CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / As tecnologias vÃm se tornando cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano das pessoas que trabalham com educaÃÃo, em especial com a EducaÃÃo à Distancia. Entre as diversas tecnologias aplicadas à educaÃÃo, encontra-se a utilizaÃÃo de Recursos Educacionais Abertos - REA. Este estudo pesquisou alguns dos conceitos de REA associados a aprendizagem atravÃs da interatividade entre usuÃrio-aprendiz e o recurso com que ele interage. Dentro deste contexto, esta pesquisa aplicada analisou e classificou diversos REA com base no cone de aprendizagem de Dale, e em conjunto com o MÃtodo de AvaliaÃÃo Ergo-PedagÃgico â MAEP se estabeleceu recomendaÃÃes ergopedagÃgicas para criaÃÃo e avaliaÃÃo destes recursos, com Ãnfase naqueles que possuem um maior grau de imersÃo com o aprendiz, as simulaÃÃes virtuais. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com os objetos do repositÃrio digital Interred, desenvolvido pelas parcerias da Rednet, MEC e CENTEC onde foram utilizados REA presentes no mesmo para a aplicaÃÃo e testes das recomendaÃÃes aqui presentes. O resultado se revela nas recomendaÃÃes para reconfiguraÃÃo do Interred segundo os critÃrios estabelecidos de classificaÃÃo de OE â Objetos Educacionais de acordo com sua Ãrea de conhecimento e formatos, bem como para a criaÃÃo de REA altamente interativos. / The technologies are becoming increasingly present in everyday life of those who work in education, especially with the Distance Education. Among the many topics of study in this area, one of them lies in the use of Open Educational Resources - OER. Although research with OERs is a recurring theme in studies around the world, yet little explored lies within the context of the Brazilian Academy, so this study investigated some of the concepts associated OERs learning through interactivity between the learner and user-resource with which it interacts. Within this context this applied research, examined various REAS and ranked them based on Dale\'s cone of expertise, and in conjunction with the Valuation Method Ergo-Pedagogical - MAEP, settled ergo-pedagogical recommendations for creating and evaluating these resources, with emphasis on those that have a greater degree of immersion with the learner, virtual simulations. This research was conducted with the objects of the digital repository Interred developed by partnerships of Rednet MEC e CENTEC, where present the same to the application and testing of the recommendations made here. The result reveals the recommendations for the reconfiguration Interred according to established criteria for classifying LOs - learning objects according to their area of expertise and formats, as well as for creating highly interactive REAs.

Os avanços tecnológicos impõem um grande desafio para a preservação do patrimônio digital. Além de garantir a longevidade e acessibilidade dos documentos, é necessário mantê-los autênticos e íntegros para que os usuários confiem neles como fonte de informação e objeto de estudo. Instituições guardiãs precisam assumir a preservação de suas coleções digitais e construir repositórios digitais confiáveis. Este trabalho recorre a um estudo exploratório para conhecer as práticas de preservação da autenticidade e integridade dos documentos que compõem os acervos das bibliotecas digitais de teses e dissertações das três universidades estaduais paulistas (Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio Mesquita Filho - Unesp e Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp). As práticas dessas universidades demonstram a necessidade de melhorias para que elas sejam efetivamente capazes de assumir a responsabilidade de salvaguardar o patrimônio digital. / Technological innovations raise a set of great challenges to the preservation of digital heritage. Besides assuring the longevity and accessibility of digital documents, it is also important to preserve their authenticity and integrity so one can trust and use digital documents as information source and study objects. Memory organizations must assume an active role in preserving their digital collections and building trusted digital repositories. This dissertation searches through an exploratory study to uncover the practices of the digital libraries of theses and dissertations of the three state universities of Sao Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp e Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp) for preserving the authenticity and integrity of their collections. Their preservation practices show that improvements need to be done so they can in fact take the responsibility of preserving digital heritage.

A investigação teve como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia de organização, representação, preservação e disseminação da informação técnico-científica em plataformas de acesso aberto: DSpace e Archivematica, tendo como base os princípios da Arquivística, Organização e Representação do Conhecimento e Arquitetura da Informação para subsidiar a concepção, modelagem e implementação de um protótipo de repositório digital aplicado no domínio da Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência - SBPC. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, utilizou-se da abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e da pesquisa ação para compor o desenvolvimento do quadro teórico e empírico da pesquisa. O percurso metodológico foi realizado a partir de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica sobres as temáticas envolvidas. Num primeiro momento, buscou-se a identificação e seleção de aportes conceituais e metodológicos que pudessem orientar a criação do repositório. Em seguida, foi aplicado a metodologia da identificação de tipologia documental para o reconhecimento do domínio de aplicação, visando levantar e identificar as funções, atividades, espécies e tipologias documentais para nortear a sistematização do arcabouço conceitual e metodológico (criação de plano de classificação, definição da camada de metadados, e sistemas de organização, navegação, rotulação e busca. E por fim, a customização dos componentes técnicofuncionais da plataforma DSpace e a sua integração com o software Archivematica. Como resultado final, apresenta-se a definição de um conjunto de requisitos mínimos relativos às estruturas e elementos que compõem a arquitetura da informação, camada de metadados para organização, representação e recuperação da informação, sistemas de organização do conhecimento e aspectos fundamentais para subsidiar a gestão da preservação digital a longo prazo. Conclui-se, portanto, que a plataforma DSpace integrada com o Archivematica podem ser dispositivos eficazes para prover o armazenamento, organização, representação, disseminação e preservação de documentos destinados à guarda permanente para constituir a memória institucional. / The investigation had the objective of presenting a methodology of organization, representation, preservation and dissemination of technical and scientific information in open access platforms: DSpace and Archivematica, based on the principles of Archival Science, organization and representantion of knowledge and information architecture to subsidize the conception, modeling and implementation of a digital repository prototype applied in the dominion of the Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science - SBPC. To achieve the proposed objectives, we used the hypothetical-deductive approach and action research to compose the development of the theoretical and empirical framework of the research. The methodological path was carried out from an extensive bibliographical review on the themes involved. In a first moment, it was sought an identification and selection of conceptual and methodological contributions that could orientate the repository creation. Then, the methodology of identification of documentary typology was applied for the recognition of the application dominion, aiming to raise and identify the functions, activities, species and documentary typologies to guide the systematization of the conceptual and methodological framework (creation of classification plan, metadata layer, and organization, navigation, lettering and search system). And finally, the customization of technical-functional components of the DSpace platform and your integration with the Archivematica software. As final result, presents the definition of a series of minimum requirements relative to the structures and elements of the information architecture, metadata layers to information organization, representation and recuperation, knowledge organization system and fundamental aspects to subsidize the management of a long term digital preservation. Therefore, concludes that the platform DSpace integrated with the Archivematica can be effective devices to provide the storage, organization, representation, dissemination and preservation of documents intended for permanent custody to constitute the institutional memory.

O advento da internet revolucionou o modo como cientistas comunicam os resultados de suas pesquisas, potencializando a disseminação e o acesso à produção científica. Esse fato foi responsável pela reestruturação do fluxo da informação científica (ICT), que passou a incorporar características próprias da cultura digital. A Iniciativa dos Arquivos Abertos constituiu a infraestrutura que apóia essa reestruturação. Também foi responsável pela institucionalização de um modelo denominado repositórios de e-prints (RE), o qual armazena, dissemina e promove a produção científica, publicada ou não, em um espaço gerido pela própria comunidade científica, que permite a inclusão de seus comentários públicos sobre o conteúdo dessa produção. A hipótese do trabalho sugere que a aderência desse modelo pelas comunidades científicas é dependente do seu nível de compreensão e aceitação e do perfil da área, interferindo na adoção da inovação e em sua legitimação. Por meio de um estudo de caso de pesquisadores brasileiros das Ciências da Comunicação foi empreendida a técnica do grupo de foco eletrônico entre 18 pesquisadores, cujo perfil foi formado por líderes de grupos de pesquisa cadastrados no CNPq com formação na área. O estudo exploratório permitiu identificar diversas questões presentes nas dinâmicas da comunicação científica da área conduzindo à comprovação da hipótese. Dentre os resultados destacam-se a baixa percepção de que esse modelo otimiza o fluxo da ICT e a forte tendência para não aceitação do modelo em função do perfil da área. Conclui-se que o nível de aderência ao modelo insere-se em uma escala que varia de média a baixa. / The advent of the internet has revolutionized the way scientists communicate their research results increasing the power to disseminate and to access scientific production. This fact was responsible to restructure the scientific information flow that has incorporated its own characteristics from the digital culture. The Open Archives Initiative constituted the infrastructure that supports this restructuring. It was also responsible for the institutionalization of a model called e-prints repositories (ER), that stores, disseminates and promotes scientific production, published or not, in a place managed by the scientific community itself, that allows the inclusion of their public commentaries about contents of that production. The hypothesis of this work suggests that the adherence to this model by the scientific communities depends on the level of understanding and acceptance, of the profile of the field interfering with the adoption of the innovation and its legitimation. Through a case study of Brazilian researchers from the Communication Sciences field it had been carried out the electronic focus group technique among 18 researchers, whose profile was formed by researches leaders registered at CNPq with backgroung in the field. The exploratory study identified many questions present in the dynamics of scientific communication of the field leading to proof of the hypothesis. From among results, distinguish low perception of that this model optimized the scientific information flow and strong tendency to not accept the model becauce of field profile. In conclusion, the level of adherence to the model is inserted in a medium to low scale.

O advento da internet revolucionou o modo como cientistas comunicam os resultados de suas pesquisas, potencializando a disseminação e o acesso à produção científica. Esse fato foi responsável pela reestruturação do fluxo da informação científica (ICT), que passou a incorporar características próprias da cultura digital. A Iniciativa dos Arquivos Abertos constituiu a infraestrutura que apóia essa reestruturação. Também foi responsável pela institucionalização de um modelo denominado repositórios de e-prints (RE), o qual armazena, dissemina e promove a produção científica, publicada ou não, em um espaço gerido pela própria comunidade científica, que permite a inclusão de seus comentários públicos sobre o conteúdo dessa produção. A hipótese do trabalho sugere que a aderência desse modelo pelas comunidades científicas é dependente do seu nível de compreensão e aceitação e do perfil da área, interferindo na adoção da inovação e em sua legitimação. Por meio de um estudo de caso de pesquisadores brasileiros das Ciências da Comunicação foi empreendida a técnica do grupo de foco eletrônico entre 18 pesquisadores, cujo perfil foi formado por líderes de grupos de pesquisa cadastrados no CNPq com formação na área. O estudo exploratório permitiu identificar diversas questões presentes nas dinâmicas da comunicação científica da área conduzindo à comprovação da hipótese. Dentre os resultados destacam-se a baixa percepção de que esse modelo otimiza o fluxo da ICT e a forte tendência para não aceitação do modelo em função do perfil da área. Conclui-se que o nível de aderência ao modelo insere-se em uma escala que varia de média a baixa. / The advent of the internet has revolutionized the way scientists communicate their research results increasing the power to disseminate and to access scientific production. This fact was responsible to restructure the scientific information flow that has incorporated its own characteristics from the digital culture. The Open Archives Initiative constituted the infrastructure that supports this restructuring. It was also responsible for the institutionalization of a model called e-prints repositories (ER), that stores, disseminates and promotes scientific production, published or not, in a place managed by the scientific community itself, that allows the inclusion of their public commentaries about contents of that production. The hypothesis of this work suggests that the adherence to this model by the scientific communities depends on the level of understanding and acceptance, of the profile of the field interfering with the adoption of the innovation and its legitimation. Through a case study of Brazilian researchers from the Communication Sciences field it had been carried out the electronic focus group technique among 18 researchers, whose profile was formed by researches leaders registered at CNPq with backgroung in the field. The exploratory study identified many questions present in the dynamics of scientific communication of the field leading to proof of the hypothesis. From among results, distinguish low perception of that this model optimized the scientific information flow and strong tendency to not accept the model becauce of field profile. In conclusion, the level of adherence to the model is inserted in a medium to low scale.

<p>To self-archive is to make research publications freely accessible by depositing them in an open digital archive or on a public website. The aim of this thesis is to explore what Swedish scientists think of self-archiving, what they know about it and how they make use of it, in order to understand why they do not self-archive more actively.</p><p>A web survey was conducted which was answered by 296 scientists at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). Results show that only 24 % have previous experience of self-archiving, but that a majority is willing to self-archive if there are no legal objections or if it is demanded by the research funder. The most important reasons why many scientists do not self-archive are that they feel uncertain about copyright issues and/or lack knowledge about self-archiving.</p>

Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) behavior in geological porous media has been a subject of great interest in many geoengineering disciplines. Many attempts have been made to develop numerical prediction capabilities associated with topics such as the movement of pollutant plumes, gas injection, energy storage, geothermal energy extraction, and safety assessment of repositories for radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. This thesis presents a new numerical modeling approach and a new computer code for simulating coupled THM behavior in geological porous media in general, and compacted bentonite clays in particular, as buffer materials in underground radioactive waste repositories. New governing equations were derived according to the theory of mixtures, considering interactions among solid-phase deformation, flows of water and gases, heat transport, and phase change of water. For three-dimensional problems, eight governing equations were formulated to describe the coupled THM processes. A new thermal conductivity model was developed to predict the thermal conductivity of geological porous media as composite mixtures. The proposed model considers the combined effects of solid mineral composition, temperature, liquid saturation degree, porosity and pressure on the effective thermal conductivity of the porous media. The predicted results agree well with the experimental data for MX80 bentonite. A new water retention curve model was developed to predict the suction-saturation behavior of the geological porous media, as a function of suction, effective saturated degree, temperature, porosity, pore-gas pressure, and the rate of saturation degree change with time. The model was verified against experimental data of the FEBEX bentonite, with good agreement between measured and calculated results. A new finite element code (ROLG) was developed for modeling fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in geological porous media. The new code was validated against several analytical solutions and experiments, and was applied to simulate the large scale in-situ Canister Retrieval Test (CRT) at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, SKB, Sweden, with good agreement between measured and predicted results. The results are useful for performance and safety assessments of radioactive waste repositories. / QC20100720 / THERESA

The purpose of this research is to develop a methodology for a thorium fuel recycling analysis that provides results for isotopics and radio-toxicity evaluation and analysis. This research is motivated by the need to reduce the long term radiological hazard in spent nuclear fuel, which mitigates the mixing hazard (radiotoxicity and chemical toxicity) and decay heat load on the repository. The first part of the thesis presents comparison of several once-through cases with uranium and thorium fuels to show how transuranics build up as fuel is depleted. The once-through analysis is performed for the following pairs of comparison cases: low enriched uranium dioxide (UOX) vs. thorium dioxide with 233UOX (233U-ThOX), natural uranium dioxide mixed with transuranic oxides (U-TRUOX) vs. thorium dioxide mixed with transuranic oxides (Th-TRUOX), natural uranium dioxide mixed with weapons grade plutonium dioxide (U-WGPuOX) vs. thorium dioxide mixed with weapons grade plutonium dioxide (Th-WGPuOX), natural uranium dioxide mixed with reactor grade plutonium dioxide (U-RGPuOX) vs. thorium mixed with reactor grade plutonium dioxide (Th-RGPuOX). The second part of the research evaluates the thorium fuel equilibrium cycle in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) and compares several recycling cases with different partitioning schemes. Radio-toxicity results of the once-through cycle and multi-recycle calculations demonstrate advantages for thorium fuel and reprocessing with respect to long term nuclear waste management.

This thesis explores mining the evolutionary history of a software system to support software developers and managers in their endeavors to build and maintain complex software systems. We introduce the idea of evolutionary extractors which are specialized extractors that can recover the history of software projects from software repositories, such as source control systems. The challenges faced in building C-REX, an evolutionary extractor for the C programming language, are discussed. We examine the use of source control systems in industry and the quality of the recovered C-REX data through a survey of several software practitioners. Using the data recovered by C-REX, we develop several approaches and techniques to assist developers and managers in their activities. We propose <em>Source Sticky Notes</em> to assist developers in understanding legacy software systems by attaching historical information to the dependency graph. We present the <em>Development Replay</em> approach to estimate the benefits of adopting new software maintenance tools by reenacting the development history. We propose the <em>Top Ten List</em> which assists managers in allocating testing resources to the subsystems that are most susceptible to have faults. To assist managers in improving the quality of their projects, we present a complexity metric which quantifies the complexity of the changes to the code instead of quantifying the complexity of the source code itself. All presented approaches are validated empirically using data from several large open source systems. The presented work highlights the benefits of transforming software repositories from static record keeping repositories to active repositories used by researchers to gain empirically based understanding of software development, and by software practitioners to predict, plan and understand various aspects of their project.

This thesis explores mining the evolutionary history of a software system to support software developers and managers in their endeavors to build and maintain complex software systems. We introduce the idea of evolutionary extractors which are specialized extractors that can recover the history of software projects from software repositories, such as source control systems. The challenges faced in building C-REX, an evolutionary extractor for the C programming language, are discussed. We examine the use of source control systems in industry and the quality of the recovered C-REX data through a survey of several software practitioners. Using the data recovered by C-REX, we develop several approaches and techniques to assist developers and managers in their activities. We propose <em>Source Sticky Notes</em> to assist developers in understanding legacy software systems by attaching historical information to the dependency graph. We present the <em>Development Replay</em> approach to estimate the benefits of adopting new software maintenance tools by reenacting the development history. We propose the <em>Top Ten List</em> which assists managers in allocating testing resources to the subsystems that are most susceptible to have faults. To assist managers in improving the quality of their projects, we present a complexity metric which quantifies the complexity of the changes to the code instead of quantifying the complexity of the source code itself. All presented approaches are validated empirically using data from several large open source systems. The presented work highlights the benefits of transforming software repositories from static record keeping repositories to active repositories used by researchers to gain empirically based understanding of software development, and by software practitioners to predict, plan and understand various aspects of their project.