Människors minnen är felbara och således är det inte alltid som ögonvittnens minnen stämmer överens med vad som faktiskt har hänt. Ett sätt att skilja mellan korrekta och felaktiga minnen är att be ögonvittnet skatta sin konfidens för minnenas korrekthet. Studien undersöker sambandet mellan retrospektiv respektive prospektiv konfidens och korrekthet. Ett experiment utfördes med 22 deltagare som först visades en film av ett brott och sedan intervjuades. Vid 3 tillfällen fick deltagarna skatta sin konfidens för sina minnen av brottet. Resultatet visade både högre retrospektiv och prospektiv konfidens för korrekta än för felaktiga minnen. Deltagarna tog hänsyn till att minnen blir svagare med tiden och uppgav en lägre prospektiv än retrospektiv konfidens. Konfidensen efter 1 vecka var på samma nivå som direkt efter brottet. Differensen i konfidens mellan korrekta och felaktiga minnen skiljde sig inte beroende på skattningstillfälle. Diskussion förs om resultaten i förhållande till teori och tidigare forskning.

Background: In health care children often undergo diagnostic and therapeutic painful procedures. Venous sampling, lumbar puncture (back fluid test), needle insertion into venous port, and redressing of wounds are some examples that children may be exposed to. There are several methods to alleviate procedure-related pain, such as general anesthesia and local anesthesia. Objective: The purpose of this study was to map if nitrous oxide administration in painful procedures such as lumbar puncture, needle insertion into venous port, intramuscular injections and gastrostomy button exchange, provides adequate pain relief and sedation and reduces anxiety and fear during these procedures. Method: A total of 92 protocols were reviewed in terms of evaluating the children´s experience of pain, anxiety and fear before and after the painful procedure. The children were divided into groups according to procedure. The study has descriptive, quantitative and retrospective design. Results: The study shows that nitrous oxide can be a good method to reduce experience of pain, anxiety and fear during painful procedures in children with cancer. In painful procedures where the pain remains after the procedure is completed, it has become clear that further pain alleviation may be needed. Most of the children were prepared to use nitrogen oxide in forthcoming painful procedures. Conclusion: Nitrous oxide is an alternative in all types of procedure-related pain. The results show, that nitrous oxide is not suitable for all children and that some procedures may need supplementary pain relief afterwards.

Inledning: Bandy har en låg skadeincidens med cirka 7 skador per 1000 matchtimmar. Den vanligaste skadelokalisationen är ansiktet som står för ca en tredjedel av rapporterade skador. Eftersom antalet studier inom bandy är begränsat, finns anledning till att öka kunskapen om skadepanoramat, för att på sikt kunna arbeta förebyggande för att minska antalet skador. Syfte: Att med en kvantitativ ansats analysera rapporterade skador i elitseriebandy herrar 2007-2012. Metod: Resultatet av samtliga inrapporterade skador mellan 2007-2012 har analyserats. Materialet bestod av det totala antalet individer från lag som rapporterat skador, totalt 378 spelare. Resultat: Totalt rapporterades 97 skador under 2007-2012. Av dessa klassades 36 % (35/97) som allvarliga, det vill säga spelaren bedömdes avstå träning samt match mer än sju dagar. Ansiktsskador stod för 28 % (29/97) av skadorna. Slutsats: Studien visade i att ansiktsskador var den vanligaste skadelokalisationen, och att andelen allvarliga skador i likhet med tidigare studie inom elitbandy var hög. Nyckelord: ansiktsskada, bandy, retrospektiv, skadeprevention / Introduction: A low injury incidence has been reported from elite bandy (approximately 7 injuries/1000 game hours). The most common location was in the face, which represent about 30% of reported injuries. However, the studies are few and more knowledge is needed to support planning of preventive measures. Objective: To investigate injuries in Elite male bandy the years 2007-2012. Method: All reported injuries from participating teams in the Swedish professional 2007-2012 has been analysed. The participants consisted of 378 players followed between one and four seasons. Result: Totally, 97 injuries were reported during 2007-2012. Of those were 36 % (35/97) classified as severe, meaning that the player could not participate in training or games for at least 7 days. Facial injuries represent 29 % (28/97) of total injuries. Conclusion: Present study show similar results as previous report that face injuries is the most common injury in male elite bandy, and that the share of severe injuries is high. Key words: bandy, facial injury, injury prevention, retrospective

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka förekomsten av tekniska komplikationer på behandlingar med implantatstödda rekonstruktioner utförda på Odontologiska Fakulteten, Malmö Universitet. Material och metod: Studien är en retrospektiv journalstudie där journalhandlingar från patienter som erhållit implantatbehandling på Odontologiska Fakulteten, Malmö Universitet mellan 2008 och 2015 och genomgått 5-årsuppföljning. Implantatoperationer utfördes av specialister i oral kirurgi och protetisk behandling samt uppföljning utfördes av studenter. 116 patienters journaluppgifter undersöktes. Patienter som inte hade genomgått 5-årsuppföljning och/eller behandlats med avtagbara implantatstödda rekonstruktioner exkluderades.  Resultat: 107 patienter uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna. 47 patienter (43,9%) fick någon form av teknisk komplikation under sin 5-årsuppföljningsperiod. Den vanligaste komplikationen på patientnivå var chip off-fraktur (26,2%), följt av skruvbrunnsförseglingsförlust (17,8%) och lös broskruv (12,1%). Statistisk signifikans uppnåddes för sambandet mellan suprakonstruktionens utsträckning och chip off-fraktur (p = 0,013) samt fonetiska komplikationer (p = 0,000) Slutsats: Under en femårsperiod inträffade tekniska komplikationer på implantatstödda protetiska rekonstruktioner utförda av studenter vid Odontologiska Fakulteten, Malmö Universitet i hög frekvens (³ 30%). Större rekonstruktioner drabbades statistiskt signifikant oftare av chip off-frakturer och fonetiska komplikationer än mindre rekonstruktioner.  . / Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the frequency of technical complications in dental implant treatments performed at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University. Material and method: The present study is a retrospective journal study of patients who had received treatment with fixed implant supported prosthodontics, performed at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University between 2008 and 2015, and had gone through three control visits during a five-year follow-up period. All surgery was performed by oral surgeons and prosthodontic treatment and follow-up was performed by students. The records of 116 patients were studied. Patients who hadn’t completed the five-year follow-up period and/or were treated with removable implant prosthodontics were excluded from the study.  Results: 107 patients met the inclusion criteria. 47 patients (43,9%) were affected by at least one technical complication during the follow-up period. The most common complication was chipping (26,2%), followed by loss of access hole restoration (17,8%) and loose prosthetic screw (12,1%). Statistical significance was achieved for the relation between the extension of the superstructure and chipping (p = 0,013) and phonetic complications (p = 0,000). Conclusion: During a follow-up period of five years, technical complications in treatment with implant-supported prosthodontics performed by students at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University occurred frequently (³ 30%). Larger prostheses suffered a higher frequency of chipping-fractures and phonetic complications than smaller prostheses. These findings were statistically significant.

<p>This diploma work was performed at the department for radiation physics at the Health University in Linköping. Its aim was to develop a method to retrospectively quantify the absorbed dose in coral. Coral is a material which suites well as a retrospective dosimeter because when exposed to radioactivity its induced free radicals are stable in time. The number of radicals is proportional to the accumulated dose so the dose can be calculated by quantifying the radicals. Therefore, coral can tell us something about the past environment and also be used in dating purposes.</p><p>A young, modern coral from the Red Sea was studied and also a fossil one which I was given from the Natural History Museum in Stockholm. It was estimated to be originated from the Tertiary period, i.e. 2-65 million years old.</p><p>To accurately calculate the corals’ accumulated doses I had to gain knowledge in a number of separate areas. The radicals were analyzed using electron spin resonance. This was possible because of the fact that free radicals contain unpaired electrons. Initially, the main goal was to study how to prepare the coral without neither mechanically inducing new radicals nor destroying the radiation induced radicals. When the preparation method was considered optimal the dose response was then crucial, i.e. how the number of radicals corresponded to radiation. To accurately quantify the absorbed doses the spectra needed to be modified and elaborated with signal analyses. By adding artificial irradiations to the samples the initial doses could be calculated. To estimate the age of a coral an assessment of the natural dose rate must be done. This was done by measure the disintegration activity of the samples. It was found that its main contributor was the ²³⁸U-series. The fossil’s minimum age was estimated to 3 million years whereas the ESR-noise made it impossible to calculate the dose in the modern coral. The detectable dose limit of the method was approximately 0.5 Gy, i.e. a minimum age of about 500 years. However, the modern coral was determined as an Elkhorn coral (family Acropora) which is a species with a fast growth rate. The coral’s size implicated its age to be about 100 years old. In addition, the method was put to the test by irradiating the young coral with an unknown dose. After modifying the method the absorbed dose was calculated to be 1.3 ± 0.3 Gy. The real dose was 1.2 Gy. Thus, the method exhibited large scales of uncertainties but it did nevertheless work sufficiently enough.</p>

No description available.

This diploma work was performed at the department for radiation physics at the Health University in Linköping. Its aim was to develop a method to retrospectively quantify the absorbed dose in coral. Coral is a material which suites well as a retrospective dosimeter because when exposed to radioactivity its induced free radicals are stable in time. The number of radicals is proportional to the accumulated dose so the dose can be calculated by quantifying the radicals. Therefore, coral can tell us something about the past environment and also be used in dating purposes. A young, modern coral from the Red Sea was studied and also a fossil one which I was given from the Natural History Museum in Stockholm. It was estimated to be originated from the Tertiary period, i.e. 2-65 million years old. To accurately calculate the corals’ accumulated doses I had to gain knowledge in a number of separate areas. The radicals were analyzed using electron spin resonance. This was possible because of the fact that free radicals contain unpaired electrons. Initially, the main goal was to study how to prepare the coral without neither mechanically inducing new radicals nor destroying the radiation induced radicals. When the preparation method was considered optimal the dose response was then crucial, i.e. how the number of radicals corresponded to radiation. To accurately quantify the absorbed doses the spectra needed to be modified and elaborated with signal analyses. By adding artificial irradiations to the samples the initial doses could be calculated. To estimate the age of a coral an assessment of the natural dose rate must be done. This was done by measure the disintegration activity of the samples. It was found that its main contributor was the 238U-series. The fossil’s minimum age was estimated to 3 million years whereas the ESR-noise made it impossible to calculate the dose in the modern coral. The detectable dose limit of the method was approximately 0.5 Gy, i.e. a minimum age of about 500 years. However, the modern coral was determined as an Elkhorn coral (family Acropora) which is a species with a fast growth rate. The coral’s size implicated its age to be about 100 years old. In addition, the method was put to the test by irradiating the young coral with an unknown dose. After modifying the method the absorbed dose was calculated to be 1.3 ± 0.3 Gy. The real dose was 1.2 Gy. Thus, the method exhibited large scales of uncertainties but it did nevertheless work sufficiently enough.

Bakgrund: Anestesisjuksköterskan ansvarar för att identifiera när ett förlopp avviker från det normala i den perioperativa vården. Tidigare studier visar att explorativ laparotomi har hög förekomst av allvarliga komplikationer och 30-dagarsmortalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka korrelation mellan preoperativa variabler och förekomst av allvarliga komplikationer hos vuxna patienter som genomgår akut explorativ laparotomi på en operationsavdelning. Syftet var även att undersöka korrelation mellan preoperativa variabler och mortalitet hos vuxna patienter som genomgår akut explorativ laparotomi på en operationsavdelning. Metod: Studien var en retrospektiv registerstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Registerdata innehållande pre-, intra- och postoperativa uppgifter om 387 patienter som genomgått explorativ laparotomi, inhämtades från Provisio för åren 2019–2021. Datamatris skapades utifrån Clavien-Dindos komplikationsklassifikation. Materialet analyserades med beskrivande statistik, Spearmans rho och multipel linjär korrelationsanalys. Huvudresultat: Allvarliga komplikationer förekom hos 33,6% av patienterna. 9,6% av patienterna avled inom 30-dagar. ASA-klass var statistiskt signifikant korrelerat till allvarliga komplikationer (p: &lt;0,001). Ålder (p:&lt;0,001), ASA-klass (p: &lt;0,001) och prioritetsnivå till operation (p: 0,049) var statistiskt signifikant korrelerat till 30-dagarsmortalitet. Slutsats: Explorativ laparotomi är en allvarlig operation som i de flesta fall utförs på redan svårt sjuka patienter. Anestesisjuksköterskan har en betydande roll i optimeringen av den intraoperativa omvårdnaden. Alla människor har rätt till god evidensbaserad vård och det finns utvecklingspotential vid explorativ laparotomi. / Background: The nurse anesthetist is responsible for identifying when a course of care deviates from the normal in perioperative care. Previous studies show that exploratory laparotomy has a high incidence of severe complications and 30-day mortality. Aim: The aim was to investigate correlation between preoperative variables and the presence of severe complications in adult patients undergoing acute exploratory laparotomy in an operating department. The aim was also to investigate correlation between preoperative variables and mortality in adult patients undergoing acute exploratory laparotomy in an operating department. Method: The study was a retrospective registry study with a quantitative approach. Registry data containing pre-, intra- and postoperative data on 387 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy were obtained from Provisio for the years 2019–2021. A data matrix was created based on Clavien-Dindo's classification of complications. The material was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Spearman's rho and multiple linear correlation analysis. Result: Severe complications occurred in 33.6% of patients. 9.6% of patients died within 30 days. ASA class was statistically significantly correlated to severe complications (p:&lt;0.001). Age (p:&lt;0.001), ASA class (p: &lt;0.001) and priority level to surgery (p: 0.049) were statistically significantly correlated to 30-day mortality. Conclusion: Exploratory laparotomy is a serious operation that in most cases is performed on already severely ill patients. The nurse anesthetist has a significant role in the optimization of intraoperative nursing. All people have the right to good evidence-based care and there is development potential in exploratory laparotomy.

Studien fokuserar på en praktisk tillämpning av lärdomar från erfarenheter, så kallade lessonslearned, inom kontexten sprintretrospektiv. Genom att studera utvecklingsteam på en svenskmyndighet som använder sig av det agila ramverket Scrum, är syftet att bidra till en utökadförståelse för hur myndighetens arbete med lärande genom sprintretrospektiv sker, samt attföreslå förbättringar. Empiri inhämtas genom en kvalitativ fallstudie och relateras till teorierinom knowledge management och organizational learning, varefter en tankemodell, lessonslearned-tratten, utvecklas. Lessons learned-tratten visar hur sprintretrospektivets struktur kanvara ett stöd i utvecklingsteamets lärande. Den gör detta genom att tydliggöra moment därteammedlemmarna delar med sig av erfarenheter, formaliserar och analyserar dem, beslutarom åtgärder samt möjliggör återkoppling genom en nedskriven åtgärdslista.

Uppsatsen har undersökt konsumenters kundresa på olika e-handels hemsidor. Syftet har varit att undersöka var i kundresan – före eller under köp – som kundupplevelsernaär som starkast. Både positiv och negativ kundupplevelse undersöks samt hur den fysiskaomgivningen, mer specifikt fysiska butiker, påverkar e-handelsupplevelsen. Ett syfte vardessutom att se hur eye-tracking fungerar som utvärderingsmetod med hjälp av intervjuer frånanställda på Karlstads universitet som undersökt kundresor tidigare i en fysisk miljö. Dettagenomfördes även genom att upprätta kundresekartor från användartester med hjälp av bådeeye-tracking och retrospektiv tänka högt. Eye-tracking tillsammans med Tänka-högt metodenanvändes för att få en bra bild av kundresan och de kundupplevelser som är förknippade med kundresan. För att undersöka hur fysiska affärer påverkar beteendet hos e-kunder användes eye-tracking med hjälp av en retrospektiv tänka högt och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultaten, när det gäller var kunder upplever köpen som starkast, var att den fysiska affären hade en viss påverkan på vilken affär testdeltagarna väljer. Eye-tracking som utvärderingsmetod för kundresor fungerar bra med hjälp av flera andra metoder, som retrospektiv tänka högt och intervjuer.