Si l’on s’accorde à dire que les droits de la défense sont un principe fondamental du droit processuel sans lequelune procédure ne saurait être dite équitable, le sens technique de cette notion demeure aujourd’hui toujoursobscur. En effet, l’approche traditionnelle consistant à définir les droits de la défense comme un ensemble degaranties dont dispose toute partie à une procédure afin d’y défendre ses intérêts ne parvient pas à lever toutesles incertitudes et, surtout, ne permet pas de comprendre rationnellement l’ensemble des hypothèses danslesquelles on peut constater leur utilisation technique et concrète.En arrière-plan des différentes garanties, les droits de la défense semblent se présenter comme un conceptdistinct de celles-ci. Ils sont en eux-mêmes une véritable norme introduite en droit positif sous la forme d’unprincipe fondamental dont les différentes garanties assurent l’effectivité. Imposant que toute personne soumise àun pouvoir décisionnel soit mise en mesure de se défendre, c’est-à-dire de soutenir ou de contester uneprétention, cette norme irrigue concrètement le droit positif en fondant aussi bien la nullité d’une procédure quel’irresponsabilité pénale de l’auteur d’une infraction. / If it is agreed that defense rights are a fundamental principle of procedural law, without which, no trial could besaid to be fair, the technical sense of this concept still remains obscure today. Traditionally defined as anensemble of guarantees, which each party to the proceedings is entitled to in order to defend its interests, thisplural approach to the concept does not however remove all uncertainties. It especially does not allow us torationally understand all the situations in which we can see its concrete and technical application.Among the different guarantees, defense rights seem to present themselves as a distinct, separate concept. Theyare in themselves a true standard introduced into the substasntive law in the form of a fundamental principlewhere the different guarantees ensure its effectiveness. Stating that any person subject to a decision-makingauthority should be able to defend her or himself, that is to say to support or to deny a claim, this legal standardencompasses, concretely, positive law by basing both the nullity of a procedure and the irresponsibility of anoffender.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luciana_assuncao_macieira_bandeira.pdf: 902354 bytes, checksum: 5cf2dabd79fe9f4d78dcd28e37434225 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-01 / The Law number 9.868/99 has significantly changed the Brazilian constitutionality control system, an important instrument for defending the maintenance of the Democratic State of Law, breaking the dogma of the nullity of unconstitutional acts and it created a modulation of the effects of unconstitutionality decisions. The research has carried out quantitative and qualitative analysis, with case studies corresponding to 1,232 merit judgment sentences issued by the Supreme Federal Court, between the years of 1988 and June 30, 2013, in the course of abstract constitutionality review. The objective was to identify if there is political party influence in the modulation of effects of the unconstitutionality decision, identifying the external and internal factors that have interfered in the studied judgments. The research has evaluated the available samples from the statistical lists of the direct claim of unconstitutionality and declaratory action in the Supreme Court´s website, which has allowed us to locate each action judged in its merit and to consult vote by vote. The research has discovered that, between 1988 to 2013, 18 (eighteen) cases had refused to modulate the effects of its own decisions, and 37 (thirty seven) sentences allowed pro futuro, ex nunc and pre-arranged date effects, corresponding to 4.5% of the cases judged on merit. The study has classified the data regarding their modulated deadline, the beneficiaries and the object of the modulations. Of the 37 (thirty seven) cases identified with modulation, the research diagnosed 13 (thirteen) with strong signs of political party influence. The votes have also shown other interference factors: internal influence by the peers at the Court, for social and economic reasons (structuring theory of law), and even on behalf of the decision coherence with other precedents (Dworkin's integrity theory). In all the thirteen judged cases, the modulation requests were made by the president or by state governor. In 7 (seven) cases, the associate justices changed theirs votes to adhere to the consensually debated modulation. In all cases there was a discussion of financial-economic factors which involved the public treasure. The study has compared the discovered values with the foreign constitutional doctrine and the jurisprudential experience from Austria, USA and Germany, which have directly or indirectly influenced the national constitutional review system. This analysis has described the similarities and differences in the composition and functionality of the Court, as well as the species, extension and effects of unconstitutionality abstract and concrete review. The hypothesis problematized in the research was proved, regarding the occurrence of political party influence, which also occurs at foreign courts whose composition is determined by the Parliament or by the Chief of the Executive branch, but this influence would not have an exclusive character in determining the modulation of effects of unconstitutionality sentences. It was concluded that, in Brazil, the choice of 8 (eight) from the 11 (eleven) ministers by a same party was determinant to make the Court suffer political party influence throughout the years. The possibility of unconstitutionality modulation interferes directly in the public policies implemented by the State and Federal government, which aggravated the political pressure suffered by the judges. Since the modulation uses undetermined concepts of juridical security and exceptional social interest, though many influences external do the positive system have been detected, social aspiration demands the fulfillment of the minimal limits foreseen in the very system for fulfilling of this "open organization of the norm" to avoid arbitrariness. / O advento da Lei nº 9.868/99 alterou significativamente o sistema de controle de constitucionalidade brasileiro, importante instrumento de defesa da manutenção do Estado Democrático de Direito, com a quebra do dogma da nulidade dos atos inconstitucionais, e a autorização expressa da modulação dos efeitos das declarações de inconstitucionalidade. A pesquisa realizou análises qualitativa e quantitativa, mediante levantamento de dados correspondentes a 1.232 acórdãos de julgamento de mérito proferidos pelo plenário do Supremo Tribunal Federal, entre os anos de 1988 a 30 de junho de 2013, em sede de controle abstrato de constitucionalidade. O objetivo foi identificar se há influência político partidária na modulação de efeitos da declaração de inconstitucionalidade, identificando os fatores externos e internos que interferiram nos julgados estudados. A pesquisa avaliou as amostras disponibilizadas nas listagens de estatísticas de ações de controle abstrato de constitucionalidade, existente no site do Supremo Tribunal, o que permitiu localizar cada ação julgada em seu mérito, e consultar voto a voto. A pesquisa descobriu que, entre 1988 a 2013, 18 (dezoito) casos tiveram indeferimento expresso do pedido de modulação, e 37 (trinta e sete) acórdãos acolheram a alteração da eficácia pro futuro, ex nunc ou em data prefixada, correspondendo a 4,5% dos processos julgados no mérito. O trabalho classificou os dados quanto ao prazo modulado, os beneficiários e o objeto das modulações. Dos 37 (trinta e sete) casos identificados com modulação, a pesquisa diagnosticou 13 (treze) com fortes indícios de influência político partidária. Os votos mostraram também outros fatores de interferência: influência interna pelos pares na Corte, questões sociais e econômicas (metódica estruturante do direito), e até a busca ainda que eventual pela coerência decisória com outro precedente (teoria da integridade de Dworkin). Em todos os treze julgados, os pedidos de modulação foram formulados por chefe do Poder Executivo Estadual ou Federal. Em 7 (sete) casos houve retificação de votos para aderir à modulação consensualmente debatida. Em todos os casos, havia discussão de fatores econômico- financeiros que envolviam erário. O estudo comparou os valores encontrados com a doutrina constitucional estrangeira e a experiência jurisprudencial da Áustria, dos Estados Unidos e da Alemanha, que influenciaram direta ou indiretamente o sistema constitucional pátrio. Essa análise descreveu as semelhanças e as diferenças na composição e na funcionabilidade da Corte, bem como as espécies, extensão e efeitos das decisões de inconstitucionalidade. Comprovou-se a hipótese problematizada na pesquisa, quanto à ocorrência de influência político-partidária, o que ocorre também nos tribunais estrangeiros, cuja composição é determinada pelo Parlamento ou pelo Chefe do Executivo, mas sem que essa influência tivesse o caráter exclusivo na determinação da modulação de efeitos da sentença de inconstitucionalidade. Conclui-se que, no Brasil, a escolha de 8 (oito) dos 11 (onze) ministros por um mesmo partido foi determinante para que a Corte sofresse influência político-partidária ao longo dos anos. A possibilidade de modulação da inconstitucionalidade interfere diretamente nas políticas públicas implantadas pelos governos estaduais e federal, o que agrava a pressão política sofrida pelos julgadores. Como a modulação utiliza conceitos indeterminados de segurança jurídica e relevante interesse social, ainda que se tenha constatado tantas influências externas ao sistema positivado, o anseio social exige o cumprimento dos limites mínimos previstos no próprio sistema para o preenchimento dessa "textura aberta da norma", para evitar arbitrariedades.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-11-07T18:30:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_marcos_aurelio_nascimento_netto.pdf: 829138 bytes, checksum: 2a91315c7e2712a86bdda6ed571d493d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-07T18:30:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_marcos_aurelio_nascimento_netto.pdf: 829138 bytes, checksum: 2a91315c7e2712a86bdda6ed571d493d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-01 / Legislative alterations concerning lodgeable appeals cannot affect the vested procedural right of a litigant who already has an impugnable legal proclamation against him. Although the plaintiff have not executed the appropriate [legal] appeal, it can be undertaken in accordance with the rules previously in vigour, since these rules are already incorporated into the plaintiff’s legal right(s). The immediate application of the procedural law does not infringe on consolidated cases in pending suits owing to the irretroactivity principle of laws. Regarding Special Appeals, the law which created a regime to withhold appeals, in addition to the law which altered its procedure (for repetitive appeals), cannot affect the impugnations of previously published legal decisions. / As alterações legislativas concernentes aos recursos interponíveis não podem alcançar o direito processual adquirido do litigante que já tem contra si um pronunciamento judicial impugnável. Ainda que a parte não tenha manejado o recurso cabível, poderá fazê-lo de acordo com as regras anteriormente vigentes, porquanto se incorporaram ao seu patrimônio jurídico. A aplicação imediata da lei processual não alcança as situações consolidadas nos feitos pendentes, mercê do princípio da irretroatividade das leis. Quanto ao recurso especial, a lei que criou o regime de retenção bem assim a que alterou o seu procedimento (para recursos repetitivos) não podem alcançar as impugnações às decisões judiciais já publicadas.

Within the context of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments the recognition and enforcement of foreign custody orders is unique. By reason of the fact that custody orders are always modifiable "in the best interests of the child" they cannot be regarded as final orders and are thus not capable of recognition and enforcement on the same basis as final orders. The failure of courts to afford foreign custody orders recognition and enforcement in the normal course has created the potential for a person deprived of the custody of a child to remove the child from the jurisdiction of a court rendering a custody order to another jurisdiction within which he or she may seek a new, more favourable order. This potential for behaviour in contempt of an existing order has been exploited by numerous parents who feel aggrieved by custody orders. The problem of parental child snatching has escalated to such a degree that the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction was drawn up to introduce uniform measures amongst member states to address this problem. Despite being a meaningful step in the fight against international child abduction the Hague Convention does not fully resolve the problem. For this reason other measures have been suggested to supplement the Convention. The different approaches taken in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States of America to recognition and enforcement of foreign custody orders and the measures to overcome the problem of international child abduction are examined and a comparative methodology applied to the design of a model approach for South Africa. The object of this model is to permit the South African courts to address the international child abduction problem without falling prey to any of the pitfalls experienced elsewhere in the legal systems examined. / Law / LL.D.

Participant d'une nature mixte, contractuelle par sa source, juridictionnelle par son objet, la transaction permet ainsi aux parties de terminer une contestation née ou prévenir une contestation à naître. Elle présente une utilité remarquable pour la matière administrative. La transaction, notion de droit civil empruntée par le juge administratif, a donné lieu à des interprétations prétoriennes diverses. Le droit n'étant pas figé, le juge administratif, sous couvert d'une philosophie propre, a oeuvré pour la préservation de ses intérêts en se détachant progressivement des principes civils du contrat de transaction. L'expression de « transaction administrative » vise le fait que la transaction est conclue par ou au nom d'une personne publique. Celle-ci peut cependant être un contrat de droit privé ou un contrat administratif. Certes, l'expression « matière administrative » peut être entendue au sens large et au sens strict. Le contentieux de la transaction est en plein essor. Depuis longtemps déjà le droit public emprunte les règles civiles du contrat de transaction relevant de régimes juridiques différents. Des difficultés sérieuses subsistent cependant. Aussi, il convenait de démontrer pourquoi et comment le juge administratif a entrepris une clarification de l'état du droit de la transaction en matière administrative. L'étude a été l'occasion de distinguer la fonction d'adaptation et de systématisation du juge administratif, là où cette différenciation n'était que rarement envisagée. / Participant of a mixed nature, by its contractual source, legal in its object, the transaction and allows the parties to end a dispute arising or prevent future litigation. It has a remarkable usefulness for administrative matters. The transaction, civil law concept borrowed by the administrative judge, gave rise to various interpretations praetorian. The law is not static, the administrative judge, under cover of a personal philosophy, worked to preserve its interests gradually detaching civilians principles of contract transaction. The term "administrative transaction" refers to the fact that the transaction is entered into by or on behalf of a public entity. This can however be a private contract or an administrative contract. Admittedly, the term "administration" can be interpreted broadly and narrowly. Litigation of the transaction is booming. Has long been public law borrows the civil rules of contract transaction subject to different legal regimes. Serious difficulties remain. Also, it was necessary to demonstrate why and how the administrative judge undertook a clarification of the law of the transaction in administrative matters. The study was an opportunity to distinguish the function of adaptation and systematization of administrative courts, where this differentiation was rarely considered.

La question litigieuse en matière contractuelle correspond aux sanctions du contrat que les parties, à la suite d'un différend, décident d'introduire dans le procès civil. Le concept se présente comme un trait d'union entre le droit des contrats et la procédure civile : il offre ainsi une vision processualiste des sanctions du contrat, qu'il replace dans le contexte du procès civil, doublée d'une perspective contractualiste de la procédure civile, celle-ci étant chargée de la réalisation des droits substantiels des parties. La question litigieuse s'avère un instrument utile pour préciser la nature des sanctions du contrat que les parties peuvent solliciter ensemble et celles pour lesquelles il est nécessaire d'opérer un choix (en les hiérarchisant éventuellement par le mécanisme du subsidiaire). L'intérêt est également de spécifier le régime de l'évolution de la question litigieuse tout au long de l'instance. L'analyse révèle ainsi dans quelle mesure les parties peuvent la modifier en première instance, en appel, ou encore devant la Cour de cassation. De surcroît, lorsqu'un nouveau procès est entamé par un contractant, il faut s'assurer que la question nouvellement posée n'est pas identique à la précédente. Le concept encadre enfin les pouvoirs du juge appelé à trancher un litige relatif au contrat : il permet de savoir de quelle manière le juge peut ajouter ou substituer une sanction à celle choisie par les parties, et s'il dispose, à cet égard, d'un pouvoir ou d'un devoir d'y procéder. De la sorte, l'étude de la question litigieuse concourt à améliorer le traitement procédural du droit des contrats. / The litigious question in contractual matters corresponds to the contractual sanctions that the parties enter into in a civil trial. It is the link between contract law and a civil proceeding: it offers a procedural vision of the contractual sanctions because they are analyzed in terms of their implementation by the civil trial, it also allows to have a contractualist's perspective about the procedural civil law inasmuch as the comprehension of the litigious question is based on a study of contract sanctions.On the one hand, the litigious question concept is used to specify which are the contractual sanctions that the parties have the right to solicit together and the sanctions between which it is necessary to choose (potentially by using a subsidiary claim). On the other hand, it also allows to define the rules of its evolution on the parties' or the judge's initiative. The study of the litigious question reveals to what extent the parties can change the question in the first instance, in appeal or before the Supreme Court. One of them can call a new trial as well; it should be checked that the new litigious question is not the same as the precedent one. Likewise, the concept frames the authority of the judge before which the sanction is requested. It clarifies especially how to proceed to add or substitute another penalty for that chosen by the parties, and if it is a faculty or an obligation. The study of the litigious question thus contributes to improve the procedural treatment of contractual law.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina de Souza Soro.pdf: 826416 bytes, checksum: 7e44b54e445051e5c4de466d10ff4bab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 / This paper is intended to analyze some of the major aspects of award calculation and performance of generic conviction issued in a class action lawsuit concerning the protection of homogeneous individual rights. For this purpose, we systematically analyzed the Public Civil Action Act and the Consumer Protection Code - chief laws that regulate class actions - and were supported by the most authoritative and recent doctrine on the matter. The study took an approach to the legislative evolution of our collective procedural law , mentioned some proposals disclosed in the Bill of the Brazilian Code of Collective Lawsuits as well as some instruments of collective rights protection. With the aim of better analyzing the proposed matter, some peculiarities of the public or collective civil action were examined, such as legitimacy, jurisdiction, lis alibi pendens and res judicata. Based on such elements and on the general aspects of the award calculation and performance within the framework of individual rights occasion in which some amendments incorporated by the recent procedural reform of Act 11 232/05 were discussed - we took an approach to the central matter so as to analyze the main issues regarding award calculation and performance of generic conviction issued in a class action lawsuit for the protection of homogeneous individual rights. At the end, some aspects of debtors modes of defense were analyzed - stressing on opposition - and also some brief considerations were given to the institute of fluid redress and behavior adjustment commitment / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a análise de alguns dos principais aspectos da liquidação e do cumprimento da sentença genérica proferida em ação coletiva relativa a tutela de direitos individuais homogêneos, sendo que, para tanto, é realizada a análise sistemática da Lei de Ação Civil Pública e do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, principais diplomas legais que regulamentam as ações coletivas, como também buscou-se o amparo da mais abalizada e recente doutrina sobre o assunto. Foi realizada uma breve abordagem acerca da evolução legislativa do nosso direito processual coletivo , inclusive com a menção a algumas das propostas veiculadas no Anteprojeto de Código Brasileiro de Processos Coletivos, e também a alguns dos instrumentos para a proteção dos direitos coletivos. Com vistas a possibilitar a melhor análise do tema efetivamente proposto, examinaram-se algumas das peculiaridades da ação civil pública ou coletiva, tais como a legitimidade, competência jurisdicional, litispendência e coisa julgada. A partir destes elementos, e não sem antes abordar os aspectos gerais da liquidação e do cumprimento de sentença na esfera do direito individual - oportunidade em que, inclusive, foram discutidas algumas das alterações introduzidas pela recente reforma processual operada pela Lei 11.232/05 - é que foi feita a abordagem do tema central, buscando analisar as questões mais problemáticas a respeito da liquidação e do cumprimento da sentença condenatória genérica proferida em ação coletiva relativa a tutela de direitos individuais homogêneos. Ao final, foram analisados alguns aspectos dos modos de defesa do devedor, com ênfase para a impugnação, e também foram feitas breves considerações sobre o instituto da reparação fluida e o compromisso de ajustamento de conduta

Constante alvo de preocupação dos processualistas, os efeitos das decisões judiciais ganham contornos inovadores e polêmicos no domínio da jurisdição constitucional brasileira. O presente estudo, além de fazer breve incursão sobre as premissas conceituais e classificatórias do controle de constitucionalidade, busca subsídios doutrinários sobre a classificação da sentença à luz dos efeitos que produzem, para, após, sistematizar idéias capazes de eliminar a falta de nitidez que paira sobre muitos dos efeitos produzidos na fiscalização judicial de constitucionalidade. A investigação se debruça sobre quais são esses efeitos, como e quando se operam no processo, o campo pelos quais se estendem e a quem alcançam; tal exame é feito de acordo com as características do controle difuso, incidental e concreto, de um lado, e da fiscalização concentrada, principal e abstrata, de outro. Nessa parte da pesquisa, para além de temas como o da retroatividade da decisão e o da modulação de efeitos, despontam, ainda: (i) a assimilação da súmula vinculante e da repercussão geral como institutos que potencializam a eficácia das decisões; (ii) projeção de efeitos erga omnes por meio de recurso extraordinário; (iii) o efeito vinculante visto como fator de aproximação entre os sistemas da common law e da civil law; (iv) as características do denominado processo objetivo; (v) a força obrigatória dos motivos determinantes do decisório; (vi) natureza dúplice e causa petendi aberta das ações de controle abstrato, entre outros. Ao final, considerando-se os possíveis conflitos entre as decisões editadas no controle difuso e no concentrado, analisa-se o impacto de um processo sobre o outro. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a abordagem da ação rescisória e dos instrumentos previstos nos artigos 475-L, §1º, I e 741, parágrafo único do Código de Processo Civil como possíveis caminhos de revisão da sentença que contraria decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal em matéria constitucional. Considerações conclusivas de cunho crítico encerram o trabalho. / Object of constant concern for Procedural Law authors, the effects of judicial decisions gain new and controversial configurations in the scope of the Brazilian constitutional jurisdiction. This paper, besides presenting a brief overview on the conceptual and classificatory premises of the control of constitutionality, seeks support in legal writings on the classification of the sentences regarding the effects they produce, and then systematizes ideas capable of eliminating the lack of clarity in many of the effects produced in the judicial control of constitutionality. This study looks into such effects, how and when they manifest in the proceeding, the scope to which they extend and who they affect. Such examination is based, on the one hand, on the characteristics of diffuse, incidental and concrete control, and on the other hand, on the main and abstract concentrated control. In this part of the research, besides issues like retroactivity of decision and flexibilization of decision effects, other questions emerge, such as: (i) assimilation of binding precedent and of the general repercussion as potentializing agents of the efficacy of the decisions; (ii) projection of erga omnes effects, by means of extraordinary appeal; (iii) binding effect seen as a factor of approximation between common law and civil law systems; (iv) the characteristics of the so-called objective proceeding; (v) the binding force of the motives that determine the decision; (vi) Double nature and open causa petendi of the actions of abstract control, among others. Finally, considering the possible conflicts between the decisions passed in the diffuse control and in the concentrated control, the impact of one proceeding on the other is analyzed. Accordingly, rescissory action and instruments provided for in articles 475-L, paragraph 1, I and 741, sole paragraph, of the Code of Civil Procedure, are highlighted as possible paths towards revision of sentence, which contradicts decision by the STF (Federal Supreme Court) in constitutional matter. The paper is concluded with critical considerations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Izabelle Albuquerque Costa Maia.pdf: 1157747 bytes, checksum: 6d54095d3b5807e97809602616f867ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation s scope has in view to develop a study about the lawsuit referred in the article 485, V, of the Brazilian Procedural Codification (in Portuguese, this codification is named Código de Processo Civil, or CPC), indicated to obstruct a decision that violates the law. The approach chosen drives the dissertation to the study about (i) the general points (lawsuit conditions, procedural requests) and (ii) the specific points (a court decision that doesn t admits revision, term to propose the lawsuit and others legal hypothesis) asked to propose the lawsuit based on the article 485 of the CPC and, more specifically, based on the article 485, V, of the CPC (lawsuit appropriated to rescind a court decision that contains a law violation). According to this planning, deserves approach the lawsuit based on the article 485 as a common lawsuit, with requests legally established in the procedural legislation, and also are studied some general aspects concerning to the procedural admission such as legitimacy, legal competence and the capacity to suspend the execution of the illegal decision. Also deserves attention the exceptional character of the lawsuit based on the article 485, V, of the CPC, considering that its object is to attack a jurisdictional decision that can not be changed by the regular ways (appellation, for instance). The dissertation concludes indicating an amplified interpretation about the article 485, V, of the CPC, approaching all the law violations mentioned in the Brazilian legislation, in order to give priority to the concept of Justice in comparison with the concept of security, specially in situations in which a decision contains a substantial law violation. / Este trabalho visa ao estudo da ação rescisória fundada em violação a literal disposição de lei, hipótese prevista no inciso V do artigo 485 do Código de Processo Civil brasileiro. A abordagem se restringe à admissibilidade da ação. Objetiva-se a apreciação dos pressupostos necessários à admissibilidade da ação rescisória, partindo dos genéricos (condições da ação e pressupostos processuais), exigíveis para todas as ações, passando pelos específicos (sentença de mérito, trânsito em julgado, prazo e enquadramento numa das hipóteses legais), pertinentes a todas as ações rescisórias, e chegando, enfim, aos que delineiam a hipótese de violação a literal disposição de lei , ensejadora da ação rescisória objeto da análise. Para tanto, explica-se o enquadramento da ação rescisória como ação típica, cujos fundamentos se encontram previstos taxativamente na lei processual, e se faz uma incursão pelos aspectos gerais da ação rescisória, como a legitimidade, a competência e o meio para suspender a execução do julgado rescindendo, itens indispensáveis para a compreensão da temática central. Ressalta-se, em diversas passagens, o caráter excepcional da ação rescisória, cuja finalidade é a desconstituição da autoridade da coisa julgada que torna imutável a sentença de mérito. Impõe-se a conclusão de que se deve dar à hipótese do inciso V do artigo 485 do Código de Processo Civil uma interpretação ampliativa, de forma a abranger todas as violações às normas que compõem o ordenamento jurídico, a fim de evitar a prevalência da segurança em detrimento da justiça (proximidade com o direito material), em situação para a qual o sistema prevê um instrumento propício à superação da barreira consubstanciada na coisa julgada e a subseqüente rescisão (anulação) da decisão judicial viciada, contrária ao direito material regulador da espécie.

Le droit international évolue et se traduit par une augmentation des normes, des organisations et des juridictions internationales, faisant craindre une fragmentation du droit international au sein de l’ordre juridique international. L’ordre juridique international s’entend, au sens large, comme le droit international régissant la société internationale. Celui-ci englobe les ordres juridiques internationaux spécialisés, composés des organisations internationales. Chacune d’entre elles comprend une juridiction ou un tribunal arbitral. La problématique de cette thèse est de déterminer, par l’étude du pluralisme juridique international, si ce risque de fragmentation du droit international est avéré ou non. Elle se fonde, pour ce faire, sur une analyse systémique des ordres juridiques internationaux, pour établir si ceux-ci établissent des rapports de droit entre eux, ainsi que sur une analyse normative des ordres juridiques, afin de déterminer si chacun d’entre eux a une cohérence propre. Dans une première partie, il est démontré que le pluralisme juridique international semble désordonné, induisant un risque de fragmentation du droit international, en raison, d’une part, de la multiplication des ordres juridiques internationaux et, d’autre part, de leur carence institutionnelle. Il est démontré ensuite, dans une seconde partie, que le pluralisme juridique international s’ordonne grâce à la mise en cohérence du droit international par les juges internationaux. Ceux-ci coordonnent la jurisprudence internationale grâce à leur jurisdictio (dire le droit) et érigent un véritable pouvoir juridictionnel international à travers leur imperium (rendre une décision obligatoire). / International law evolves at a rapid pace, and results in a strong increase in norms, organizations and international courts, raising increasing fears about a fragmentation of international law within the international legal order itself. The international legal order is defined, in the broadest sense of the term, as international law aimed at governing international society. This includes specialized international legal systems, made up of a number of international organizations ; each one including a court or an arbitral tribunal. The aim of this thesis is to determine, through the study of international legal pluralism, weather this foreseen risk of a possible fragmentation of the international law is, in the end, proven or not. In order to fulfill this aim, our work is based, on the one hand, on a systemic analysis of international legal orders, this in order to determine whether these bodies establish legal relationships between themselves, and on the other hand, on a normative analysis of legal systems, to determine this time whether each one sets up, or not, its proper inner coherence.In the first part, we show that the international legal pluralism seems to be uncoordinated, inducing a risk of fragmentation of international law, this due, in part, to the proliferation of international legal orders and, and in other part, to their lack of institutional ground. In the second part, we aim at proving that the international legal pluralism finds best its balance when international law is put into practice by international judges. They coordinate international jurisprudence through their jurisdictio (apply the law) and set out the boundaries of a true international judicial power through their imperium (to pronounce a binding decision).