Esta tesis propone una solución a la problemática actual del crecimiento poblacional de los adultos mayores a nivel mundial a través de un centro de atención residencial en el distrito de San Martín de Porres. Se analizan los antecedentes de la tipología, así como referentes a tomar en cuenta para tener una investigación teórica y arquitectónica completa que nos den una visión global del proyecto. A su vez, se analizan los usuarios para la elaboración de un programa arquitectónico que cumpla con satisfacer las distintas necesidades. Se consideran los aspectos físicos y psicológicos del adulto mayor para el planteamiento de la arquitectura, eligiendo como énfasis la neuro-arquitectura, la cual evitará el deterioro cognitivo y el aislamiento de los usuarios residentes. Por consiguiente, se analizarán referentes para el énfasis, el cual nos ayudará a obtener las características que debe tener la arquitectura dentro de los distintos espacios. Finalmente, mediante la sinergia del análisis del entorno urbano, como la teoría, el programa elaborado, y el énfasis se busca brindar un espacio residencial que cuente con un área de atención médica básica el cual fomente la participación activa del adulto dentro de un entorno urbano a nivel barrial, mejorando su calidad de vida. / This thesis proposes a solution to the worldwide current problem of the elderly growing population through a residential care center in San Martín de Porres. The antecedents of the typology are analyzed, as well as references to take into to have a complete theoretical and architectural investigation that gives us a global vision of the project. At the same time, the users are analyzed to create an architectural program that meets the different needs. The physical and psychological aspects of the elderly are considered for the approach to architecture, choosing neuro-architecture as emphasis in this project, which will avoid cognitive deterioration and isolation of resident users. Consequently, references will be analyzed for this emphasis, which will help us to obtain the characteristics that architecture should have within the different spaces. Finally, through the synergy of the analysis of the urban environment, the previous theory, the elaborated program, and the emphasis we provide a residential space that has a medical care area which encourages the active participation of the adult in an urban environment. at a neighborhood level, improving their quality of life. / Trabajo de investigación

Background and Purpose: To investigate the effect of an individualized exercise program versus a generic group-based exercise program on balance, gait, and functional performance of older adults categorized as having mild balance dysfunction and living in residential care facilities. Methods: Single blind randomized control design. One hundred-twenty residents fulfilled screening criteria for mild balance dysfunction based on the BioSwayTM balance and the Multi-Directional Reach Test (MDRT) primary outcome measures. Secondary assessment was completed using the Modified Physical Performance Test (PPT), hand-held dynamometer (lower-limb muscle strength testing), and gait speed analysis. Sixty subjects received individualized treatment from physical therapists (8 weeks). Another sixty subjects received generic group-based exercises (8 weeks). All outcome measures were collected at baseline and post-intervention (ninth week); and BioSwayTM and PPT measures at follow-up (thirteenth week) for the individualized group. Results: Individualized group (n=60) showed significant improvement compared to the group-based group (n=60) on the two BioSwayTM scores (limits of stability, p < .001; and postural stability, p = .016), the MDRT scores (forward reach, p < .001; backward reach, p = .007; right lateral reach, p < .001; and left lateral reach p < .001), the strength scores (hip flexors, p = .010; knee extensors, p = .002; hip abductors, p = .009; and ankle dorsiflexors, p = .025), the PPT outcomes (p < .001), and the gait scores (p = .012). Effect sizes ranged from small to large, with the largest sizes for limits of stability and MDRT. There were no significant differences between groups for the mCTSIB (p = .538). However, 96.7% of subjects in the individualized group scored within one SD of the reference mean, relative to 75% in the group-based group. At follow-up, the individualized group showed significant differences over time with medium to large effect sizes on the PPT (p < .001), limits of stability (p < .001), postural stability (p < .001), and mCTSIB (p = .005) measures. Post-hoc analysis revealed retention of gains for all measures at follow-up, except the mCTSIB. Conclusion: The individualized group showed significant improvements in the areas of balance, strength, mobility, and functional outcomes.

Through the small-scale and imaginative application of a Speculative Institutional Ethnographical study, fictionalised stories have been created based upon observations in the field at three different Youth Care Home Facilities in Sweden. The locations and characters in these stories are composite narratives comprised of actual details from multiple real life places and people, amalgamated to form fictionalised narratives so as to protect the anonymity of real life people. The researcher’s primary motivation with the research is to develop a better understanding of the way in which individual differences between staff members working at these facilities impact their decision making in an environment which is supposedly value-neutral. It is argued that a multitude of factors will influence staff members perceptions of youths at these homes and that a degree of bias or partiality is unavoidable. An awareness of this and a development of critical reflexivity is encouraged. Through drawing data from real life observations in the field to create credible, realistic fictionalised stories, the research project is combining academic and creative writing processes in an innovative and progressive way. The goal of the research is not to prove or disprove a specific hypothesis but rather to explore an issue and develop a better understanding of the complexity and nuances of working at a Youth Care Home facility in view of Intersectional Gender Studies.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the self-proclaimed performance of the National Board of Institutional Care, and its specific youth care homes in Sweden (SiS), concerning SiS work with institutionalised children and youth in relation to law of The Care of Young Persons Act (LVU). Special focus is also given to how the SiS self-assessment contrasts with the accounts given by institutionalised youths. We have investigated SiS claims present on their website since it provides ample documentation, information and deeds, and investigated reports by youth in the media, research and news outlets. We have elected to code all collected data and have thus identified key recurring themes present in youth and SiS reports.We have then regarded these findings with respect to our theories that are presented in the results and analysis section along with previous research. In this section we maintain that the description provided by youths at SiS is problematic and often shows a lack of care giving instances or staff that master the tools required to meet the youth in a constructive manner. In the discussion we once again maintain our theories and methodological approach that is based on Discourse analytical grounds that maintain the importance of language and the messages signified through actions.

Den evidensbaserade praktiken har blivit en alltmer påtaglig del av socialarbetares praktik. Betoningen på evidensbasering inom socialt arbete i Sverige har implementerats främst genom statliga myndigheter ner i professionen, vilket har bemötts med en generell skepsis av yrkesfältet. HVB-hem för barn och unga är en del av den sociala barnavården som påverkas av den statliga kunskapsstyrningen. Studiens analys fokuserar på hur behandlingspersonal på HVB-hem för barn och unga upplever att den evidensbaserade praktiken påverkar den professionellas möjlighet att bedriva behandlingsvård. Nio semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med behandlingspersonal som arbetar på HVB-hem för barn och unga och som har haft en två-årig eftergymnasial utbildning. Informanternas utsagor har analyserats utifrån professionsteori och symbolisk interaktionism. Resultatet har påvisat att behandlingsarbetet kan innebära en varierande behandlingskontext och att flertalet förutsättningar påverkar yrkesutövningen. Den evidensbaserade praktiken kan däremellan utgöra ett gemensamt yrkesspråk och förhållningssätt på HVB-hem för barn och unga, som kan tolkas och tillämpas olika. Möjligheten att tillämpa evidens kan ses grunda sig i behandlingspersonalens utbildningsbakgrund och yrkesfärdighet. För att kunna arbeta med evidens implicerar det att den professionella kan läsa, förstå och tillämpa evidens inom behandlingsvården. Å ena sidan kan den evidensbaserade praktiken som idé bedömas vara en självklarhet för behandlingspersonal på HVB-hem för barn och unga. Å andra sidan kan definieringen och tillämpningen av den evidensbaserade praktiken bedömas vara oklar och komplicerad i en kontextbunden praktik, som HVB-hem för barn och unga inte sällan är.

This study explored the utilisation of a music anger management technique as an effective therapeutic aid in addressing the problems that children in residential care have in managing and expressing their anger. A literature review was conducted which provided evidence that music can be a helpful tool in teaching children appropriate ways to manage their anger. An empirical study was conducted and five participants were chosen through a sampling process. Background information of the five participants was obtained and data analyses were presented from the data gathered in the pre- and post-assessments processes before and after the implementation of the music anger management technique. The data that gave rise to several empirical findings were then reduced. From the empirical study, it can be concluded that the music anger management technique can be used effectively to improve inappropriate anger management. Getting firsthand experience of the implementation of the music anger management technique led me to derive psycho-educational guidelines, which can assist the educational psychologist in using the music anger management technique in addressing unmanaged anger in children in residential care. / Further Teacher Education / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counseling)

I denna studie har erfarenheter och framtidsvisioner vad gäller utbildning och arbete i Sverige bland unga kvinnor som kom till Sverige som ensamkommande flickor undersökts. Ambitionen med studien är att öka kunskapen kring gruppen unga kvinnor som kommit till Sverige som ensamkommande flickor. Kvalitativa djupgående intervjuer samt en hermeneutisk forskningsansats, präglad av författarnas förförståelse, har använts i studien. I studieresultatet framkommer att de unga kvinnorna upplever mindre stöd samt en ökad ensamhet efter att de har flyttat från HVB-hemmet till eget boende. Studieresultatet visar även på att de unga kvinnorna upplever segregation i skolan samt har kunskapsluckor kring arbete och utbildning. I studiens slutsats formuleras möjliga förbättringar för att öka unga kvinnors kontaktnät innan de flyttar till eget boende, för att motverka segregation i skolan samt förslag på att införa regelbundna samtal. Förbättringarna syftar till att öka unga kvinnors möjligheter att nå sina mål, nå ökat välmående samt en förbättrad integration. / This study have set out to oppose the experience and outlook on future regarding education and work within the group of young women who came to Sweden as unaccompanied refugee children. The purpose of the study is also to increase knowledge about young women who came to Sweden as unaccompanied refugee children. Qualitative in-depth interviews with a hermeneutic research approach characterized by the author’s preconceptions have been used for the study. The key features of the study is that young women after they have moved out of the residential care home to their own apartments experience feelings of loneliness and lack of support. Experiences of segregation in school and knowledge gaps regarding education and work is also key features in the study. In the conclusion of the study possible improvements are suggested to improve young women’s contact network before moving to their own apartments, counteract segregation in school and suggest an establishment of regular dialogues. The improvements aims as a way to increase young women’s abilities to reach their goals, increase their wellbeing and improve integration.

Ce mémoire dresse un portrait des pratiques concernant le programme d’hébergement avec encadrement intensif en centre jeunesse au moment de l’étude. Depuis l’ajout, lors de la réforme en 2007, de l’article 11.1.1 dans la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse, les motifs pour recourir à l’encadrement intensif pour les jeunes pris en charge pour leur protection sont désormais balisés. Cette réforme résulte de controverses à savoir que cette mesure ne respectait pas les droits des jeunes et brimait leur liberté. L’encadrement intensif était perçu par les juristes comme étant illégal et sans fondement juridique. Afin de connaître les effets de la réforme dans les pratiques des intervenants, des entretiens qualitatifs ont été effectués avec vingt-cinq employés des centres jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire et de Laval. Malgré certaines difficultés d’implantation ainsi que certains signes de résistance au changement, les résultats laissent entendre que cette réforme permet d’accroître le respect des droits des jeunes. Du côté des conditions d’hébergement, les changements majeurs se trouvent dans la lourdeur du profil de la clientèle desservie, et la surpopulation des unités d’encadrement intensif. La mixité de la clientèle sur la réadaptation des jeunes est discutée et analysée en fonction du concept de l'inertie socioculturelle et celui du respect des droits de l’enfant. / This dissertation outlines practices regarding the placement in intensive supervision unit for youth centers since the advent of the reform. This was influenced by polemics and controversies caused by the belief that this measure does not respect the rights of young people by restraining their freedom. The intensive supervision unit was perceived by lawyers as illegal because no legal basis existed. To resolve this debate, the legislature established in the Youth Protection Act, in 2007, the article 11.1.1 that now frames the use of this measure. To know the effects of this reform in the practices of counsellors, qualitative interviews were conducted with twenty-five employees of youth centers in Montreal and Laval. Despite some implementation difficulties and some signs of resistance to change, the results suggest that this reform enhances the rights of young people. About living conditions, major changes are at the heavy profile of the clientele and the overcrowding intensive supervision units. Also, the mix profiles on the rehabilitation of youth is discussed and analyzed in terms of the concept of socio-cultural inertia and in regard of respecting human children rights.

The social environment has been recognised as one of the key aspects in determining the quality of life throughout the human lifespan. Human behaviour, thoughts, feelings and attitudes are socially constructed and can only be understood when viewed from the perspective of social interaction. Older individuals, who live in residential facilities experience a diminished quality of life due to factors such as loss of independence, reduced social networks, functional dependence, and contextual changes. Depression, loneliness and social isolation are an integral part of these individuals’ lives. People develop specific styles of relating, also referred to as interpersonal styles. The systems theory is used to explain the circular processes of the interaction between people. In particular the Self-Interactional Group Theory (SIGT) is proposed as theoretical framework to explore the relational qualities of older people in a residential care facility. SIGT views the interaction between people on three levels, namely the intra-personal level, the interpersonal level and the group level, which operate interdependently in the interaction between people. The interpersonal level of analysis consists of the definition of the relationship, relational qualities, motivation to engage with people to address needs and needs satisfaction as well as the circular processes of which the interaction consists of. The interactions between people always take place in an interpersonal context, embedded in broader environments. A qualitative and exploratory research design was selected to explore the relational qualities in interactions between older individuals living in a residential care facility. This study is based on data collected during a primary research study at a residential care facility for older individuals in 2013. The purpose of study was to explore the quality of life of older individuals residing in a residential care facility in Gauteng, South Africa. The data-gathering process in the primary research study involved the Mmogo-Method, a visual projective data-gathering method, the World Café method and person-centred interviews to gain insight into the participants’ life experiences at the residential care facility. For the purpose of this research, only the person-centred interviews were used for the secondary analysis of the data. Twelve purposely-selected individuals (aged 80 to 95; 3 men and 9 women) from the residential care facility participated voluntarily in the person-centered interviews, which were audio recorded. The collected data were transcribed verbatim and subjected to two different methods of analyses. First, data were analysed thematically by adopting an inductive approach. The themes identified in this first phase were next subjected to a deductive content analysis. The themes were categorised according to the relational variables in accordance with the Interactional Pattern Analysis (IPA), thereby contributing to the trustworthiness of the findings. The findings revealed that the interactions between older individuals take place in a broader environment that advocate the active participation of people. Active participation takes place both in and outside the facility and older people reported that this contributed to their quality of life. The relational qualities that could be described as enhancing interpersonal connectivity and satisfying older people’s needs for confirmation were identified as empathy, unconditional acceptance of others, confirmation and interpersonal flexibility. This research, however, highlighted relational qualities that restrained quality of life of older people, namely confusing self-presentation, ineffective expression on needs and withdrawal due to physical immobility. Needs were expressed in a very unspecific, blaming or manipulative manner, and consequently needs were not satisfied, but provoked, instead, feelings of frustration, pain and guilt. This research highlighted the predicament that older people find themselves in. Their decreased physical abilities and limited emotional repertoire to move towards others and the environment also limit their needs satisfaction. The presenting problem of social isolation can be explained by the combination of limited physical mobility and relational qualities that restrain quality of life for older people. This research study thus holds important implications for relationship-focused approaches in residential facilities for older individuals in order to empower and enable them to enhance their quality of life. Specific recommendations include interventions to assist older people to express their needs more effectively and to use opportunities in interaction to confirm them as autonomous functioning older people. / MA (Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This thesis deals with the risks in residential social services. In particular, it focuses on the attitudes of residential care workers to hazardous situations First, attention is paid to attitudes and dilemmas of social workers, trends in the current definition of mental disability, self-perception of risk in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities, residency services and documentation of risks, the methods used in the work with risk. In the research section are presented and discussed results of a survey in the Czech Republic, which was attended by 40 people from five social service facilities (particularly in the Central Czech Republic). Respondents facility had the opportunity not only to respond to the items, but also to express its attitude on the issue. On the basis of this survey are designed to further methodological procedures for research in this area, and use the work in special education practice. Keywords: intellectual/learning disability, work with risk, residential care, documentation, work with risk attitudes and dilemmas workers