Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martin Aranguri.pdf: 5253621 bytes, checksum: 111144762feef8aacb96527ab9842121 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aims to deconstruct prison in historical and political terms. For that purpose, it avails itself of concepts that mark its thresholds, limits and tipping points. The dissertation s major underlying question is: How does an institution so criticized, reviled and slandered such as prison is able to endure for so long, thrive more and more, and show so much resilience? Prison s ability to pick itself up and continually expand even after being denounced and accused of major and minor failures is something that brings about a measure of reverence for the deed and a bit of uncertainty about the phenomenon. That is enough to provoke a lot of interest and a significant number of suspicions. The utmost care was taken to think outside the box herein. With regard to prison, that means challenging reform. Thus, this paper cannot have any commitment to the State s pressing needs. But -- how so? Well, from what has been scribbled on prisons so far, few are those records that can brag about not being reform manuals or a political institution s moralizing guide. Such writings even have a course of action very similar to the works that drive away readers because of the tedium they emanate: 1) they comply with a timeline; 2) they go back to ancient times when everything was, in the nitwits opinion, more barbaric, raw and stupid; and 3) they reach our days, a moment of relief for the evil which was left behind mixed with a disappointment for what could have been performed a lot better. So, they go on to analyze the minutia of every single failure in the several manifestations of the phenomenon in question; they begin the swarm of advices to governments and authorities, who someday may acquire enough judgment to direct individuals without excesses or wastes, in the full force of the law. Evolution, investigation, recommendation. Beginning, middle and ending of the works on prison reform. That is when this paper, spurred by the verification of these discourses common matrix, decides to frighten away its own yawning by jumping up and down, demarcating topics and subjects in the examination s progression-regression-perdition, while it averts the boring, flat time so that it is able to go ahead, come back and lose itself when necessary. Throughout its trajectory, it sought to dig an abyss between that science which provides a doctoral assistance to govern, control and master better and that knowledge which only announces its own design by sliding among doubts and queries under an avalanche of problems upon problems / Este estudo visa desconstruir a prisão em termos histórico-políticos. Para tal, lança mão de conceitos que marcam seus limiares, limites e pontos de inflexão. A grande pergunta nas entrelinhas da dissertação é: De que maneira uma instituição tão criticada, vilipendiada e difamada como a prisão consegue durar tanto, prosperar cada vez mais e demonstrar tamanha resiliência? Essa capacidade da prisão de se reerguer e expandir continuamente mesmo após ter sido denunciada e acusada de fracassos pequenos e grandes é algo que suscita certa medida de reverência pela proeza e um bocado de incerteza acerca do fenômeno. Só isso já é o bastante para despertar não pouco interesse e uma série expressiva de suspeitas. Nesta dissertação, tomou-se o maior cuidado para poder pensar fora da bitola. No tocante à prisão, isso quer dizer contestar a reforma. Destarte, este trabalho não pode possuir compromisso nenhum com as premências do Estado. Mas - como assim? Ora, do que se escrevinhou sobre as prisões até agora, são parcos os registros que podem se gabar de não serem manuais de reforma nem guias de moralização de uma instituição política. Tais escritos possuem até mesmo uma maneira de proceder muito parecida com a das obras que afastam o leitor pelo tédio que emanam: 1) obedecem a uma linha do tempo; 2) remontam aos idos da Antigüidade, em que tudo era, na opinião dos mais mentecaptos, mais bárbaro, cru e burro; e 3) chegam até os dias atuais, um momento de alívio pelo mal deixado para trás misturado com a decepção pelo que poderia ter sido muito mais bem executado. Então, passam a esmiuçar toda e qualquer falha nas diversas manifestações do fenômeno em questão; iniciam o enxame de conselhos a governos e autoridades, que talvez um dia adquiram o juízo necessário para dirigirem os indivíduos sem excessos nem desperdícios, tudo no rigor da lei. Evolução, apuração, recomendação. Princípio, meio e fim das obras sobre a reforma das prisões. Eis que este trabalho, aguilhoado pela constatação da matriz comum desses discursos, resolve espantar o próprio bocejar aos saltos, delimitando temas e tópicos na progressão-regressão-perdição do exame, ao passo que conjura o tempo chato e achatado para assim poder ir, voltar e se extraviar quando necessário. Ao longo de toda a sua trajetória, procurou cavar um abismo entre a ciência que fornece assessoria doutoral para governar, controlar e amestrar melhor e o conhecimento que somente anuncia o próprio desígnio deslizando entre dúvidas e interrogações, sob uma avalanche de problemas sobre problemas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martin Aranguri.pdf: 5253621 bytes, checksum: 111144762feef8aacb96527ab9842121 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aims to deconstruct prison in historical and political terms. For that purpose, it avails itself of concepts that mark its thresholds, limits and tipping points. The dissertation s major underlying question is: How does an institution so criticized, reviled and slandered such as prison is able to endure for so long, thrive more and more, and show so much resilience? Prison s ability to pick itself up and continually expand even after being denounced and accused of major and minor failures is something that brings about a measure of reverence for the deed and a bit of uncertainty about the phenomenon. That is enough to provoke a lot of interest and a significant number of suspicions. The utmost care was taken to think outside the box herein. With regard to prison, that means challenging reform. Thus, this paper cannot have any commitment to the State s pressing needs. But -- how so? Well, from what has been scribbled on prisons so far, few are those records that can brag about not being reform manuals or a political institution s moralizing guide. Such writings even have a course of action very similar to the works that drive away readers because of the tedium they emanate: 1) they comply with a timeline; 2) they go back to ancient times when everything was, in the nitwits opinion, more barbaric, raw and stupid; and 3) they reach our days, a moment of relief for the evil which was left behind mixed with a disappointment for what could have been performed a lot better. So, they go on to analyze the minutia of every single failure in the several manifestations of the phenomenon in question; they begin the swarm of advices to governments and authorities, who someday may acquire enough judgment to direct individuals without excesses or wastes, in the full force of the law. Evolution, investigation, recommendation. Beginning, middle and ending of the works on prison reform. That is when this paper, spurred by the verification of these discourses common matrix, decides to frighten away its own yawning by jumping up and down, demarcating topics and subjects in the examination s progression-regression-perdition, while it averts the boring, flat time so that it is able to go ahead, come back and lose itself when necessary. Throughout its trajectory, it sought to dig an abyss between that science which provides a doctoral assistance to govern, control and master better and that knowledge which only announces its own design by sliding among doubts and queries under an avalanche of problems upon problems / Este estudo visa desconstruir a prisão em termos histórico-políticos. Para tal, lança mão de conceitos que marcam seus limiares, limites e pontos de inflexão. A grande pergunta nas entrelinhas da dissertação é: De que maneira uma instituição tão criticada, vilipendiada e difamada como a prisão consegue durar tanto, prosperar cada vez mais e demonstrar tamanha resiliência? Essa capacidade da prisão de se reerguer e expandir continuamente mesmo após ter sido denunciada e acusada de fracassos pequenos e grandes é algo que suscita certa medida de reverência pela proeza e um bocado de incerteza acerca do fenômeno. Só isso já é o bastante para despertar não pouco interesse e uma série expressiva de suspeitas. Nesta dissertação, tomou-se o maior cuidado para poder pensar fora da bitola. No tocante à prisão, isso quer dizer contestar a reforma. Destarte, este trabalho não pode possuir compromisso nenhum com as premências do Estado. Mas - como assim? Ora, do que se escrevinhou sobre as prisões até agora, são parcos os registros que podem se gabar de não serem manuais de reforma nem guias de moralização de uma instituição política. Tais escritos possuem até mesmo uma maneira de proceder muito parecida com a das obras que afastam o leitor pelo tédio que emanam: 1) obedecem a uma linha do tempo; 2) remontam aos idos da Antigüidade, em que tudo era, na opinião dos mais mentecaptos, mais bárbaro, cru e burro; e 3) chegam até os dias atuais, um momento de alívio pelo mal deixado para trás misturado com a decepção pelo que poderia ter sido muito mais bem executado. Então, passam a esmiuçar toda e qualquer falha nas diversas manifestações do fenômeno em questão; iniciam o enxame de conselhos a governos e autoridades, que talvez um dia adquiram o juízo necessário para dirigirem os indivíduos sem excessos nem desperdícios, tudo no rigor da lei. Evolução, apuração, recomendação. Princípio, meio e fim das obras sobre a reforma das prisões. Eis que este trabalho, aguilhoado pela constatação da matriz comum desses discursos, resolve espantar o próprio bocejar aos saltos, delimitando temas e tópicos na progressão-regressão-perdição do exame, ao passo que conjura o tempo chato e achatado para assim poder ir, voltar e se extraviar quando necessário. Ao longo de toda a sua trajetória, procurou cavar um abismo entre a ciência que fornece assessoria doutoral para governar, controlar e amestrar melhor e o conhecimento que somente anuncia o próprio desígnio deslizando entre dúvidas e interrogações, sob uma avalanche de problemas sobre problemas

No description available.

No description available.

1962 a new swedish schoolsystem was accepted called Comprehensive school. The study observes how the discussion of the new schoolsystem looks like in the Union magazine Skolvärlden during the 1970-1969. The study shows how teachers’ thoughts about a schoolsystem which are including all children, no matter what economic statues the have got. Teachers’ need more time to connect with the pupils’.  In the other schoolsystem they did not have that kind of issues that might occure now. Some children from a less education background find it difficult to fit in in the comprehensive school. Teachers’ do not know how to handle those children which are interrupting their classes. As a reason of that special-need education are developed during the decade. The reason of that is that all children in Sweden from now have to go to school for nine years according to the law.   Teachers’ also believe that the politicians are interfering a lot in school matters. As an example of that Ingvar Carlsson are saying that school need time to reconnect to the new circumstances. Though the former minister of education Olof Palme in the beginning of the decade says that teachers actually need to be more aware of the importance of internationalization in every subject not just the social subjects. Instead teachers rather will prefer to work by them self to implement the new conditions from the curricula and new research. They should instead leave the education to the teachers that actually have got the education and the knowledge about how to teach children. Teachers’ are also irritated of the low wages according to their harder labor circumstances. They believe that other parts of the labor market have got better incomes and conditions. Skolvärlden thinks that LO as an organisation connected to the Socialdemokratic party has priveligies that they do not. In the 1975 teachers are prepared to fight for better circumstances and the are very angry at LO who do not want to support them. Skolvärlden thinks that the reason of that is because LO does not think that education is important, which they actually should have thought. The reason of that is because education from now on is very important for a society development.

Abstract To increase the number of pupils who meet the entry requirements for higher education in Sweden, a national initiative was launched in 2019 regarding Read, write, count – a guarantee for early support measures. The Swedish Schools Inspectorate’s investigation from 2020 indicates that while most schools implement surveys, only half follow up and add the necessary resources for the pupils to receive proper support on time.   This study aims to contribute knowledge of how principals experience and perceive their organizational mandate based on the read, write, and count guarantee. The study employs a qualitative approach and the empirical material consists of interviews with principals. The theoretical approach is informed by the rationalistic organizational perspective and school governance from a top-down perspective.   The results show the experience of principals and the value of a clear organization where principals are available for support. Educational development intended to help pupils achieve the knowledge targets requires interprofessional collaboration. The significance of equivalent assessments and a relational perspective is highlighted. The study expresses the importance of municipal follow-up on implemented measures instead of a sole focus on pupils’ results. The study’s results are strengthened by previous research regarding fourth-generation school improvement, where organizational clarity and engaged principals yield good quality. Results also correspond with previous research regarding the need to understand each other’s assignments at the different levels, from management to pupil, in order to effect change.

Den offentliga sektorn har under lång tid varit föremål för granskning och forskning, olikareformidéer har avlöst varandra gällande hur den offentliga förvaltningen på bästa vis skastyras. Gemensamt för alla reformidéer är att de alla har svar på föregående reformidéers bristereller svagheter. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur en kommun tar sig anreformidéer och hur den har översatt och anpassat reformidéer till sina lokala förutsättningar.Studien har särskilt tittat på hur Halmstads kommun har tolkat och översatt det senastestyrningsidealet och reformidén, tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning. Fokus har varit att titta påhur kommunen beskriver sin nya styrmodell i olika interna dokument. För att kunna göra dettavaldes en kvalitativ dokumentstudie; närmare bestämt en kvalitativ innehållsanalys medinduktiv ansats. Dokumentstudien gjordes på Halmstad kommuns nya styrmodell, sombeslutades november 2019. Studien visar att styrmodellen har spår av Public Administration,New Public Management, New Public Governance och Post-NPM. Kommunen har inspireratsav den nya reformidén och därmed också av tillit som fenomen, men har därutöver även behållitgamla reformidéer och dess styrprinciper. Kommunen visar även en ambition att fördjupa denhorisontella samverkan genom begreppet tillit. Vidare visar denna studie att kommunen hargjort en egen översättning och tolkning av begreppet tillit som är anpassad till kommunenskontext och dess styrmodell; ledningsbegreppet saknas i styrmodellen. Övergripande bidrarstudien till en nyanserad bild av tillitsbegreppet, och därmed kan studien också bidra till ettkritiskt förhållningssätt för kommuner som befinner sig i ett förändringsarbete. Studien skaparockså ett bidrag till samhällsdebatten och forskarvärlden genom en fördjupad analys avbakomliggande krafter och uppkomsten av nya reformvågor inom den offentliga sektorn. / The public sector has, for a long time, been a subject of review and research. Different publicmanagement reform ideas have replaced each other according to how the public administrationcan best be managed. A commonality between reform ideas is that they all have answers forprevious reform ideas' deficiencies and weaknesses. The purpose of this study was to examinehow municipalities take on different reform ideas, and how they have translated and adaptedthese reform ideas for their local requirements. The study has, in particular, investigated howHalmstad Municipality has interpreted and translated the latest governing ideal and the reformidea trust-based management and leadership. The focus has been to look at how themunicipality describes its new governing model in various internal documents. To accomplishthis, a qualitative document study was chosen; more specifically, a qualitative content analysiswith an inductive approach. The document study was conducted on Halmstad Municipality'snew governing model, which was passed in November of 2019. The study shows that thegoverning model has aspects of Public Administration, New Public Management, New PublicGovernance, and Post NPM. The municipality has picked up new reform ideas, and therebyalso trust as a phenomenon, but has additionally kept old reform ideas and their principles ofmanagement. The municipality also shows ambition to deepen horizontal cooperation throughthe principle of trust. Furthermore, this study shows that the municipality has made its owntranslation and interpretation of the concept of trust, which is adapted to the municipality'scontext and its model of management. Leadership is missing in this model of management. Asa whole, the study contributes to a nuanced picture of the concept of trust and can thereby alsocontribute to a critical approach that exists when working towards change. The study alsocontributes to a debate in society and academia regarding deeper analysis of underlying forcesand the appearance of new waves of reform in public management.

Med denna studie är vår ambition att undersöka hur omorganisationen av arbetet med modersmålet implementeras i Malmö stads förskolor och hur denna tas emot ute i verksamheten. Vi vill få syn på tanken bakom omorganisationen och vad det är för resurser som krävs för att lyckas med en implementering. Syftet med denna studie är att studera hur det fungerar när ett nytt projekt ska implementeras i förskoleverksamheten och hur detta tas emot av pedagogerna. Här kommer vi också studera förskolans traditioner närmre samt undersöka hur det pedagogiska samarbetet mellan förskolorna och språkutvecklarna fungerar ur pedagogernas perspektiv. Vi utgår ifrån följande frågeställningar:Hur fungerar samarbetet mellan förskolorna och språkutvecklarna?Hur påverkas pedagogerna av sin omgivning vid implementering i verksamheten?Vilka förutsättningar gynnar en framgångsrik implementering och verksamhet med barnen?När vi har analyserat vårt material har vi använt oss av teori om implementering. Inom implementeringsforskning förekommer två perspektiv nämligen "bottom-up" och "top-down". Det senare innebär att beslutsfattande sker uppifrån, från ledningen, och skall sedan föras ut till personalen som skall genomföra förändringen. "Bottom-up" betyder att de som arbetar i verksamheten, av Lipsky kallade närbyråkrater, är delaktiga i och eventuellt också initiativtagare till beslut om förändringar. Med stöd av dessa begrepp och perspektiv är våra sammanfattade resultat följande: för att en implementering ska bli lyckad i förskolan krävs pedagogernas delaktighet i planeringen och ett bra samarbete med föräldrarna. Andra aspekter som också är värdefulla är att det finns resurser i form av extra tid, fungerande digitala verktyg och utbildning.

No description available.

Almost all organizations sometimes undergo some form of transformation and reforms. How these transformations and reforms are designed, received by those it applies or implemented in practice may look different depending on who it is that is affected and for whom the reform applies. The Swedish education system and the school are no exception when it comes to implementing reforms and transformations. The single biggest transformation in recent years for the upper secondary school is Gymnasiereformen 2011. The main task of the reform was to create a new structure for the upper secondary school. Gymnasiereformen 2011 began to apply from the school year 2011/2012. The purpose of this study is to create new knowledge about an implementation of a reform in an organization, specifically the school, with traditions of inertia and an organization with street level bureaucracy and teacher´s idea of school governance. The method for collecting and analyzing data is done through a questionnaire to upper secondary school teachers about the implementation of Gymnasiereformen 2011. As a methodological analysis tool, an analysis is made of the questionnaire responses related to previous research and the expectations that can be expected when implementing a comprehensive reform in school. The results of this study show that the teachers' perception is that the implementation were led by the principals and that the financial resources for further training or time for teachers to familiarize themselves with the new reform to a limited extent. The teachers' view is also that the administrative work will increase in the long term and almost two-thirds of the teachers state that the new subject plans have made them add new content areas in their teaching. At the same time almost seventy percent have excluded only minor content areas. When it comes to the question of the teachers' perception of how the governance of the school should look, it is an overwhelming majority of the teachers who believe that the state should have a great influence over the school both in terms of governance and implementation of reforms.