Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-06-09T18:44:49Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-09T18:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11129.pdf: 7996300 bytes, checksum: d14b1b217192ca316a3d971bede18997 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-06-09T18:44:49Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-09T18:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O uso do hidrogênio, como vetor energético, representa uma opção promissora a fim de se reduzir a dependência dos combustíveis fósseis e controlar a emissão de poluentes na atmosfera. Atualmente, uma das rotas mais propícias para produção de hidrogênio envolve a reação de reforma a vapor de álcoois utilizando-se catalisadores de níquel suportados em alumina. O níquel é amplamente utilizado em catálise devido ao baixo custo e à elevada atividade para ruptura da ligação C-C. A alumina, por sua vez, promove maior dispersão do metal ativo devido aos valores elevados de área superficial das estruturas cristalinas de transição, sobretudo da fase gama, característica esta diretamente relacionada às condições de síntese. A incorporação de lantânia, como aditivo, tem sido considerada por moderar a acidez da superfície do suporte e minimizar a deposição de carbono no catalisador durante a reação de reforma. Tendo em vista que a atividade dos catalisadores na reação de reforma é função das características físicas e químicas desses materiais, avaliou-se, no presente trabalho, a rota de síntese por coprecipitação de hidróxidos em associação ao uso de surfactante e tratamento solvotérmico. A rota de mistura de pós de óxido de níquel com alumina, ambos preparados por precipitação individual, foi adotada para comparação dos resultados obtidos por coprecipitação. Nas condições otimizadas do processo, estudou-se o efeito da adição de óxido de lantânio nas propriedades dos materiais sintetizados. Verificou-se que o método de coprecipitação permitiu a obtenção de óxidos mistos com elevada área superficial (na faixa de 170 a 260 m2g-1), ao passo que a mistura de óxidos conduziu à formação de pós constituídos por fases distintas de alumina e óxido de níquel, com menor área superficial (na faixa de 60 a 180 m2.g-1). Após avaliação do comportamento de redução do óxido de níquel contido nesses materiais, as propriedades dos pós obtidos foram correlacionadas com o desempenho na produção de hidrogênio pela reforma do etanol. De acordo com os resultados, o catalisador preparado por coprecipitação apresentou menor atividade na produção de hidrogênio, comparativamente aos materiais obtidos por coprecipitação em associação com tratamento solvotérmico e mistura de óxidos. Em contraste, verificou-se uma menor quantidade de carbono acumulado sobre o catalisador preparado por coprecipitação, indicativo da elevada estabilidade catalítica deste material durante a reação de reforma. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Different management trends have come and gone during recent decades within the public sector. Therefore we found it interesting and relevant to study the current management within the public sector during the end of the 2010. To study this, we chose to study Växjö municipality’s implementation of their new management system. During the study institutional theory was used to create an understanding for how the new management system had been implemented and what consequences the change had for a selected number of employees. Furthermore the study  investigated if the management trends New Public Management and trust-based governance had any impact on Växjö municipality’s new management system. The study was conducted through ten interviews with different managers and politicians within Växjö municipality, to increase the understanding for the implementation process, through taking part of their perception of how the implementation-process proceeded. Through our interpretation of the then respondents it seems like what drove Växjö municipality to realize the change whas that the new manager for Växjö municipality observed problems with the previous management by objectives. Based on the interviews, it seems like the new process-oriented work had broad support from the ten respondents. Furthermore, the respondents highlighted that they had influence as well as they were involved in the change- and implementation process. However, our interpretation from the respondents stories is that it has been more difficult to implement the new management system than to initiate it since the change and implementation proceed proceed to fast and had vague and unclear plans. Through our interpretation of the respondents experiences we found that trends do not have to be volatile, but rather that trends can be implemented thoroughly, which was the case in Växjö municipality. Finally, the results of the study also implies that Växjö municipality's new management system has been influenced more by trust-based governance than by New Public Management. / Olika styrtrender har kommit och gått i den offentliga sektorn under de senaste decennierna. Vi fann det därmed intressant och relevant att undersöka den nuvarande styrningen inom den kommunala sektorn under slutet av 2010-talet. För att undersöka detta utgick vi från Växjö kommuns implementering av deras nya processbaserade styrning. Under studien användes institutionell teori för att skapa förståelse för hur den nya styrningen hade implementerats och vilka konsekvenser detta förändringsarbete medförde för ett utvalt antal medarbetare. Studien utgick även från att undersöka om styrtrenderna New Public Management och tillitsbaserad styrning har haft någon inverkan på Växjö kommuns nya styrning. Studien genomfördes genom tio stycken intervjuer med chefer och politiker inom Växjö kommun, för att öka förståelsen för ett kommunalt implementeringsarbete genom att få ta del av deras uppfattningar om hur implementeringen av en ny styrning har gått till. Utifrån vår tolkning av de tio respondenterna tyder det på att det som drev Växjö kommun att genomföra förändringsarbetet var att den nya kommunchefen uppmärksammade problem med den tidigare målstyrningen. Intervjuerna med respondenterna tyder även på att det nya processorienterade arbetssättet har haft stöd från majoriteten av de tio respondenterna. Vidare framhöll respondenterna även att de har haft inflytande och har varit delaktiga i förändrings- och implementeringsarbetet. Vår tolkning utifrån respondenternas berättelser är dock att det har varit svårare att implementera den nya styrningen än att initiera den då förändrings- och implementeringsarbetet har gått för fort fram och har haft vaga och otydligt definierade planer. Genom vår tolkning av respondenternas berättelser fann vi även att trender ej behöver vara flyktiga, utan att trender har implementerats djupgående i Växjö kommun. Avslutningsvis tyder studiens resultat på att Växjö kommuns styrning har influerats mer av tillitsbaserad styrning än av New Public Management.

No description available.

This dissertation deals with the changing conditions for schools and the teaching profession from a teachers’ perspective. The process of the global restructuring of national educational systems that gained momentum in Sweden in the 1990s, involved the introduction of a school voucher system, competition mechanisms and the decentralization of responsibilities to schools and teachers.  The aim of this dissertation is to examine teachers’ professional identities in relation to changes in local and global conditions for schools and the teaching profession.     Empirically, this study is anchored in 15 life history interviews conducted with eight teachers who have been working at the same secondary school in a Swedish mid-sized town. The school opened in 1965 in a residential area and closed down 2007 facing difficulties in attracting students. The teachers’ professional identities are analyzed in terms of identity performances, that is, the socially situated actions embedded in the stories and the interviews, in which they express and negotiate who they are or would like to be as a teacher. Methodologically this study contributes to a new way of investigating the relation between local school contexts and teacher identities by analyzing the institutional memories of a school.     Results show that educational restructuring in this local school context entailed shifts in the meanings of previously known social relationships and phenomena, such as the school’s mixed student base, reputation and forms of cooperation, and that the local press became an important actor when market mechanisms were introduced. The study highlights the complexity and variability when professional identities take shape in the teachers’ stories. Some features of the professional identities focused on in this study appear to be relatively stable, while others appear to be more varying. Self biographical factors, culturally available narratives of the teaching profession, as well as local factors tend to have a stabilizing effect on the identities shaped in the stories. However, diverse professional aims, life events and changing working conditions contribute to changes in the identity constructions. In the analysis of the institutional memories presented in the thesis, it is evident that identity performances are shaped in the teachers’ retellings of those memories. In different teachers’ versions of institutional memories, identity performances that stress e.g. the importance of discipline in school and opposition to women’s subordination are shaped.

The objectives of this doctoral thesis are to give a basisincluding methods for the development of stationary polymerelectrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems for combined heat andpower production. Moreover, the objectives include identifyingprerequisites, requirements and possibilities for PEFC systemsproducing heat and power for buildings in Sweden. The PEFCsystem is still in a pre-commercial state, but low emissionlevels, fast dynamics and high efficiencies are promisingcharacteristics. A thermodynamic model to simulate stationary PEFC systemshas been constructed and pinch technology and exergy analysesare utilised to design and evaluate the system. The finalsystem configuration implies a high total efficiency ofapproximately 98 % (LHV). A flexible test facility was built in connection with theresearch project to experimentally evaluate small-scalestationary PEFC systems at KTH. The research PEFC system hasextensive measurement equipment, a rigorous control system andallows fuel cell systems from approximately 0.2 to 4 kWel insize to be tested. The simulation models of the fuel processorand the fuel cell stack are verified with experimental datataken from the test facility. The initial evaluation andsimulation of the first residential installation of a PEFCsystem in Sweden is also reported. This PEFC system, fuelled bybiogas and hydrogen, is installed in an energy system alsoincluding a photovoltaic array, an electrolyser and hydrogenstorage. Technical aspects of designing a fuel cell system-basedenergy system, including storages and grid connections, whichprovides heat and power to a building are presented in thisthesis. As a basis for the technical and economic evaluations,exemplifying energy systems are constructed and simulated. Fuelcell system installations are predicted to be economicallyunviable for probable near-term conditions in Sweden. The mainfactor in the economic evaluations is the fuel price. However,fuel cell system installations are shown to have a higher fuelutilisation than the conventional method of energy supply. The methods presented in this thesis serve as a collectedbasis for continued research and development in the area. Keywords:Small-scale, stationary, fuel cell system,polymer electrolyte fuel cell, PEFC system, reformer,thermodynamic modelling, pinch technology, exergy analyses,system configuration, test facility, experiments, application,simulation, installation, energy system, energy storage, heatand power demand.

The purpose of this bachelor's thesis in social work has been to examine whether society's perception of poverty and poor people has changed over the more than 160 years have passed since the first national Poor regulation was enacted in Sweden. With a social constructionist approach and inspired by the critical discourse analysis we have conducted two studies to find answers to what differences and similarities between the concepts of scanty care (1847) and standards of living (2002). A study based on previous research was conducted to examine how society's perception of poverty has changed and designed in a historical perspective. We also conducted a textual analysis of relevant legal texts and legislative history to show how these texts reflect the society's official view of poverty based interventions targeted to poor people. The two sub-studies show that the concepts at different times in history has been crucial for the community support poor people were entitled to. Our overall conclusion is that despite today's advanced social policy there are many obvious similarities between the concepts of scanty care and standards of living. For example, there are similarities in the conjecture-driven individuals for warranted to support and which counterclaims society put on the individuals who are in need of society's ultimate financial safety net.

<p>The objectives of this doctoral thesis are to give a basisincluding methods for the development of stationary polymerelectrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems for combined heat andpower production. Moreover, the objectives include identifyingprerequisites, requirements and possibilities for PEFC systemsproducing heat and power for buildings in Sweden. The PEFCsystem is still in a pre-commercial state, but low emissionlevels, fast dynamics and high efficiencies are promisingcharacteristics.</p><p>A thermodynamic model to simulate stationary PEFC systemshas been constructed and pinch technology and exergy analysesare utilised to design and evaluate the system. The finalsystem configuration implies a high total efficiency ofapproximately 98 % (LHV).</p><p>A flexible test facility was built in connection with theresearch project to experimentally evaluate small-scalestationary PEFC systems at KTH. The research PEFC system hasextensive measurement equipment, a rigorous control system andallows fuel cell systems from approximately 0.2 to 4 kWel insize to be tested. The simulation models of the fuel processorand the fuel cell stack are verified with experimental datataken from the test facility. The initial evaluation andsimulation of the first residential installation of a PEFCsystem in Sweden is also reported. This PEFC system, fuelled bybiogas and hydrogen, is installed in an energy system alsoincluding a photovoltaic array, an electrolyser and hydrogenstorage.</p><p>Technical aspects of designing a fuel cell system-basedenergy system, including storages and grid connections, whichprovides heat and power to a building are presented in thisthesis. As a basis for the technical and economic evaluations,exemplifying energy systems are constructed and simulated. Fuelcell system installations are predicted to be economicallyunviable for probable near-term conditions in Sweden. The mainfactor in the economic evaluations is the fuel price. However,fuel cell system installations are shown to have a higher fuelutilisation than the conventional method of energy supply.</p><p>The methods presented in this thesis serve as a collectedbasis for continued research and development in the area.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Small-scale, stationary, fuel cell system,polymer electrolyte fuel cell, PEFC system, reformer,thermodynamic modelling, pinch technology, exergy analyses,system configuration, test facility, experiments, application,simulation, installation, energy system, energy storage, heatand power demand.</p>

Bakgrund och problem: Studien undersöker en organisatorisk förändring i en av Sveriges storbanker. Organisatoriska förändringar kan förklaras utifrån olika teorier. Författarna undersöker avsikten och tolkningen bakom en organisatorisk förändring utifrån Røviks två perspektiv, verktyg- och symbolperspektivet. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka ledningens avsikt med den organisatoriska förändringen i en av Sveriges storbanker. Studien undersöker också medarbetarnas tolkning av ledningens avsikt och mottagandet av reformen. Metod: Studien har utförts genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och genom en deduktiv ansats. Data har samlats in genom en fallstudie med nio semistrukturerade intervjuer. Denna studie avgränsar sig till att undersöka en organisatorisk förändring i en av Sveriges storbanker på tre kontor i Stockholms Län. Undersökningen innefattar reformens implementering våren 2017 fram till genomförandet av studiens intervjuer våren 2018. Resultat och slutsats: Ledningens avsikt med reformen var att tillfredsställa kunden och att klara av konkurrens på marknaden. Storbanken argumenterade förändringen utifrån ett rationellt verktygsperspektiv. Författarna förklarar reformen som en lösning på de rådande problemdefinitionerna utifrån normer i den institutionella omgivningen. Det fanns olika åsikter bland medarbetarna och cheferna om medarbetarens mottagande av reformen. / Background and Problems: The study examines an organizational change in one of Sweden's major banks. Organizational changes can be explained through different theories. The authors analyzes the intention and interpretation behind an organizational change from Røvik’s two perspectives, the tool and symbol perspective. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the intention of the management with the organizational change in one of Sweden's major banks. The study also analyzes the employees interpretation of the management's intentions. Method: The study has been conducted through a qualitative research method and through a deductive approach. Data has been collected through a case study with nine semistructured interviews at three offices in Stockholm County. This study limits to an organizational change in one of Sweden's major banks from the implementation of the reform in spring 2017 until the execution of the study interviews in spring 2018. Result and conclusion: The management's intention of the reform was to achieve customer satisfaction and to cope with competition in the market. The bank argued the change based on a rational tool perspective. The authors explain the reform as a solution to the current problem definitions, based on norms in the institutional environment. There were different opinions among employees and managers about the employee's acceptance of the reform.