Esta pesquisa analisa o processo de reestruturação do setor siderúrgico mundial e brasileiro após os anos da década de 1990, o mesmo está representado pela internacionalização das empresas do setor, com a formação de grupos multinacionais, via fusões e aquisições, sendo impulsionado pelo processo intenso de privatizações, além da nova divisão internacional do trabalho com o crescimento da produção de aço dos países subdesenvolvidos, principalmente os asiáticos. Nesse sentido, buscamos analisar o comportamento da siderurgia nacional e, especialmente o da Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) nessa nova conjuntura mundial, assim como, as suas conseqüências para a sócio-espacial brasileira. Podendo-se observar dois cenários possíveis: A desnacionalização dos ativos internos do setor siderúrgico nacional ou a inserção ativa do país nesse processo mundial de reestruturação. / This research analyzes the process of restructuring of the Worldwide and Brazilian Worldwide and Brazilian industry sector after 90\'s, the same has been represented by the internationalization of companies in the sector, with the formation of multinational groups, via mergers and acquisitions, which have been pushed by the intense process of privatization, in addition to the new international division of labor with the growth of steel production of the developing countries, especially the Asians. Thus, we seek to analyze the behavior of the domestic ironworks industry and especially the National Ironworks Company\'s one (CSN) in this new worldwide conjecture, as well as their consequences to the Brazilian social space. It could be observed two possible scenarios: The denationalization of the domestic assets of the national ironworks sector or the active insertion of the country in this global restructuring process.

A organização do mercado de trabalho experimentou alterações significativas nas últimas décadas. Tais mudanças aumentaram significativamente as relações de trabalho não sujeitas à subordinação direta inerente à relação de emprego, porém também não consistentes com a autonomia existente nos contratos de prestação de serviço regulados pelo Direito Privado. Esse cenário promove novo estado de crise no Direito do Trabalho, pois seus instrumentos não correspondem com os anseios sociais referentes a tais formas de contratação. Nesse cenário, a sucessão de empregadores é analisada, a fim de identificar seus elementos e verificar sua aplicabilidade às empresas em crise. Esta análise torna-se necessária em virtude das modificações no Direito Concursal brasileiro promovidas pela Lei n. 11.101/2005. A referida lei implantou reformas significativas, alterando o objetivo nuclear e oferecendo novos instrumentos para assistir empresas em crise. Dentre tais instrumentos, novo procedimento de falência e a recuperação judicial afetam diretamente os direitos e prioridades dos credores trabalhistas. Considerando tais alterações, a aplicabilidade da legislação trabalhista relacionada à sucessão de empregadores na venda de unidades produtivas do devedor no contexto da recuperação judicial e da falência, conforme artigos 60 e 141, da Lei n. 11.101/2005, é o objeto central do presente estudo. A referida análise parte do conceito de sucessão de empregadores e seus elementos essenciais no Direito do Trabalho especialmente a despersonalização do empregador como instrumento de promoção da continuidade dos contratos de trabalho e das garantias dos empregados. Adicionalmente, buscou-se amparo nos antecedentes históricos do Direito Concursal e a sua atual regulamentação no âmbito da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, União Européia, Estados Unidos, França, Espanha, Portugal, Bélgica e Argentina, bem como relevantes decisões da Corte Européia e das cortes norte-americanas. Com base nesses elementos, os antecedentes históricos e a legislação concursal brasileira atual são interpretados, considerando a opção legislativa de abandonar a dicotomia entre a moratória e a liquidação de ativos, a fim de oferecer uma gama de instrumentos ao devedor com o objetivo de preservar negócios economicamente viáveis. Considerando tal substrato, os artigos 60 e 141, da Lei n. 11.101/2005, são interpretados conjuntamente com os artigos 10 e 448, da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, e com os princípios constitucionais relacionados. / The organization of the labor market underwent substantial changes in the last decades. These changes dramatically increased work relationships not subjected to direct subordination inherent to the employment contract, but also not consistent with the autonomy existing in the service rendering agreements which are regulated by the Civil Law. This scenario prompts a state of crisis in the Labor Law, since its instruments do not correspond to the societys expectations related to these forms of relations. In this scenario, the succession of employers is analyzed, in order to identify its elements and to verify its applicability to enterprises in economical distress. Such analysis is necessary due to the modifications of the Brazilian Bankruptcy Law instituted by the Law no. 11.101/2005. This law implemented significant reforms, changing the Brazilian Bankruptcy legislation core objective and providing new instruments to assist enterprises in economical distress. Among such instruments, the judicial recovery and the new bankruptcy proceedings directly affected the labor creditors rights and priorities. Considering such changes, the applicability of the Brazilian Labor Law regarding the succession of employers in the sale of business units of debtor in the context of the judicial restructuring and bankruptcy, under Articles 60 and 141 of Law no. 11.101/2005, is the central objective of this study. This analysis considers the concept of succession of employers and its essential elements in the Labor Law, especially the depersonalization of the employer as an instrument to promote observance of the employment contract and the employees guaranties. Additionally, the historical background of Bankruptcy Law and its current regulations under the International Labor Organization, European Union, United States, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium and Argentina, as well as the relevant case law of the European Court and U.S. Courts are considered. Based upon these elements, the Brazilian historical and current Bankruptcy legislation are interpreted, considering the legislative option to abandon the dichotomy between the moratorium and liquidation of assets, in order to provide the debtor with a significant range of instruments to preserve economically viable enterprises. Considering such substrate, Articles 60 and 141 of Law no. 11.101/2005 are interpreted together with Articles 10 and 448 of the Consolidation of Labor Laws and the related constitutional standards.

Esta dissertação versa sobre o mundo do trabalho contemporâneo e suas implicações sociais e econômicas na esfera de gênero. Aqui abordamos a situação das mulheres bolivianas no setor de confecção na cidade de São Paulo, no período de 1980 a 2010. Procuramos, através desta pesquisa, elucidar os modos de inserção e permanência deste grupo na referida cidade, observando os papéis que desempenha na economia informal, através do seu trabalho no setor de confecção; buscamos, também, ampliar a compreensão acerca do mundo do trabalho contemporâneo, reestruturação produtiva e a questão de gênero. Para tanto, utilizamos como principais fontes as fichas de coletas de dados da Pastoral do Migrante no processo de Anistia de 2009, dados do setor de têxteis e confecção, além de entrevistas. / Sought through this research to elucidate the modes of insertion and retention of this group in that city, noting the roles it plays in the informal economy, through their work in the sector of manufacturing; seek also to broaden the understanding about the world of contemporary work , production restructuring and gender. Therefore, we use the chips as the main sources of data collection for the Pastoral Care of Migrants in the process of Amnesty of 2009, data from the textiles and clothing, as well as interviews.

[pt] A globalização dos mercados, em meados da década de 90, levou muitas empresas a uma ampla e profunda reestruturação organizacional e produtiva, que deu origem à adoção de estratégias de focalização e descentralização produtiva, que pôde, em muitos casos, ser traduzida em vantagens competitivas para essas empresas. Na tentativa de se tornarem novamente adequadas, frente às novas tendências emergentes, as empresas passaram por um fenômeno chamado de Reestruturação Industrial, e que se caracteriza como o tema central deste estudo. Na contextualização, observa-se de forma distinta a existência de dois grandes marcos no estudo da trajetória das organizações, a verticalização, da era Fordista, e posteriormente a desverticalização com o conseqüente surgimento das novas tendências, tais como o outsourcing, as redes de cooperação, as joint-ventures, as privatizações, e outras mais que se encontram separadas em três grandes eixos de estudo e abordados mais detalhadamente ao longo do trabalho. Pelo fato do tema ser bastante atual e possuir uma diversidade de interpretações e ainda por estar sendo utilizado pelas empresas de forma caótica e até mesmo equivocada, é que o objetivo mais geral desse trabalho se concentra em mapear esse fenômeno chamado Reestruturação Industrial, no tocante às suas dimensões e amplitudes. Contudo, o foco central do trabalho destina-se a verificação da relação entre o conceito de Reestruturação Industrial da literatura e o encontrado nas empresas, por meio de um estudo empírico que visa responder alguns questionamentos nos quais o trabalho está orientado. O estudo empírico realizado sob a forma de entrevistas, foi um instrumento fundamental na busca pelo entendimento dos conceitos da literatura e na compreensão da história de cada empresa visitada, no que se refere ao surgimento e à adoção das novas tendências abordadas neste estudo e identificadas na prática. / [en] The market globalization that took place throughout the nineties led many companies to carry out an extensive review of their productive and organizational structure which cause the adoption of strategies such as focalization and productive decentralization that, in many cases, could be associated with competitive advantages for such companies. Trying to become adjusted to a new market and deal with the new emergent trends, the corporations crossed over a phenomenon called Industrial Restructuring which is the central theme of this dissertation. Concerning the study of the organizations trajectory, it can be observed two major marks; the verticalization during the Fordism Era, and afterwards the appearing of new trends such as outsourcing, cooperation networks, joint-ventures, privatizations and others. In this work, the new trends were grouped in three main axis of analysis and are discussed in detail. Due to the fact that the subject is pretty new, has a lot of interpretations and is still being used by the companies in a chaotic and, some times, incorrect way, the most general objective for this work is concentrated in mapping the Industrial Restructuring phenomenon taking into account its dimensions and amplitudes. However, the central focus of this study is related to check the relations between the concepts as found in the literature and the Industrial Restructuring phenomenon as utilized by the organizations. To support this objective an empiric analysis was carried out in four large companies. The empiric analysis which was based on a series of interviews was a fundamental tool to the understanding of the literature concepts as well as for the knowledge of each company considering the arising and adoption of new trends discussed in this study and identified in practice.

Traditional theories of industrial restructuring assign the most explanatory weight of the structural change phenomenon to increasing pressures via globalization and falling trade barriers. This thesis offers a new model of thinking about industrial restructuring that includes multiple stressors. The thesis focuses on three main drivers of structural change: market pressures, environmental regulation and changes in land use and land pricing, using two case studies of leather and footwear industrial clusters in Mexico, located in the cities of León and Guadalajara. Evidence of multiple drivers of structural change is found in the dissertation. Furthermore, responses to restructuring drivers in León and Guadalajara are found to be substantially different. Firms in the leather and footwear cluster in León have implemented countervailing strategies such as price competition, government lobbying, and more recently, investment in socio-economic research (competitiveness) projects. However, firms in the leather and footwear cluster in Guadalajara focused on a specific, high-end target market. At the larger, urban scale, footwear and its allied industries in the city of León resisted change and have tried to remain in operation while the city of Guadalajara has focused on a diversification strategy, attracting new (arguably more technically advanced) industries. This thesis offers empirical and theoretical advances. Empirically, it applies a firm demographics approach to the study of industrial clusters under multiple stressors. This approach has not been previously used on Mexican data. Theoretically, it demonstrates that future analyses of industrial complexes’ structural change can be strengthened through the use of an integrated assessment framework investigating the effect of multiple stressors (market forces, land pricing, technical change, environmental regulations, and consumer preferences) on industrial restructuring. / Science, Faculty of / Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for / Graduate

This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia among inpatients who met the diagnostic criteria for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The cognitive behavioral treatment consisted of progressive relaxation, stimulus control, and thought stopping with cognitive restructuring.

[pt] Esta pesquisa versa sobre as recentes mudanças no mundo do trabalho e a inserção do assistente social no mercado de trabalho em Manaus/AM. Em particular, centra-se na inserção dos assistentes sociais egressos do Centro Universitário do Norte – Uninorte Laureate, em um mercado de trabalho impactado por mudanças advindas do processo de acumulação do capital e sua reestruturação produtiva, cujas consequências atingem as diversas categorias de trabalhadores. No Brasil, especificamente em Manaus/AM, o mercado de trabalho não ficou imune a tais consequências e os diversos trabalhadores, entre eles os assistentes sociais, sofrem com a precarização do trabalho. Assim, este estudo sugere uma reflexão sobre as mudanças no mundo do trabalho e seus impactos para o mercado de trabalho, particularmente para o mercado de trabalho do assistente social, em um contexto de ampliação do número de Instituições de Ensino Superior que propiciam a formação destes profissionais de forma crescente e em um momento de restrição de espaço e oportunidade de inserção profissional. Para viabilizar tal análise, foi realizado um estudo com os egressos do curso de Serviço Social do ano de 2008, do Uninorte – Laureate, que oferece desde 1998 o curso de Serviço Social. Gradativamente a demanda pelo curso foi crescendo e tornou-se, hoje, uma Instituição de Ensino Superior de referência na cidade de Manaus, lançando no mercado de trabalho um grande quantitativo de assistentes sociais. O estudo abordou essas questões, bem como buscou discutir, com base nos resultados obtidos na pesquisa de campo, alguns pontos como a percepção dos egressos no contexto da precariedade do mercado de trabalho e a contribuição do processo de formação para inserção do profissional no mercado de trabalho local. / [en] This research is about the recent transformations in the world of the work and the insertion of the social worker in the job market of Manaus (State of Amazonas, Brazil). In particular, it studies the insertion of the social workers that were graduated at the Centro Universitário do Norte (Uninorte Laureate) in a job market changed by the process of accumulation of capital and productive restructuring. In Brazil, especially in the city of Manaus, the recent transformations in the job market affected different kinds of workers, including the social worker that also suffers with the precarization of working conditions. In this sense, this study points out a reflection about the changes in the world of the work and its impacts to the job market of the social worker in a context were there is a growing number of universities that provide higher education in social service and on the other hand there is a restriction of public spaces and of insertion possibilities in the job market. To such end, data were gathered with the social workers that were graduated at Uninorte Laureate on 2008. The Uninorte Laureate offers higher education in social service since 2008 and today is recognized as one of the most important universities in the city of Manaus. Utilizing the results of the field research this study also aimed to promote a discussion about the perceptions of these social workers about their professional formation process and their insertion in the local job market.

In its first decade of democracy the South African government embarked on radical reforms to the apartheid education system. One such set of reforms concerned the restructuring of the further education and training (FET) college sector. The implementation plan for the restructuring of the FET college sector, entitled Reform of South Africa’s Technical Colleges (Department of Education, 2001), was released in September 2001. The reorganisation of the FET college sector brought with it the prospect of meeting the objectives of the country’s Human Resource Development Strategy (Department of Education, 2001). Colleges would be transformed so that they offered learners the “high-quality, lifelong learning opportunities that are essential to social development and economic competitiveness in a rapidly changing world” (Department of Education, 2001:5). The study has its origins in a deceptively simple research question: What are the organisational and cultural influences and constraints on policy implementation? Much has been written about why policies fail to be implemented as planned (McLaughlin 1987; Guiacquinta, 1994). Based on the extensive data generated in this research I found explanatory power in a conceptual framework that uses the dual lenses of restructuring, focusing on “changing the use of time, space, roles and relationships to improve learning” (Fink&Stoll, 1998:308); and reculturing, which focuses on “the process of developing new values, beliefs and norms” (Fullan, 1996:420). The new government policy for FET colleges proposed a dramatic re-organisation of the sector through mergers in order to position these institutions so as to meet the socio-economic and human resource needs of a transforming society in line with global trends. Yet, an analysis of the sector revealed system-level problems relating to the structure and culture of the FET colleges that would undermine the implementation of the new policy. The comparative case study method was used to conduct this research on three technical colleges – two state-aided and one state college – as the “cases” under investigation. Data was collected over a one-year period using a wide variety of data collection methods including in-depth interviews (both individual and focus group sessions), document analysis, the review of minutes of meetings and other communiqués, selected photographs and structured questionnaires. The first major finding of this study is that the restructuring of the FET colleges through mergers was constrained by structural or the organisational inefficiencies in the system, that is, the lack or absence of the structures required for effective implementation of policy. The second major finding of this study is that the restructuring process underestimated the depth and resilience of the FET college culture, and that this institutional culture militated against effective implementation. In other words, there was no strategy for reculturing these institutions. This research further demonstrates the consequences of attempted restructuring without reculturing and the implications of not taking into account implementation matters involving institutional culture, values, behaviour and working styles. Successful change has more to do with the professional values, beliefs and assumptions held by implementers than with the voluntary adoption of the reform, irrespective of whether it is mandated at the national or provincial levels. Implementers choose practices and changes that fit best with their pre-existing beliefs and which are consistent with the organisation’s culture. Furthermore, the insights gained from this study that structure and culture are inextricably linked have both practical and theoretical significance. The study not only offers insight into the reorganisation of the FET colleges in South Africa, but also serves to extend our understanding of the importance of culture and structure as two neglected dimensions of systemic reform. In this study I highlighted several issues that could serve as a springboard for future research into this neglected sector (FET colleges) of the education and training system: · longitudinal rather than snapshot studies of institutional cultures and their unfolding effects on college restructuring; · empirical and conceptual accounts of college cultures that examine the impact of micro-political activity on the change trajectory; and · studies on how college systems change or restructure as opposed to individual colleges. In sum this research found that there were several structural (capacity, resource, leadership, support, communication, planning and advocacy) and cultural (beliefs, values, assumptions, understanding and practices) factors that constrained policy implementation. The study further argues that restructuring without reculturing encourages symbolic rather than substantive change. The thesis concludes that the restructuring (mergers) resulted in a fragmented, rather than a coordinated, FET system. / Thesis (PhD (Education Management and Policy Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

This is a case study of the restructuring of the Jewish community schools in Johannesburg, South Africa. The purpose of this research is to explain why, how and with what impact, economic and ideological forces shaped the restructuring of the Jewish community schools. This is explored by drawing out the views of the different stakeholders as well as the meanings that they attached to the change and by recalling their experiences and understandings vis-à-vis the restructuring process. This study investigates what was considered to be the “first stage” of restructuring – a stage that aimed at ejecting the past, establishing new management and designing a blueprint for the future. The study follows the process as it evolved from April 2001 when a CEO was contracted to manage the schools until March 2003 with the 27th National Conference of the South African Board of Jewish Education, at which the changes were endorsed and constitutionalised. The study suggests that the restructuring evolved through the interaction and convergence of two globalised forces: one force pulled the schools towards marketisation and managerialism; and the other force pushed the schools towards the intensification of their religious identity. The study explores the impact of these two sets of dynamics as they came together in the context of a faith-based community school, and the contradictory forces that were set in motion. The main argument is that the synergy created between new managerialism and religious extremism, in a transitional and unstable context, undermined the fragile democracy of the faith-based community schools and caused them to change, thus shifting them towards ghettoisation, exclusion and autocracy. The study identifies and explains the global, national, local and institutional conditions and realities that enabled and constrained this process. This qualitative case study relies on insider accounts of the process of change and contestation, and raises important methodological and ethical questions around the difficulties of researching one’s own community and colleagues. / Thesis (PhD (Education Management and Policy Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

The South African higher education sector is currently facing many challenges. Factors such as a decrease in government funding, mergers and student unrest compel higher education institutions to apply effective strategies for funding and recruitment of quality students. Higher education institutions are forced to focus on restructuring and repositioning themselves, build a strong brand, communicate their image and to sustain their position in order to ensure a competitive advantage. In order to be locally relevant and globally competitive, higher education institutions need to become more marketing-oriented. In a restricted financial environment, higher education institutions will have to assess and reassess marketing strategies aimed at attracting quality first year students. A proper assessment of the importance of the choice factors students consider when selecting a higher education institution as well as the usefulness of the information sources they consider, will enable institutions to allocate funds, time and resources more efficiently and effectively. A quantitative study with a self-administrated questionnaire was used to allow students to complete the questionnaire during class lectures. Non-probability convenience sampling was used and a sample of 1241 students responded from six higher education institutions: the University of Pretoria, Tshwane University of Technology, University of Johannesburg, University of the Free State, University of Kwa–Zulu Natal and the North-West University. The sample consisted of 64 percent females and 36 percent male students. The ethnic orientation distribution was as follows: 46 percent Caucasian, 41 percent Black African, 9 percent Indian, 3 percent Coloured and 1 percent students of other ethnic groups. The main goal of this study was to investigate the relevant importance of the choice factors, as well as the usefulness of the information sources, that first year Economic and Management Sciences students at selected higher education institutions in South Africa considered when they decided to enrol at a specific higher education institution. The findings indicated that some choice factors were more important to students than others, as well as the fact that students from different gender groups, ethnic groups, language groups and institutions differed in the importance they attached to the choice factors. The top ten choice factors respondents regarded as important in the selection of a higher education institution are: quality of teaching, employment prospects (possible job opportunities), campus safety and security, academic facilities (libraries and laboratories), international links (study and job opportunities), language policy, image of higher education institution, flexible study mode (evening classes and use of computers), academic reputation (prestige), and a wide choice of subjects/courses. The findings also revealed that information sources directly from a higher education institution, such as open days and campus visits, university publications and websites are the most useful to students, while information from mass media such as radio, television, magazines and newspaper advertisements are not as useful. The findings give marketing educators an indication of the importance of choice factors considered by prospective students in selecting a higher education institution, and enable higher education institutions to use their limited funds more efficiently to attract quality students, create a unique position and gain a competitive advantage. Based on the usefulness of information sources and the importance of choice factors considered, student focused marketing communication can be developed. This should aid students to make more informed decisions about the higher education institution they wish to attend. The study also add to existing theory in the fields of services marketing, higher education marketing and consumer behaviour, especially the field of outlet selection, as the institution can be viewed as the outlet for buying education. Information obtained from this study also contributes to the available research and literature on this topic and could be used by other researchers as a basis for future research. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Marketing Management / PhD / Unrestricted