 3). The second part of the thesis is devoted to the theoretical and empirical analysis of economic meaningful behavior that can be represented as if it is the result of decision making with multiple preferences. In particular, I build a model to study the effects of multiple preferences to political behavior (Chapter 4), and run an experimental study to distinguish different motivations behind a potential intrinsic value of holding a decision right (Chapter 5).

The research project 'This is my Face: Audio-visual practice as collaborative sense-making among men living with HIV in Chile' is an interdisciplinary project that explores 'collaborative mise en-scène' as a method to further understand the sense-making processes around the biographical disruption caused by HIV. It combines Anthropology and Arts methods as part of the PhD in Anthropology, Media and Performance, a practice-based program that fosters interdisciplinary approaches to the production of original knowledge, based on self-reflexive and critical research practices (The University of Manchester, 2018). Relying on the specific competences of photography and film and the co-creation of an ethnographic context based in hermeneutic reflexivity, the collaborators on the project created and explored representations of critical life events, in order to make sense of the disruption HIV brought to their lives. The collaborators were highly stigmatised individuals living with HIV, which hindered their possibilities for sharing narratives and for reflection, and as such, made it more difficult for them to come to terms with a diagnosis they described as a 'fracture' in their lives. This project analyses the creative process of 'collaborative mise-en-scène' as a way to provide further opportunities for reflexivity and sense making, a method that departs from their everyday face-to-face encounters as means of understanding what they are going through. Representations of life events emerged from our practice, as well as evocations, which provided a means by which to understand their experiences with HIV, and opened up ways to resignify their past experiences and projections of the future. Photography and film offered their specific expressive competences to the project, but also gave the possibility of making visible the collaborators' experiences in order to promote a dialogue with others, moving beyond our creative encounters. Therefore, their evocations became 'statements' of what it means to live with HIV in Chile, and at the same time, by taking part in its creation, it provided access to the particularities of the sense-making process in which those images were embedded. This collaborative creative process opened up ways to highlight the relevance for sense-making in face-to-face encounters, demonstrating that hermeneutic reflexivity as a practice-based form of mutual questioning can promote a critical engagement with life trajectories and with others beyond our practice.