Orientador: Angelina Zanesco / Banca: Fúlvia de Barros Manchado Gobatto / Banca: Camila de Barros / Banca: Fernanda Bruschi Marinho Priviero / Banca: Ivani Aparecida de Souza / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar o efeito do treinamento físico na reatividade vascular de artérias mesentérica e pulmonar de ratos submetidos à isquemia/reperfusão (IR) pulmonar. Ratos wistar foram utilizados nesse estudo, e divididos em cinco grupos: controle sedentário (C/SD); controle treinado (C/TR); falso operado sedentário (SHAM/SD); isquemia/reperfusão sedentário (IR/SD) e isquemia/reperfusão treinado (IR/TR). O treinamento físico consistiu em corrida em esteira, sessões de 60 min/dia, 5 vezes por semana durante 8 semanas (velocidade 1,2 km/h e 0% de inclinação). O processo de IR pulmonar foi realizado através de oclusão total da artéria pulmonar, veia pulmonar e brônquio esquerdo por 90 minutos e reperfusão de 120 minutos. Em seguida, as artérias mesentérica e pulmonar foram isoladas e curvas concentração-resposta à acetilcolina (ACh), histamina (HIST), nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP) foram obtidas na presença e na ausência de endotélio. Curvas concentração-resposta à fenilefrina (PHE) e ao análogo do tromboxano A2 (U46619) também foram obtidas na presença de endotélio. Análise do extravasamento de proteínas plasmáticas, atividade da mieloperoxidase pulmonar (MPO), nitrato e nitrito (NOx-), atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase (SOD), interleucina-6 (IL-6) plasmáticas e expressão de proteína arterial da eNOS, nNOS, Cu/Zn SOD-1, p47phox e TNF- α foram avaliados. Verificou-se aumento nos valores de NOx-, SOD, IL-6 plasmático, atividade da MPO e extravasamento de proteínas nos grupos IR/SD e IR/TR quando comparados aos demais grupos. O treinamento físico não alterou nenhum destes parâmetros. Em artéria mesentérica, houve diminuição na potência à ACh e a PHE no grupo IR/SD quando comparado aos grupos C/TR e IR/TR, sem alterações nos valores de resposta máxima. Não foram verificadas alterações na resposta ao U46619... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of physical training in the responsiveness of rat mesenteric and pulmonary rings submitted to lung ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Rats were divided into five groups named: control sedentary (C/SD); control trained (C/TR); sham operated sedentary (SHAM/SD); ischemia/reperfusion sedentary (IR/SD) and ischemia/reperfusion trained (IR/TR). Run training was performed for 5 days/week, each session of 60 minutes, during 8 weeks (speed of 1.2 km/h and 0% grade). Left pulmonary IR was performed by occluding the pulmonary artery, bronchus and pulmonary vein for 90 minutes and reperfusion for 120 minutes. Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh), histamine (HIST), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) with intact and denuded endothelium were obtained. Contractile response curves were performed for phenylephrine (PHE) and tromboxane A2 analogue (U46619). The pulmonary plasma protein extravasation, lung myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx-), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the protein expression for eNOS, nNOS, Cu/Zn SOD-1, p47phox and TNF-α were evaluated. The levels of NOx-, SOD, IL-6, MPO activity and pulmonary plasma protein extravasation were markedly increased in IR/SD and IR/TR compared to others groups which were not modified by exercise training. In mesenteric rings a decreased of potency to ACh and PHE in IR/SD compared to C/TR and IR/TR without changes in the maximal response were observed. No changes to U46619 were seen in all groups. The nNOS, Cu/Zn SOD-1 and p47phox protein expression were not modified. In pulmonary rings the potency to PHE was decreased in IR/SD and IR/TR without changes in the maximal response. No changes to U46619 were seen in all groups. Neither pulmonary IR nor exercise training changed the protein expression for eNOS, nNOS, Cu/Zn SOD-1 and p47phox... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Objetivos: validar versões em português do Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) e do Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) para avaliação de qualidade de vida em pacientes brasileiros com cardiopatia isquêmica. Métodos: estudo transversal com instrumentos traduzidos e aplicados em dois grupos: em 200 pacientes ambulatoriais com cardiopatia isquêmica estável em dois momentos, com intervalo de 14 dias; e em 50 pacientes antes e 30 dias após a angioplastia. Classe funcional foi avaliada pelo Specific Activity Scale. Testes de correlação intraclasse, Cronbach α e Wilcoxon foram utilizados. Resultados: os participantes dos dois grupos apresentaram características clínicodemográficas semelhantes, sendo a taxa de resposta de 78% e 76% no reteste. Reprodutibilidade dos instrumentos (coeficiente α de Cronbach) variou de 0,70 a 0,90 e 0,62 a 0,79 para os domínios do SF-36 e do SAQ, respectivamente. Estabilidade dos instrumentos em 14 dias (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse) foi >0,68 e >0,49 para os domínios do SF-36 e SAQ. No quesito responsividade, o SF-36 demonstrou melhora nos domínios capacidade funcional (10,5), dor (16,5), vitalidade (13,5), aspecto social (10,1) e saúde mental (9,8); e no SAQ, nos domínios estabilidade (41,1) e freqüência (27,3) da angina e percepção da doença (12,0). Os domínios do SF-36 e do SAQ, exceto um, foram consistentemente relacionados à classe funcional. Conclusão: as versões traduzidas dos instrumentos mostraram desempenho adequado sem diferenças entre si, sugerindo serem reprodutíveis, responsivas e válidas para a avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes com cardiopatia isquêmica no Brasil. / Objectives: To validate Portuguese-language versions of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), for the evaluation of quality of life in Brazilian patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: Cross-sectional study using instruments translated and applied to two groups: 200 outpatients with stable ischemic cardiomyopathy at two points in time- 14-day interval; and 50 patients pre and 30 days post angioplasty. Functional class was evaluated by the Specific Activity Scale. Intra-class correlation, Cronbach’s alpha and Wilcoxon tests were used. Results: The participants in both groups presented similar clinical-demographic characteristics, and the rate of response in the retest was 78% and 76%. Reproducibility of the instruments (Cronbach alpha coefficient) varied from 0.70 to 0.90 and 0.62 to 0.79 for the SF-36 and SAQ domains, respectively. Stability of instruments in 14 days (intraclass correlation coefficient) was ≥0.68 and ≥0.49 for the SF-36 and SAQ domains. For the responsiveness item, SF-36 showed improvement in the domains physical functioning (10.5), bodily pain (16.5), vitality (13.5), social functioning (10.1) and mental health (9.8); and in SAQ in those concerning stability (41.1) and frequency (27.3) of angina and disease perception (12.0). The SF-36 and SAQ domains except one were consistently related to functional class. Conclusion: The translated versions of the instruments showed an adequate performance without differences amongst them, suggesting that they are reproducible, responsive and valid to evaluate quality of life in ischemic heart disease patients in Brazil.

A representação política tem sido objeto de críticas hodiernamente em razão, principalmente, da incapacidade de os representantes observarem as preferências dos eleitores. Tal fato conduziu, em um primeiro momento, ao crescimento da crítica participatória, com a pretensão de substituição do regime representativo pela democracia direta, mas se constatou que a representação possui qualidades intrínsecas que a tornam uma forma de arranjo político adaptado a dar vozes às múltiplas minorias sociais. Por este motivo, representação e participação passam a ser vistos como fenômenos políticos complementares e não antitéticos. Mesmo assim, é preciso compreender a representação política de uma forma em que as eleições, antes de constituírem uma mera forma de aquisição de autoridade, engendrem um complexo mecanismo de aquisição de obrigações e responsabilidade. Para tanto, o presente estudo insere a questão relativa ao controle e prestação de contas accountability em um panorama de pluralidade de dimensões qualitativas da democracia, para culminar com a demonstração de que a democracia é um governo limitado e, portanto, os representantes eleitos estão sujeitos à várias formas de accountability popular, institucional e social. / Political representation has been the subject of criticism in our times due mainly to the inability of representatives to observe the preferences of voters. This fact leds, at first, the growth of participatory critical, with the intention of replacing the representative government by direct democracy, but it was found that the representation has intrinsic qualities that make it a form of political arrangement adapted to give voice to the multiple social minorities. For this reason, representation and participation are seen as complementary rather than antithetical political phenomena. Still, one must understand the political representation in a way that elections before constitute a mere way of acquiring authority, engender a complex mechanism of purchase obligations and responsibility. Thus, the present study starts with the question of the control and accountability in a panorama of multiple qualitative dimensions of democracy, to culminate in the demonstration that democracy is a limited government and therefore the elected representatives are subject to various forms of accountability - popular, institutional and social.

Magister Educationis - MEd / A qualitative research study, supplemented by a policy and contextual analysis was conducted to evaluate the skills development planning process for Human Resources managers at the NMMU. The findings of the study indicate a need for the NMMU to implement effective skills development planning practices to ensure relevant skills are developed in the Human Resources department. The findings further highlighted the need for a Human Resources strategy and model to guide the skills planning process.

Over forty years ago, Hanna Pitkin expressed concern that social scientists were failing to give concepts the attention which they needed (Pitkin 1972, 277). This thesis takes up the same theme, asking how the concept of responsiveness is treated by political scientists. The goal to reveal confusion that surrounds widely used concepts such as responsiveness. The analysis offered in this thesis has significance for the discipline of political science in three ways. First, it highlights confusion surrounding the concept of responsiveness itself. Responsiveness is a widely utilized concept employed throughout the social sciences; however, as this thesis shows, there is wide disagreement in how the concept is understood. This confusion is fueled by the frequent failure of scholars to critically analyze the concept and the assumptions which have been attached to the understanding of responsiveness. Second, by analyzing the related concepts of representation and democracy, this thesis suggests that there is a lack of attention to concepts which are employed for research that extends beyond responsiveness. Many other concepts that are foundational to our discipline warrant increased scrutiny. Third and finally, the thesis highlights the danger of ignoring the ideological commitments of political scientists, commitments that can shape in hidden but consequential ways how we study the world around us.

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With the development of technology, the speed of social media development is getting fasterand faster. The relationship between the company and its customers is getting closer.Company profits are increasingly affected by the quality of the relationship betweencustomers and the company. Therefore, relationship quality has become a key research topicfor the company. The interaction of social media will affect the quality of the relationshipbetween the company and its customers to a certain extent. This study examines therelationship between the quality of the relationship between the company and its customersand their interactions on social media. In addition, this research also examines commitment,trust, satisfaction, responsiveness, social influence, and media richness. These factors mainlyaffect the relationship between relationship quality and social media interaction. This studydescribes how to analyze the impact of social media interactions on relationship quality froma customer's perspective. In order to answer the research questions and obtain customers'opinions, this paper uses quantitative research to interview customers of different types ofbrand social media through questionnaires. From what customers feel about the company’scommitment to customers, trust, and customer satisfaction through social media interactions,the impact of social media interactions on the quality of the relationship between thecompany and customers can be derived. In order to promote the development of the company

<div>Scholars in the field of gifted education have identified that summer enrichment programs can have academic and socioemotional benefits for adolescents with gifts and talents. Although some studies have pointed to the intercultural benefits of such programs, few have focused directly on the intercultural benefits multicultural enrichment programs can provide.</div><div>This mixed-methods study had three purposes: (1) to identify and adapt an instrument capable of measuring cultural responsiveness in adolescents with gifts and talents, (2) to examine if adolescents with gifts and talents change in cultural responsiveness over the course of a multicultural, residential summer enrichment program, and (3) to explore effective pedagogical strategies for teaching multicultural groups of adolescents with gifts and talents.</div><div>The Miville-Guzman Universality Scale-Short (Fuertes et al., 2000) was selected as the instrument of focus. The instrument was piloted, and the data analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Cognitive interviews with participants were also used to revise the items. A combination of canonical function analysis and qualitative responses were used to analyze participants’ (n=308) growth in cultural responsiveness over the course of the summer enrichment program. Finally, interviews with teachers and open-response answers from students were used to find the most effective pedagogical strategies for educating multicultural students.</div><div>Findings include a revised M-GUDS-S instrument for adolescents with gifts and talents (AM-GUDS-S), evidence that multicultural enrichment programs can have a positive effect on student intercultural relations with profiles for how those relations develop over a two-week period, and a series of pedagogical strategies that can be used by educators to facilitate learning for groups of domestically, internationally, and linguistically diverse students.</div>

This dissertation explores the emerging musical relationship between myself as a music therapy intern and a geriatric client diagnosed with schizophrenia residing in a psychiatric institution at which I worked during the first six months of my clinical training. Two specific areas of focus are addressed, namely the characteristics of the developing musical relationship and the strategies employed by the music therapy intern to enable its optimal development. Three excerpts, either audio or video recordings, were selected from the clinical material for analysis. The excerpts (numbered Excerpt A, B and C) were selected based on their demonstration of the emerging musical relationship between the client and myself. Corresponding written session notes also formed part of the clinical material that had to be analysed. The clinical material was coded and categorised, resulting in emerging themes being identified for interpretation in relation to the specific areas of focus of the clinical enquiry. The findings reveal that the musical relationship developed from isolation and a high degree of non-responsiveness between the client and myself in Excerpt A towards moments of musical intersubjective relating in Excerpt C. Strategies employed by me include, inter alia, providing stability, predictability, simplicity and consistency in my musical input and progressing towards incorporating improvisations within a familiar musical structure, thus an increased flexible approach. These findings are important in light of the limited literature available regarding music therapy work conducted by interns, especially during the early stages of their clinical work. / Dissertation (MMus (Music Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Music / MMus (Music Therapy) / Unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to explore how social institutions in South Africa and Zimbabwe respond to the mainstreaming of pregnant learners in formal education. A case study was used as the strategy of inquiry. Utilising a phenomenological, social constructivist and interpretivist lens and guided by a theoretical framework of action science theory, this exploratory qualitative study set out to investigate and compare how various stakeholders in South Africa and Zimbabwe respond to the policy of mainstreaming pregnant learners in schools. Data collection methods took the form of focus group and key participant semi-structured interviews, document analysis and a researcher observation and reflective journal. Two research sites comprised the case study. The sample at each of the identified sites consisted of 12 pregnant and former pregnant learners; 12 mainstream learners; 6 parents/legal guardians; 6 teachers; 6 community representatives on the school governing body. Data analysis consisted of a mix of hermeneutic, content and discourse analysis. Three findings emanated from this study. First, the socio-cultural beliefs, norms, practices and expectations of the community about pregnancy and ideal motherhood were more influential governing variables to educational access and participation of pregnant teenagers than the official school policy. Second, educators at both sites were found to have inadequate capacity to assist pregnant learners with schooling. Third, the South African school was found to provide more access to pregnant learners because of the more liberal and open response to teenage pregnancy. In contrast the conservative tendency to conceal the problem was observed at the Zimbabwean site. This study revealed that institutional policies that do not take into consideration the social, cultural and lived experiences of the relevant stakeholders are difficult to implement. The proposition is that there is usually a split between policy and practice, and that policy can be nothing more than political symbolism. An all-inclusive and consultative approach to policy formulation processes is recommended as an intervention strategy that could be used to counteract the problem. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted