Hög arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy har visat sig fördelaktigt inom organisationer, exempelvis bidrar det till mindre motstånd till förändring. Syftet med denna studie var att finna ledarskapsageranden vilka är av betydelse för arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy samt se ifall arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy i sin tur kan förklara variansen för motstånd till förändring. Studien genomfördes med två delstudier på ett större industriföretag. Kvalitativa intervjuer med 8 chefer genomfördes vilka sedan meningskoncentrerades. En kvantitativ enkät genomfördes med 101 respondenter på företaget. Enkäten inspirerades av skalorna för General Self-Efficacy, Occupational Self-Efficacy samt Resistance to Change. Materialet undersöktes med korrelation- och regressionsanalyser. Studiens resultat visade att då en ledare använder de framtagna ledarskapsagerandena riktade mot den anställde, har det betydelse för graden av arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy. Arbetsrelaterad self-efficacy i sin tur visade sig samvariera negativt med motstånd till förändring. Slutligen bidrog studien med förståelse över ledarskapets komplexitet att anpassa och agera efter såväl syfte, person och situation.

Den stora Polisreformen 2015 benämns som den största omorganiseringen i modern tid. Medborgarlöften som syftar till att förebygga brott, öka tryggheten, stärka förtroendet för Polisen samt öka medborgarnas och lokalsamhällets delaktighet i det brottsförebyggande och trygghetsskapande arbetet, är en betydelsefull del av arbetet i den nya organisationen. Även att arbeta utifrån en tydlig problembild. Områdespoliser i Sverige är av stor vikt i detta arbete. Studien syftar till att belysa arbetssituationen för Områdespoliser i Sverige, huruvida förutsättningar finns för att till fullo uppfylla sina arbetsdirektiv samt belysa om arbetsuppdraget anses som tydligt. Kvalitativ design ligger till grund för berörd studie; resultaten baseras på fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer av områdespoliser från olika orter i Polisregion Syd med särskilt utsatta områden. Tidigare forskning kring organisationer, omorganisation, påverkan av denna på anställda, samt implementering av arbetsmetoder som Problem Oriented Policing (POP) och Community Policing (COP) ligger till grund för studien. Av resultatanalysen framgår att det i stort råder tydlighet kring arbetsbeskrivningen men att den subjektiva tolkningen och även arbetsledningens tolkning är av relevans. Områdespoliserna arbetar på bästa sätt utifrån de förutsättningar som idag finns men personalbrist leder till att områdespoliserna ofta blir kommenderade till att utföra andra polisiära uppdrag, vilket leder till brist på kontinuitet i arbetet. Av resultatet framgår även vikten av ledningsstöd. Stöd av tidigare forskning finnes avseende vikten av ett tydligt arbetsuppdrag för det polisiära arbetet, ledningsstöd, den anställdes subjektiva upplevelse av dennes arbetssituation, samt vikten av adekvat personal och att vid omorganisationer inkludera medarbetaren. Longitudinell framtida forskning kring påverkan av omorganisation hos anställda rekommenderas. Detta för möjlighet av insyn i såväl organisationens förändring samt anställds upplevelse därav. / The major police reform in 2015 is referred to as the largest reorganization in modern times. Citizens' pledges aimed at preventing crime, increasing security, strengthening confidence in the police and increasing citizens' and local communities' involvement in crime prevention and efforts aimed at increasing the perceived feeling of safety, are an important part of the work of the new organization. Also working from a clear problem description. Community police in Sweden are of great importance in this work. The study aims to shed light on the work situation for community police in Sweden, whether conditions allow them to fully comply with their role specification and to clarify whether the work assignment is considered clear. Qualitative design forms the basis of the study concerned; the results are based on four semi-structured interviews of community police from different locations in Police Region South with particularly vulnerable areas. The study is based on previous research of organizations, reorganization, the influence of reorganization on employees and the implementation of working methods such as Problem Oriented Policing (POP) and Community Policing (COP). The results show that there is general clarity about the stated work description but that the subjective interpretation and also the interpretation of the management is of relevance. The community police work in the best way on the basis of the conditions that exist today, but staff shortages lead to the community police often being commanded to carry out other tasks within the organization, which leads to a lack of continuity in the work. The results also show the importance of management support. The results largely confirm previous research. Support from previous research is found in the importance of a clear job description, the importance of management support, the importance of the employee's subjective experience of his work situation and the importance of adequate staff. Also the importance of including employees during reorganization. Longitudinal future research on the influence of reorganization among employees is recommended. This allows for the possibility of transparency in the organization's change as well as its impact on employees.

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the current field of virtual leadership and virtual teams. This study aims to examine the effects on leadership, the relation between the leader and the team member, and the collaboration as a consequence of a rapid virtual transition. This qualitative research was conducted with an inductive approach through a    case study. Primary data was collected through three semi-structured interviews with team leaders from different departments and nine semi-structured interviews with their respective team members. The primary data was analyzed in a thematic way and had support from a theoretical model conducted from secondary sources. This study signifies the importance of establishing relationships, trust and effective communication within teams in virtual environments and recognizes how these aspects are essential for leaders when guiding a team through a rapid virtual transition. Being a leader under the investigated condition suggests individualized leadership as beneficial to maintain stability and trust through the reorganization process. Managerial attitudes are confirmed as influential on team performance through a transition and the transformational leadership theory is argued to be successful when managing a change process based on the studied case.

Die Ländliche Neuordnung ist ein wichtiges Instrument der Integrierten Ländlichen Entwicklung. Die Broschüre vermittelt anhand praktischer Beispiele einen Überblick über die vielfältigen Aufgaben und Möglichkeiten der Ländlichen Neuordnung. Sie ist in sechs Themenbereiche gegliedert: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Natur- und Umweltschutz, Hochwasserschutz, Infrastrukturmaßnahmen, Bodenordnung und Bodenmanagement sowie Minderung von Bergbaufolgen. Beschrieben werden Verfahren in Sachsen, bei denen es gelungen ist, die Interessen der Grundstückseigentümer, der Landwirte, der Gemeinden und der Behörden zu berücksichtigen, Nutzungskonflikte zu entflechten und Eigentumsstrukturen den neuen Erfordernissen anzupassen.

Since January 1, 2015, the police authority's largest organizational reform took place, and 21 county police authorities were merged into one unified police authority. The purpose of this was to increase the prerequisites for a stronger operating result with higher quality in the efforts. In connection with the reorganization, they sought to have a more distinct management where the operations would be employee driven. In this study, the official's space for action is studied, and to what extent the public works are considered regarding the expertise and knowledge of the employees at local police level. Through an interview study the officials of the local police level shared the experiences and how the reorganization's impact on the space of action has affected their ability on making decisions. The analysis of the study takes the biggest inspiration from Lisky's street-level bureaucracy theory but also shows elements of the authority's structure, i.e. top-down and bottom-up perspective. The study also takes into account the public officials’ tools of power and analyzes the exercise of power.

abstract: This study aims to address the deficiencies of the Marcus model of electron transfer (ET) and then provide modifications to the model. A confirmation of the inverted energy gap law, which is the cleanest verification so far, is presented for donor-acceptor complexes. In addition to the macroscopic properties of the solvent, the physical properties of the solvent are incorporated in the model via the microscopic solvation model. For the molecules studied in this dissertation, the rate constant first increases with cooling, in contrast to the prediction of the Arrhenius law, and then decreases at lower temperatures. Additionally, the polarizability of solute, which was not considered in the original Marcus theory, is included by the Q-model of ET. Through accounting for the polarizability of the reactants, the Q-model offers an important design principle for achieving high performance solar energy conversion materials. By means of the analytical Q-model of ET, it is shown that including molecular polarizability of C60 affects the reorganization energy and the activation barrier of ET reaction. The theory and Electrochemistry of Ferredoxin and Cytochrome c are also investigated. By providing a new formulation for reaction reorganization energy, a long-standing disconnect between the results of atomistic simulations and cyclic voltametery experiments is resolved. The significant role of polarizability of enzymes in reducing the activation energy of ET is discussed. The binding/unbinding of waters to the active site of Ferredoxin leads to non-Gaussian statistics of energy gap and result in a smaller activation energy of ET. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of water at the interface of neutral and charged C60 is studied. The dielectric constant is found to be in the range of 10 to 22 which is remarkably smaller compared to bulk water( 80). Moreover, the interfacial structural crossover and hydration thermodynamic of charged C60 in water is studied. Increasing the charge of the C60 molecule result in a dramatic structural transition in the hydration shell, which lead to increase in the population of dangling O-H bonds at the interface. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2019

Reorganisation and restructuring in Czech and European Law This thesis deals with the Czech and European legal regulation of corporate bankruptcy rehabilitation. In the first part, the Czech variant of reorganisation in insolvency proceedings is analysed and then compared with the German and Dutch legislation. The phases preceding the decision to reorganise a company, such as the court moratorium, the drafting, approval and effects of the reorganisation plan, credit financing and the valuation of the debtor's assets are discussed. In the second part, this paper examines the Restructuring and Insolvency Directive accepted in 2019 by European Union and the reasons for its adoption. It outlines the possible ways of implementing this directive in the Czech legal system and the pitfalls that will have to be dealt with. It also explains the most important institutes introduced by the Directive, such as early warning systems, financing of the debtor and the elements of restructuring plans. Since the Directive has already been transposed into the laws of Germany, Netherlands and Greece, this paper also looks at the form of their arrangements. Finally, these types of corporate recovery solutions are compared, their advantages and disadvantages are presented, and the implications of the new institute of...

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18174号 / 医博第3894号 / 新制||医||1003(附属図書館) / 31032 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 金子 武嗣, 教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 河野 憲二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

While physical rehabilitation facilitates some recovery, it is uncommon for patients to recover completely from stroke. Cell based therapies derived from stem cells have produced promising results in enhancing recovery in pre-clinical studies, but the mechanism is not yet completely understood. We previously evaluated human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTC) in our non-human primate model of cortical injury, limited to the hand area of primary motor cortex. hUTC treatment, injected intravenously 24 hours after injury, resulted in significantly greater recovery of fine motor function compared to treatment with vehicle. Based on these striking findings, in the current study, we investigated the hypothesis that hUTC treatment leads to functional recovery through reducing cytotoxic responses and enhancing neurorestorative processes following cortical injury. Brain sections were assessed using histological techniques to quantify perilesional oxidative damage, hemosiderin accumulation, microglial activation, Betz cell number, synaptic density, and astrocytic complexity. Brain sections outside of the primary area of injury were also assessed for microglial activation in white matter pathways, cell activation through c-Fos in premotor cortices, and neurogenesis in neurogenic niches. Finally, blood samples from throughout the recovery period and CSF samples from 16 weeks after injury were analyzed for BDNF levels. In the perilesional area, hUTC treatment was associated with lower oxidative damage and hemosiderin accumulation, but not with a difference in microglial activation. hUTC also resulted in a trend toward higher astrocyte complexity and synaptic density in the lesion area, but no difference in ipsilesional Betz cell number. Further, hUTC treatment led to more microglia in white matter pathways, higher c-Fos activation in ventral premotor cortex, and a trend toward higher neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Finally, BDNF levels were higher in blood with hUTC treatment one week after injury, but there was no change beyond one week in blood serum or in CSF, when compared with vehicle. Taken together, these results suggest that hUTC treatment modulates immune responses, limits perilesional damage and cell death, enables neuroplasticity and reorganization, and enhances acute neurotrophic factor secretion. While many cell therapies are currently undergoing clinical trials, this study advances our understanding of the mechanism of cell based therapies.

This dissertation discusses the administrative mechanisms used to execute the president's federal interagency program for national security emergency preparedness (NSEP). The research examines NSEP organizational history starting with its formal creation in 1933, and focusing on its most recent structure, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (during the 1978-1990 period). The dissertation explores formal organizations as manifestations of public policy. The critical events of recent NSEP history resulting in the redefinition of the public policy are the focus of this case study. The findings are: (1) that reorganization has been a significant aspect of NSEP history; (2) that the formal and informal relationship of an organization and its leadership with the White House constitute a critical aspect of organizational design; (3) that the task of coordination is a murky one rife with hazards; and (4) that the effectiveness of a reorganization can be undermined by its implementation. / Ph. D.