The purpose of this degree project was to get increased knowledge about thedifficulties youth might face while disengaging from a criminal lifestyle, and thisfrom a professional perspective. To achieve this I interviewed four professionalsworking within the Social service and Prison and probation service. Whenanalysing the material the general theory of the process of “role-exit” (Ebaugh1988) was used, as well as the theory about criminality as lifestyle (Bergström2009) There are a number of both inner and outer factors seeming to createdifficulties to the process of “role-exit”. Insufficient social network and prosocialexperience as well as a number of specific thought patterns are some of those.Youth trying to disengage from a criminal lifestyle seem to go through a similarprocess as the general “role-exit”, the specific difficulties they face has partly todo with having to deal with a negative “Ex-role” while in contact with people andat the same time trying to create a new one.

The newspaper industry, among other forms of journalism and media, has changed rapidly and fundamentally in the last 15-20 years due to technological and economical transformations as well as a shift in media consumption among the general public. The aim of this study is therefore to examine to what degree and how these changes and developments have affected journalists, to the extent that they exit the profession, as well as whether or not the ex-journalists still identify with the profession's ideals and democratic role in a society. The analysis is based on qualitative, semi structured interviews with eight Swedish ex-journalists, all who at some point in their journalistic careers have worked for a daily newspaper. To analyze the results, a theoretical framework consisting of parts of the role exit theory, push-pull-factors, theories of the professionalization of the journalism profession and theories of the democratic role of journalism, has been applied.    One main finding in this thesis is that the main driving force in leaving journalism, for the majority of the interviewees, was based on the economy of the newspapers they were working for and that some of the newspapers were forced to shut down or slim their production. This led to job insecurity for the journalists, less employees having to do more work and, for some, even being laid off. One other finding is that all of the interviewed ex-journalists state that they still identify with the way of working and the democratic ideals in the journalism profession to a high degree, despite working in other professions outside of journalism. This result indicates that the journalism profession, at least for the interviewed ex-newspaper-journalists, consists of shared ideals, behavior and ways of conducting the work.

<p>Uppsatsen belyser vägen ur ett självskadande beteende där tre kvalitativa intervjuer har gjorts för att närma sig vändpunktsprocesserna. Även en självbiografisk bok har använts som empiriskt stöd. Syftet är att kunna urskilja hur vägen ut ur ett självskadande beteende kan se ut för olika personer. Det empiriska materialet belyses även utifrån Antonovskys teori om KASAM, Ebaugh Fuchs teori om exitprocesser samt tidigare forskning. De frågeställningar som ligger till grund för uppsatsen är följande: är det möjligt att kunna urskilja en vändpunkt (yttre och inre faktorer)? Vilken betydelse har personer i individens omgivning haft för vägen ut ur ett självskadande beteende? Hur har samhällets insatser hjälpt individen att ta sig ur sitt beteende? De slutsatser som kan konstateras är att det för samtliga intervjudeltagare samt i den självbiografiska boken går att urskilja någon form av vändpunkt. Utifrån de berättelser vi tagit del av kan vi konstatera att vändpunkter kan se väldigt olika ut. Ytterligare en slutsats är att samtliga kvinnor är eniga om att vårdinsatserna är för denna patientgrupp bristfällig eller ibland helt lyser med sin frånvaro. Det viktigaste i intervjudeltagarnas tillfrisknande är deras egen jagstyrka och motivation. Samtliga kvinnor har i dag nya hanteringsstrategier för att klara av livets motgångar och svårigheter.</p> / <p> </p><p>This thesis highlights self-harming behavior and the journey to recovery. To approach the turning point and the following process three qualitative interviews has been done. An autobiographical book has been used as an empirical data. The purpose is to distinguish how the journey to recovery can differ between diverse people. The empirical data has been illustrated by using Antonovskys theory sence of coherence, Ebaugh Fuchs process of roll exit and current research. The issued questions grounding the thesis are: is it possible to distinguish a turning point (outer and inner factors)? How important were the people surrounding the individual to find the way out? And how did society's efforts help the individual out of its behavior? The conclusions that are determined are that with all of the interviewed and the autobiographical book, a turning point can be discerned. From the stories given to us we can determine that the turning points can differ considerably. Yet another conclusion is that all of the women agree that the care effort towards these types of patients is insufficient or even non-existent. The most important part in the recovery of the interviewed is their own strength and motivation. All of these women today have new strategies on how to handle life's adversity and difficulties.</p>

Uppsatsen belyser vägen ur ett självskadande beteende där tre kvalitativa intervjuer har gjorts för att närma sig vändpunktsprocesserna. Även en självbiografisk bok har använts som empiriskt stöd. Syftet är att kunna urskilja hur vägen ut ur ett självskadande beteende kan se ut för olika personer. Det empiriska materialet belyses även utifrån Antonovskys teori om KASAM, Ebaugh Fuchs teori om exitprocesser samt tidigare forskning. De frågeställningar som ligger till grund för uppsatsen är följande: är det möjligt att kunna urskilja en vändpunkt (yttre och inre faktorer)? Vilken betydelse har personer i individens omgivning haft för vägen ut ur ett självskadande beteende? Hur har samhällets insatser hjälpt individen att ta sig ur sitt beteende? De slutsatser som kan konstateras är att det för samtliga intervjudeltagare samt i den självbiografiska boken går att urskilja någon form av vändpunkt. Utifrån de berättelser vi tagit del av kan vi konstatera att vändpunkter kan se väldigt olika ut. Ytterligare en slutsats är att samtliga kvinnor är eniga om att vårdinsatserna är för denna patientgrupp bristfällig eller ibland helt lyser med sin frånvaro. Det viktigaste i intervjudeltagarnas tillfrisknande är deras egen jagstyrka och motivation. Samtliga kvinnor har i dag nya hanteringsstrategier för att klara av livets motgångar och svårigheter. / This thesis highlights self-harming behavior and the journey to recovery. To approach the turning point and the following process three qualitative interviews has been done. An autobiographical book has been used as an empirical data. The purpose is to distinguish how the journey to recovery can differ between diverse people. The empirical data has been illustrated by using Antonovskys theory sence of coherence, Ebaugh Fuchs process of roll exit and current research. The issued questions grounding the thesis are: is it possible to distinguish a turning point (outer and inner factors)? How important were the people surrounding the individual to find the way out? And how did society's efforts help the individual out of its behavior? The conclusions that are determined are that with all of the interviewed and the autobiographical book, a turning point can be discerned. From the stories given to us we can determine that the turning points can differ considerably. Yet another conclusion is that all of the women agree that the care effort towards these types of patients is insufficient or even non-existent. The most important part in the recovery of the interviewed is their own strength and motivation. All of these women today have new strategies on how to handle life's adversity and difficulties.

This study aims to find out how the way out of homelessness can look and be experienced and in what way persons with experience of being homeless might think about our society´s different solutions to this problem. The study is based on five half-structured qualitative interviews with persons who have experience of being homeless. The theoretical perspectives used to analyze the empirism are “Stages of Change” and “The Process of Role Exit”, both dealing with changing processes. Our results show that the way out of homelessness can be long and very hard to achieve, and the change in housing situation can be either a process towards a more and more stable housing or through an opportunity that suddenly appears. Another result shows that people with the experience of being homeless can be negative to the solutions offered by our society but be positive to the idea of Housing First. One conclusion is that a housing of your own can mean more for the individual than just somewhere to sleep. To have a housing of your own can lead to personal development such as trying to get rid of one´s addiction or get better relations with one´s family.

Syftet med arbetet var att först beskriva hur avhoppsprocessen kan gå till enligt Helen Ebaughs (1988) ”role-exit theory” och sedan identifiera och analysera de sociopsykologiska processer som verkar inom ramen för avhoppsprocessen. Det empiriska materialet som analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ insats var tre självbiografier av avhoppare från tre olika nyreligiösa rörelser. Materialet inhämtades genom en djupläsning av de tre självbiografierna som står i fokus i denna studie. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av Ebaughs (1988) teori om rollbyte och tidigare forskning. Resultatet visade att avhoppsprocessen är en komplex process i vilken olika sociopsykologiska processer verkar. Tvivel visade sig vara den första processen som sker under avhoppsprocessen. Andra faktorer, som alternativa sociala roller, kriser i ens liv samt stödet av individens sociala nätverk är sådant som enligt Ebaughs teori kan påverka avhoppet. Ännu en faktor som framkom i analysen av självbiografierna och påverkade individernas beslut att lämna de respektive nyreligiösa rörelserna var avhopparnas kontakt med Internet som de använde sig av för att bland annat få information om de respektive rörelserna från ett annat perspektiv.

Title: “I did not deserve that, nobody does” - A qualitative study about the effect of generational affiliation on abused women’s role exit.   Authors: Emelie Jonsson and Shirin Tousi. This study intends to gain understanding about the process of role exit for women who once lived in violent and abusive close relationships, and what the generation the women belong to may mean. The empirical data is based on women’s histories and experiences of living in and leaving violent relationships. The data has been collected through a qualitative method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 women, of which half took place with women aged 20-30 and half with women aged 50-60. To understand the empirical data three different theoretical perspectives have been chosen. The theories that have been chosen are Yvonne Hirdmans’ (2004) theory about gender structures, Helen Rose Ebaughs’ (1988) theory about the process of role exit and lastly Clary Krekula and Barbro Johansson’s (2017) generational perspective. Some of the theoretical concepts that have been used in order to gain understanding of the women’s experiences are gender relations, hierarchy, dichotomy, gender contract, role exit and generation.   The results of this, show that generational affiliation has a notable impact on women’s exit from violent close relationships. The first question is, In what way does generational affiliation affect women's initial thoughts of wanting to leave a violent relationship? The results show that women's generational belonging affected their first initial thoughts about leaving the violent relationship greatly. Women who belong to the younger generation are more individualistic in their way of thinking and acting, whilst women who belong to the older generation are guided and moulded by their close surroundings.  The second question in this study is, What significance does generational affiliation have on women’s actual exit from violent relationships? This study’s results show that the generation one belongs to is of great importance for a woman's actual exit from violent relationships, but the effect is expressed differently within the two different generations. The women from the older generation do not act on their own needs and wants but on the needs of their children and family. The women who belong to the younger generation are more individualists and choose to leave the violent relationships as a result of violent incidents that have harmed them personally.   The third question discussed in this study is, In what way has one’s generation affected the women after their exit from the violent relationships? The results show that the women from the younger generation have been able to move on after exit from the violent relationships, whilst the women from the older generation have gotten stuck in a hangover identity from their ex-role of being exposed to violence.

The aim of this study was to examine if the leaving of an abuse could be understood as a process, that incorporates both psychological and sociological parts. We collected our data through a qualitative method of reading autobiographies. The selection of materials was based on the autobiographies that dealt with substance abuse issues, where the selection was delimited to the autobiographies where the individuals had had an alcohol, drug or gambling abuse. The chosen material was written in Swedish, by the addict and after the individual had come out of their abuse. The reading of the material was based on a number of reading questions based on the study’s questions. Following the patterns we found from the reading, we formed a division of our results where eight themes were identified that seemed to play an important role when leaving an abuse: questioning, unsuccessful attempts, insight, turning point, a struggle, important help, new self and awareness. Our result was then analyzed against both psychological and sociological research to give different explanatory models of what we saw in the material. The psychologically oriented research talked about how an individual leaves addiction and how, for example, cognitive changes and turning points are central parts. The sociologically oriented research consisted of a theoretical explanation model about how an individual makes a role exit when, for example, he leaves an abuse where social factors such as environmental impact plays an important role. One of the study’s conclusions was that leaving an abuse could be understood as a process. Another conclusion was that the eight different steps of the process could include both sociological and psychological parts. Thus, through our study, we distinguished that leaving an abuse was not only influenced by one or the other approach, but that studies that illuminate and merge both psychological and sociological perspectives are needed. The study also shows the importance of bringing these two directions together in order to reach a full understanding of what the individual undergoes during his or her journey from an abuse.

This study aims to show how mid-level managers experience a role change while in a bigger organizational change. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with ten mid-level managers in a wholesale company with approximately 650 employees. The study is about roles and role change and how a middle manager experience a change in roles. It aims to give a new contribution to management- and organization studies and to contribute with action-advices to practitioner in work life. The theoretical starting points are Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaughs (1988) theory about role exit. The result from the interviews was analyzed with this theory and the main conclusions are: A forced change of roles for a mid-level manager can show the same steps in role exiting as the examples in Ebaughs (1988) study. Throughout the change, the manager’s experiences doubt, seeking alternatives, the turning point and creating an Ex-role. The time it took, the managers to go through all these steps varied. The company’s actions created a bigger doubt than necessary. The fact that the company waited for up to two months to declare the new roles for the middle managers created most doubt. A clearer purpose, more information about the coming roles and more information about why the change was necessary could have shortened the time it took for the managers to get through all the role-exiting steps and some role-uncertainty could have been avoided.