SOARES, Maria Vilani. As representações da escrita e do ensino da escrita na perspectiva dos relatos de vida do professor. 2009. 221 f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza-CE,2009. / Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2012-09-27T14:33:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_TESE_MVSOARES.pdf: 1147343 bytes, checksum: e76979ea2d2d4424c08aba6baa4bc154 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2013-09-24T00:05:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_TESE_MVSOARES.pdf: 1147343 bytes, checksum: e76979ea2d2d4424c08aba6baa4bc154 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-24T00:05:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_TESE_MVSOARES.pdf: 1147343 bytes, checksum: e76979ea2d2d4424c08aba6baa4bc154 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Proposes a reflection on the representations that the teacher has the writing and the teaching of writing, noting the extent to which these representations influence the guidelines proposed by teachers teaching to the teaching of writing in classroom. Methodological procedure used as the perspective of the reported life of nine teachers of Portuguese in Elementary School (7th), the network of state public schools, which operate in the city of Teresina, Piauí. Considered to support the theoretical concept of social representation as is done by researcher Serge Moscovici and his collaborators, as well as theories of language and the different conceptions of language and texts produced within the linguistics. Taking into account that the relationship with any object of knowledge is not in a vacuum, but is anchored in a particular social reality, seeking an approximation of the current studies on literacy. Shows the analysis of data that, although the reports of the teachers interviewed have been playing the old practice of teaching, they also show acts of those teachers who demonstrate the concern and attempt to introduce themselves to other practices that indicate the direction of another representation of the writing and teaching to write / Propõe uma reflexão sobre as representações que o professor tem da escrita e do ensino da escrita, verificando até que ponto estas representações influenciam as orientações didáticas propostas pelos professores para o ensino da escrita em sala de aula. Utiliza como procedimento metodológico a perspectiva dos relatos de vida de nove professores de Português do Ensino Fundamental II (7ª), de escolas da rede pública estadual, que atuam na cidade de Teresina-Piauí. Considera como suporte teórico o conceito de representação social tal qual desenvolvido pelo pesquisador Serge Moscovici e seus colaboradores, bem como as teorias da linguagem e as diferentes concepções de língua e texto produzidas no interior da Lingüística. Levando em conta que a relação com todo objeto de conhecimento não se dá num vazio, antes encontra-se ancorada em uma dada realidade social, busca uma aproximação dos estudos atuais sobre o letramento. Mostra com a análise dos dados que, embora os relatos dos professores entrevistados tenham revelado a reprodução de antigas práticas de ensino, eles também revelam atos desses docentes que demonstram a preocupação e tentativa de eles mesmos introduzirem outras práticas que apontam para a direção de uma outra representação do ato de escrever e de ensinar a escrever

This dissertation analyses, in a comparative perspective collective agreements entered into in Belgium and in South Africa in the private sector. It is divided into three parts: Belgian law, South African law and a comparative perspective. Each part adopts the same format: it comprises a historical survey, a description of the parties to collective agreements, the forums in which collective bargaining takes place and an analysis of collective agreements, focusing on the nature of their binding force. Because Belgian law prohibits agency shop and closed shop agreements, on the basis of the freedom of association, no reference has been made to these agreements, even though they are permitted in South Africa and are regarded as collective agreements. This dissertation does not deal with collective agreements entered into to regulate terms and conditions of employment in the public sector as state employees in Belgium are excluded from the scope of labour law and have their employment relationship governed by administrative law / Law / LL.M.

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / eeue is dit in die kerk verwaarloos omdat die kerk dikwels staatskerk was en gemeentelede vanwee die ampshieragie in die kerk as minderwaardig beskou is en gevolglik passief geraak het. Selfs na die Hervorming het gemeentestrukture nie so verander dat gemeentelede aangemoedig is om God se priesters in die wereld te wees nie. In die Ned Geref Kerk is dit ook die geval. Tot en met die eerste demokratiese verkiesing in Suid-Afrika in 1994, was daar 'n intieme band tussen die kerk en die staat en tot nou toe nog, is dit 'n kerk met 'n baie sterk ampshierargie. Die gevolg is dat gelowiges nie deur die tipiese gemeentestruktuur in die kerk aangemoedig word om God se priesters in die wereld te wees nie, maar eerder om die gemeente te konserveer en te bewaar. Suid-Afrika met sy lae produktiwiteitsyfer en buitengewone hoe misdaadsyfer sou vandag baie beter daaraan toe gewees het as getowiges binne die Ned Geref Kerk oor die jare heen deur die gemeentestruktuur aangemoedig is om as God se verteenwoordigers in die samelewing op te tree.wereld op te tree, is dit nodig dat gemeentes vanuit die perspektief van die algemene priesterskap van die gelowige, nuut gestruktureer word. Hiervoor is 'n teorie en 'n ekklesiologiese model vir die algemene priesterskap van die gelowige nodig. In hierdie studie word nie net alleen so 'n teorie en model ontwikkel nie, maar word ook aangedui hoe hierdie model reeds binne 'n gemeente in die Ned Geref Kerk toegepas is. maak om op die wereld in plaas van op die konservering en bewaring van die gemeente te fokus. Die studie word afgesluit met die hoop dat gemeentes krities sal reflekteer oor die algemene priesterskap van gelowiges en sal oorweeg om te herstruktureer sodat iets van die algemene priesterskap van die gelowige in die toekoms tot sy reg sal kom. / The general priesthood of the believer is emphasised in the Bible. But the church has neglected it through the ages because the church often was a state church and church members were regarded as inferior and became passive due to the official hierarchy in the church. extent as to encourage church members to function as God's priests in the world. This is also the case in the Dutch Reformed Church. Up to the first democratic election in South Africa in 1994 there was an intimate bond between this church and the state, and to this day the Dutch Reformed Church has a very strong official hierarchy. Consequently the typical congregational structure of the church does not encourage church members to function as God's priests in the world but rather to conserve and preserve the congregation. South Africa, with its low rate of productivity and exceptionally high crime rate, would have been much better off today if the congregational structures had over the years encouraged believers in the Dutch Reformed Church to act as God's representatives in society. Should congregations wish to encourage their members to act as God's priests in the world, it will be necessary to restructure themselves from the perspective of the general priesthood of believers. Such theory and model are developed in this study. It is also shown how such a model has already been applied in a congregation of the Dutch Reformed Church. The study divides the ministerial responsibility of the believer into two categories, namely internal and external responsibility. This division enables congregations to focus on the world in stead of the conservation and preservation of the congregation as such. The study is concluded in the hope that congregations will take a critical look at the general priesthood of believers and will consider restructuring themselves so that individual believers will embrace their general priesthood in future. / D.Th.(Practical Theology)

Text in English / The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of community members regarding their participation in hospital boards in Dr Kenneth Kaunda district, North West Province. A qualitative exploratory-descriptive research was conducted on a purposively selected sample of community members who served in the board for a minimum period of two years. Data were collected by means of individual interviews and analysed by means of thematic data analysis. Three themes that emerged from data analysis were creation of opportunities, benefits and challenges. A mix of positive and negative experiences was expressed by community representatives regarding their participation in hospital boards. Participants described their experiences as enjoyable and empowering while others described it as a learning experience through which they acquired knowledge and new skills. The challenges experienced whilst serving in hospital boards included ineffective communication, poor relations and role conflict as a result of lack of role clarification. The findings from the study may be used to enhance the effectiveness of hospital governing boards through the participation of community members. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The central aim of my thesis is to compare the objectives of the concept of Waldorf education since the foundation of the education until the present time. At the beginning the thesis deals with Rudolf Steiner, who founded thiseducational system almost one hundred years ago. Here its aim is to represent the basic ideas of Steiner, which later served as a basis of Waldorf education and became popular worldwide. Development of Waldorf schools worldwide, especially in the Czech Republic, is another part of the thesis. Furthermore, I compare the aims of Waldorf educational concept at the beginning and today. I describe changes that have occurred mainly in the Czech Republic, but I could not omit changes abroad. In my thesis I try to capture the positives and negatives of Waldorf schools compared to traditional schools.

Partindo da perspectiva de que a política externa é uma política pública, o presente artigo pretende verificar a hipótese de fortalecimento da atuação da Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Minorias da Câmara dos Deputados (CDHM-CD) no exercício de suas prerrogativas de controle da política externa brasileira ao integrar o Comitê Brasileiro de Direitos Humanos e Política Externa (CBDHPE), coalizão de advocacy que agrega organizações da sociedade civil e entes estatais em prol do objetivo comum de fortalecer a participação cidadã e o controle democrático da política externa brasileira em direitos humanos. Com esse propósito, analisamos quantitativamente as atividades de interface internacional realizadas pela Comissão entre os anos de 1995 e 2015, esperando verificar aumento relativo daquelas que pretenderam monitorar e avaliar a atuação externa estatal a partir de 2006, ano de constituição do Comitê. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para a realização periódica pela CDHM-CD, de 2005 em diante, de eventos de monitoramento da política externa brasileira em direitos humanos, que contaram com a participação da sociedade civil e de autoridades de Estado, investigados no trabalho. Concluímos que, embora a análise quantitativa realizada não corrobore nossa hipótese inicial, não podemos descartar a importância do Comitê na instituição e continuidade da iniciativa acima mencionada, que representou inovação no rol das atividades desempenhadas pela Comissão. Além disso, a evolução das atividades da CDHM-CD a partir da constituição do CBDHPE sugere que a atuação da primeira passou a refletir, em maior medida, o potencial da política externa como instrumento para o avanço dos direitos humanos e, em consequência, o próprio caráter transnacional desses direitos, em diálogo com a hipótese teórica de aprendizado político entre membros de uma mesma coalizão proposta pelo referencial Advocacy Coalition Framework. / From the perspective of foreign policy as a public policy, the article herein intends to verify the hypothesis that the Commission on Human Rights and Minorities of the Brazilian House of Representatives (CHRM-HR) has intensified its efforts in monitoring the performance of the Executive Branch of the Brazilian government with regards to the State\'s foreign policy when it became a member of the Brazilian Committee on Human Rights and Foreign Policy (BCHRFP), advocacy coalition that brings together civil society organizations and state entities to strengthen civic participation and democratic control over the Brazilian Foreign Policy on Human Rights. For this purpose, we quantitatively analyzed the activities performed by the Commission between 1995 and 2015 that presented an international interface. In this respect, we expected to note a relative increase of those aiming at monitoring and evaluating State\'s external actions from the creation of the Committee in 2006. The results obtained pointed that from 2005 on periodic events have taken place in the CHRM-HR with the specific purpose of controlling Brazilian foreign policy, with the participation of civil society and State authorities. We concluded that, although the quantitative analysis did not corroborate our initial hypothesis, we cannot rule out the importance of the Committee in the institution and continuity of the initiative above, which represented an innovation among the activities carried out by the CHRM-HR. In addition, the evolution of the Commission\'s activities in scope since the constitution of BCHRFP could suggest that the actions of the first have begun to reflect the power of foreign policy in advancing human rights and the very transnational character of these rights, in accordance with the theoretical hypothesis of policy-oriented learning among members of the same coalition proposed by The Advocacy Coalition Framework.

Contexte : Les inégalités sociales de santé liées à l'alimentation sont associées à une prévalence accrue de maladies chroniques au sein des populations socioéconomiquement défavorisées. Le manque d’accès physique et économique à des aliments sains et abordables engendre des inégalités sociales en l’alimentation et pourrait expliquer une part du gradient observé, comme c’est le cas dans les quartiers les plus pauvres dans l’Est de Montréal. Objectif : Comprendre les perspectives des ménages à faible revenu (MFR) et des acteurs en sécurité alimentaire sur l’accès aux aliments sains dans l’environnement alimentaire de l’Est de Montréal, en tenant compte de la viabilité des initiatives alimentaires locales. Méthodologie : L’étude a suivi un devis qualitatif mené selon une approche de recherche-action, en partenariat avec le Réseau alimentaire de l’Est de Montréal (RAEM). Six groupes de discussion auprès des MFR (n= 49) et un auprès de membres du RAEM (n=13) ont été réalisés en 2018. L’analyse des données est articulée autour de cinq dimensions de l’accès aux aliments (économique, spatio-temporelle, sur la disponibilité de service, sociale et personnelle) proposées par Freedman et al. 2013. Résultats : Un accès limité à des aliments abordables et de qualité dans l’environnement alimentaire, des contraintes de transport et les distances à parcourir pour s’approvisionner en aliments sont les principaux obstacles à l’accès à la saine alimentation soulignés par les MFR. Pour les acteurs, bien que les dimensions économiques et spatio-temporelles s’avèrent majeures, d’autres facteurs liés aux dimensions personnelles sont également des barrières importantes. Conclusion : Les perspectives des MFR et des acteurs en sécurité alimentaire suggèrent que la situation économique et géographique, mais aussi les préférences personnelles et sociales des MFR sont déterminantes dans l’accès à la saine alimentation. Malgré la divergence des perspectives, celles-ci doivent d’être prises en considération lors de l'implantation de stratégies. / Context: Social inequalities in health related to diet are associated with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Lack of physical and economic access to healthy and affordable food instigates these social inequalities, and could partly explain the observed gradient, as in the case of one of the poorest neighborhoods in Eastern Montréal. Objective: Understand the perspectives of low-income households (LIHs) and food security actors of the Montreal East Food Network (RAEM) on access to healthy food in the food environment of Eastern Montreal, bearing in mind the viability of local food initiatives. Methodology: This qualitative study followed an action-research approach in partnership with RAEM. Six focus groups with LIHs (n = 49) and one with RAEM members (n = 13) were carried out in 2018. Data analysis was guided by the five dimensions of food access (economic, spatio-temporal, service availability, social and personal), as described by Freedman et al. (2013). Results: LIHs perceive that limited access to affordable food of high quality in the food environment, transportation constraints, and travel distance to food stores as the main obstacles to healthy eating. Although food security actors described the economic and spatio-temporal dimensions as crucial, they also acknowledged important barriers related to the personal and social dimensions. Conclusion: The perspectives of LIHs and food security actors suggest that economic and geographic situations, as well as the personal and social preferences of LIHs are determinants in access to healthy food. Despite the divergence of perspectives, these must be taken into consideration when implementing food security strategies. Keywords: Food environment, health disparities, food access, low socioeconomic status, food system representatives, alternative food system.

Ph.D. Thesis ABSTRACT Mgr. Veronika Kristková, LL.M., 2013 Position of victims of human rights violations in international law with focus on victims of serious violations of human rights and international humantiarian law This work focuses within the broad theme of " Position of the victims of the human rights violations in international law" on victims of serious human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (hereinafter only serious violations). The author decided to focus on the victims of serious violations because the research revealed that while the rights of victims of human rights violations are in general relatively settled in theory as well in practice of international law, the rights of the victims of serious violations is an area, which raises several doctrinal questions, encountered rapid development in recent years and continues to develop. Analysis of the rights of the victims of serious violations necessary must be based on the rights of the victims of human rights violations in general, which serves as a baseline for the analysis of the rights of the victims of serious violations. Only in comparison with the general rights of the victims of human rights violations the specificities of the rights of the victims of serious violations stand up. First the work...

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Following the historic election of Barack Obama, the largest overhaul of the nation's health care system since the Great Society, and with the country still reeling from the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression, a group of disenchanted conservative Republicans and elected leaders wary of government policy gave rise to a new political movement - the Tea Party. Since taking the American political system by storm in 2010, considerable research has focused on the electoral consequences of the Tea Party. Using an original dataset and the American National Election Study, I study the Tea Party Caucus at the elite level by analyzing roll call votes, incumbency, and endorsements, and at the mass level through an examination of congressional districts and constituencies. Findings show that members of the Tea Party Caucus and their Republican House colleagues are largely homogeneous. Exceptions to this include economic final passage votes, legislation receiving presidential support, district lean, census region, and presidential vote in congressional districts. Furthermore, evidence is seen that economic factors in members' districts affected the election of freshmen representatives in 2010, and that district variables strongly influence legislative voting behavior. Finally, discontinuity is discovered between the Tea Party movement at the mass level and the Tea Party Caucus at the elite level.