AbstractSyfte. Att: beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta i glesbygd med jour på distans.Bakgrund. Jour på distans innebär att sjuksköterskor, med stöd av läkare på di-stans, omhändertar patienter med olika slags akuta symtom. Frånvaron av nationella studier, rörande sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av jour på distans i kombination med behovet av att hitta nya sätt att bedriva vård i glesbygd, borde medföra ett intresse för studien.Design: Deskriptiv intervjustudie med kvalitativ ansats.Metod. Intervjuer genomfördes med 9 sjuksköterskor, vilka arbetar vid 2 olika häl-socentraler belägna i nordligaste delen av Sverige. Intervjuerna genomfördes våren 2017. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat. Analysen resulterade i de 4 kategorierna rollutveckling, fördelar för pati-enten, stöd samt osäkerhet. Sjuksköterskor beskriver sig ha ett arbete som på olika sätt medför rollutveckling. Fördelar för patinten framställs bestå av exempelvis mins-kat behov av resor samt möjlighet att få snabb bedömning utan att alltid behöva åka till sjukhus. Kategorin stöd belyser betydelsen av tillit från läkare och fungerande teknik. Sista kategorin påvisar att vissa situationer medför känslor av osäkerhet hos sjuksköterskan, som exempelvis när läkare har dålig kunskap om jour på distans.Slutsats. Resultatet påvisar att jour på distans, sett ur sjuksköterskornas perspektiv, är ett bra sätt att tillvarata befintlig personal och teknik i syfte att tillhandahålla vård under jourtid i glest befolkade områden. Arbete med jour på distans kräver sjukskö-terskor med god kunskap och erfarenhet och studien påvisar även betydelsen av ut-bildning samt stöd från läkaren.

The diploma thesis depicts the mode and course of collectivization of the rural areas in the district of Kutná Hora in years 1948-1960. It is based on the analysis of five villages - Bahno, Opatovice I, Petrovice I, Mitrov a Vranice (the little town of Kácov is also included for comparison reasons). The thesis describes how the unified binding principles of the state- controlled agricultural politics of KSČ reflected into the socialization of concrete villages and how they influenced the daily life and destinies of their inhabitants. The thesis also concentrates on the individual reactions towards the collectivization, especially those of local functionaries, focusing on which means and strategies these used against the ruling power. The central question is whether, and to what extent, the functionaries could influence and shape the village life and how they influenced the local form of socialization. The objective of this thesis is to show a more vivid picture of the agricultural collectivization and, at the same time, to offer a certain typology of its participants. Apart from the comparison of the mode of collectivization in concrete villages, their example also shows the differences between the first and second (final) phase of the collectivization of the rural areas. The thesis is based...

Depuis plus d'un siècle, les associations accompagnent les changements que vivent les espaces ruraux français. Longtemps laissées à l’écart, elles sont aujourd'hui très sollicitées dans la mise en œuvre de l'action publique de développement rural. Des premiers contrats de pays des années 1970 à la LOADDT de 1999, en passant par le programme européen LEADER, les associations sont invitées, ou s’invitent, pour faire vivre une démarche de démocratie participative. Elles se mobilisent afin de faciliter la construction d'un projet partagé de territoire. Cette thèse s’interroge sur le rôle du rapport au territoire dans les modalités d’implication des associations dans ces procédures de développement. En analysant les processus de construction des mondes associatifs, nous proposons une lecture socio-spatiale de la nébuleuse associative. L’action publique de développement rural, en sollicitant les associations, va interagir, plus ou moins fortement, avec ces mondes associatifs et les amener à se redéfinir. L’espace politique choisi par les élus, va entrer en résonance avec les configurations socio-spatiales associatives et orienter les modalités d’implication des associations dans la construction du projet territorial. Prescrite, volontaire ou volontariste, l’implication associative va se moduler aussi en fonction de la pédagogie de conduite du projet territorial mise en œuvre par les élus et les chargés de mission. Ce modèle d’analyse est appliqué au Pays Quercy Rouergue, projet de pays avorté, à l’origine de la modification de la LOADDT. / Local organizations have witnessed the changes in French rural areas for over a century. Long ignored, they are currently in demand in the implementation of government policy regarding rural development. Local organizations have been asked or asked to advance participative democracy from the first local contracts in the 70’s to the LOADDT including the European LEADER program. They have been active in facilitating the setting up of common regional projects. This thesis deals with the relationship of local organizations with local communities and the way they are involved in development procedures. In the analysis of the setting up of local organizations we have adopted a socio-spatial approach to the network of organizations created. Government policy on rural development, by asking local organizations to participate, will interact to a greater or lesser degree with these organizations and cause them to redefine themselves. The political sphere chosen by the local elected officials will influence the socio-spatial configurations of the organizations and guide their involvement in the setting up of the regional project. Whether volunteered or requested, their involvement will vary according to the guidelines followed in the setting up of the regional plan by the local elected officials and project managers. This analytical model has been applied to Pays Quercy -Rouergue, a regional project which was never implemented , which led to the modifications in the LOADDT.

Le Massif central est un ensemble de territoires aux dynamiques variées. Il réunit toutefois des caractéristiques qui, ajoutées aux enjeux nationaux, induisent des difficultés dans la présence, l’organisation et l’accès aux soins, en particulier pour les territoires éloignés des zones urbaines et des structures hospitalières, peu peuplés, peu attractifs et dont la population vieillit. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de rendre compte des questionnements qui s’expriment dans ces territoires, des acteurs qui s’y investissent et des actions qui s’y déroulent, selon un angle d’approche territoriale et en particulier à travers les discours et les actions des institutions sanitaires, des collectivités territoriales et des professionnels de santé locaux. Prendre en compte ce qui fait les spécificités des territoires ruraux du Massif doit mieux aider à concevoir des solutions. La proximité des relations entre les professionnels de santé et la population, le faible nombre de professionnels, la place des élus locaux et les configurations des collectivités rurales, sont autant d’éléments à considérer. A partir des préoccupations et des postures de chacun et des exemples de projets innovants tels que les réseaux de santé de proximité, ce travail permet de mieux comprendre qu’au-delà des faibles dessertes de l’offre de soins et des situations d’éloignement aux services, c’est la capacité des acteurs à travailler ensemble et leurs modalités d’organisation et de collaboration qui contribuent au maintien, à l’accès et à la qualité de l’offre de soins. / The Massif Central is made up of several areas with specific dynamics. However, a number of common characteristics (rural and mountain areas, low population density) added to the national issues related to the health system make the organization of health care and its access difficult. Following a territorial approach and based on speeches and actions made by health care services, local authorities and health professionals, our research effort was focused on collecting and analyzing raised issues, actors involved in the field and actions that were taken. Evaluating the distinctive features of the rural areas in the Massif could allow new solutions to be developed. The close relationship between the populations and health actors, the low number of professionals, the role of the elected members and of the rural local authorities are key elements to take into account in Massif Central. We analyzed the interests and positions of each actor and explore new ongoing projects such as the healthcare centres with primary care teams or the local health care network developed in rural areas. This work contributes to the understanding of the pivotal role of the dialogue and cooperation among the main local actors (health professionals, political representatives and health institutions) on the success of the present and future projects to maintain and develop the supply of health care.

La présente thèse retrace l’évolution de la formation de la famille rurale à travers trois périodes, avant 1954, 1955-1986, 1987-2011 dans le Delta du Fleuve Rouge au Nord du Việt Nam. Le cadre théorique a été construit en faisant référence aux travaux d’Alain Girard, Claude Henryon et Edmond Lambrechts, François Héran et Michel Bozon, à l’analyse des conditions de formation d’une génération et des rapports de génération de Karl Mannheim, à l’analyse de la transformation sociale de Pierre Bourdieu dans son livre Travail et travailleurs en Algérie. L’enquête de terrain par l’entretien et l’observation a été menée auprès des conjoints dont le mariage a eu lieu entre les dates de référence. Le Việt Nam a connu au cours du XXe siècle des grands événements, des dates historiques auxquelles nous faisons référence. Il a traversé la période féodo-coloniale, la période de l’édification socialiste avec une économie planifiée et la période de l’économie de marché à orientation socialiste. En partant des contextes politiques, économiques, juridiques, éducatifs, et démographiques du pays, à travers les observations empiriques en la matière et résultats des enquêtes disponibles, nous cherchons à dégager les caractéristiques principales du mariage de chaque période en examinant les aspects principaux du processus d’entrée en union: les circonstances de rencontre, les conditions de la découverte, la prise de décision, les critères du choix et les rites du mariage. Tout cela vise à comprendre les persistances et les changements de cette évolution. On observe que la distance géographique s’accentue entre les communes d’origine des conjoints. Les contextes de découverte sont de plus en plus marqués par l’existence des réseaux sociaux et par le système de l’éducation et de la formation. L’autonomie des jeunes s’affirme. On trouve des concordances entre les résultats de la thèse et les données socio-démographiques récemment élaborées au Việt Nam. / This dissertation relates the evolution of the formation of rural family through three periods before 1954, 1955-1986, 1987-2011 in the Red River Delta in the North of Vietnam. The theoretical cadre is referring to the work of Alain Girard, Claude Henryon and Edmond Lambrechts, François Héran and Michel Bozon, to the analysis of conditions for formation of one generation and generating reports of Karl Mannheim, to the analysis of the social transformation of Pierre Bourdieu from his book Work and workers in Algeria. The fiel survey by interview and observation was realized with spouses who had their marriage between references dates. Viêt Nam has experienced in the twentieth century big events which we refer. It crossed the feudal-colonial period, the period of socialist construction and the period of the market economy with a socialist orientation. Starting from political, economic, legal, educational, and demographic contexts of the country, through empirical data on the subject and survey results, we try to identify the main characteristics of the marriage of each period and the social mechanisms which determine the choice of spouse by examining the main aspects of the entry process in union: circumstances of meeting, conditions of courting, marriage decision-making, criteria for selecting, and marriage rituals. All of this aims at understanding the continuities and changes of this evolution. We observe that the geographical distance becomes more marked between the municipalities of origin of the spouses. The contexts of courting are more and more marked by the existence of the social networks and by the system of the education and training. The youth autonomy is affirmed. We find concordances between survey results and sociodemographic data recently observed in Viêt Nam.

I kontrast mot internationell forskning har psykologarbete i glesbygd hittills varit underbeforskat i svensk kontext. Vidare kan övergången mellan utbildning och yrkesliv vara utmanande för psykologer. Studiens syfte var därför att kartlägga nyexaminerade psykologers psykosociala arbetsmiljö och psykiska hälsa i glesbygd baserat på arkivdata från två mätpunkter. En kvasiexperimentell tvärsnittsdesign utformades (n = 53) med testgrupp (glesbygd) och jämförelsegrupp (tätort), varav 77% kvinnor och 23% män, medelålder 32 år (SD = 4.66). Psykosocial arbetsmiljö undersöktes via delskalor från Second Version of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire och Professionell isolation. Psykisk hälsa och utmattning undersöktes via General Health Questionnaire och Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire. Gruppjämförelser via t-test visade att testgruppen skattade en högre grad av professionell isolation (p = .003, Cohen’s d = 1.03) medan jämförelsegruppen skattade en högre nivå av utmattning (p = .006, Cohen’s d = -.78). Inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader framkom gällande måtten rollkonflikter, känslomässiga krav eller psykisk hälsa. De nyexaminerade psykologerna i glesbygd tycks välmående i sitt arbete men den professionella isolationen kvarstår som en viktig resursbrist att se över. Praktiska implikationer och förslag till framtida forskning presenteras. / In contrast to international research, working as a psychologist in rural areas is a scarcely researched topic in the Swedish context. Furthermore, the transition between education and work life can be a challenge for psychologists. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to analyze the psychosocial work environment, mental health, and burnout of newly graduated psychologists in the rural areas of Sweden, based on archive data. The study had a quasiexperimental cross-sectional design with a sample (n = 53) consisting of a test group (rural context) and a comparison group (urban context), 77% women and 23% men with an average age of 32 years (SD = 4.66). Psychosocial work environment was examined through Second Version of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire and Professional isolation. Mental health and burnout were examined through General health Questionnaire and Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire. Group comparisons via t-test showed that the test group rated a higher score of professional isolation (p = .003, Cohen’s d = 1.03) while the comparison group rated a higher score of burnout (p = .006, Cohen’s d = -.78). No statistically significant differences concerning role conflicts, emotional demands or mental health were found. The newly graduated rural psychologists appear healthy in their work environment, but the professional isolation remains a cause for concern. Practical implications and future research areas are suggested. / Samspelet över tid mellan individuella och kontextuella faktorer gällande stress och välbefinnande bland psykologer och socialsekreterare

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:50:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deborah de Almeida Rezende.pdf: 20754458 bytes, checksum: 0a0a34d339e490360b52defcb50fbdf3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / Investigating the formative elements of the urban environment and aiming to understand the proper use and occupancy of the land proposed by the appropriate Master Plan for Goiânia, this study approached the historical process of urbanization, world and Brazilian relations of the various agents and fields of urban planning and interference conceptual land use. To this end, the analysis of the specific planning of Goiânia, the genesis of its design to the reality of his plans, has established close relationship with the subject of this survey, rural areas remaining in urban areas of this capital. As part of the results, examination of the arguments highlighted here demonstrate the need for specific policies for land use, therefore, to be incorporated into the Macro-zone built, rural areas have suffered the consequences of speculation on the value of the land market, which shows the fragility of the Master Plan 2007 on the land issue. Methodologically the focus combining historical and documentary survey of the literature search of secondary data and field research was made possible through a GIS project, identify, quantify and characterize these rural areas come from lots of places for recreation. Thus, analogies of power relations in the multidisciplinary field of planning intramunicipal demonstrated the spatial dynamics of Goiânia and allowed to set some guidelines for making public policy based on the analysis of the data presented in this project, proposing practical actions articulated to the mutability of urban rurality, enabling obtaining a result utopian balanced. / Investigando os elementos formadores do meio urbano e objetivando compreender o uso adequado e a ocupação apropriada do solo propostos pelo Plano Diretor de Goiânia, este trabalho aproximou as referências históricas do processo do urbanismo, mundial e brasileiro, às relações dos diversos agentes e campos do planejamento urbano e às interferências conceituais do ordenamento territorial. Para tanto, a análise das especificidades do planejamento de Goiânia, da gênese da sua concepção à realidade dos seus planos, estabeleceu estreita relação com o sujeito desta pesquisa, as áreas rurais remanescentes no meio urbano dessa capital. Como parte dos resultados, o exame dos argumentos aqui destacados demonstrou a necessidade de políticas públicas específicas de ordenamento territorial, pois, ao serem incorporadas à Macrozona Construída, as áreas rurais sofreram as consequências da especulação imobiliária na valorização do mercado de terras, o que evidencia a fragilidade do Plano Diretor de 2007 na questão fundiária. Metodologicamente aliando o foco histórico e documental da pesquisa bibliográfica ao levantamento de dados secundários e à pesquisa de campo, foi possível, por meio de um projeto de geoprocessamento, identificar, quantificar e caracterizar essas áreas rurais oriundas de loteamentos de sítios de recreio. Assim, analogias das relações de poder no campo multidisciplinar do planejamento intramunicipal demonstraram a dinamicidade espacial de Goiânia e permitiram traçar algumas diretrizes para elaboração de políticas públicas a partir da análise dos dados apresentados nesse projeto, propondo ações práticas articuladas à mutabilidade da ruralidade urbana, possibilitando a obtenção de um resultado utopicamente equilibrado.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:52:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina Moiana de Toledo.pdf: 1184148 bytes, checksum: 99922ea1067b883e1588573ecc06efe9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-01 / Formal education, which historically was aimed at agricultural workers, was noteworthy for the exclusive attitude of the ruling class, reducing education to mere schooling, and established the notion that the rural worker needed no more than basic literacy. This belief has led, over the years, to the precarious situation of rural schools, both in their physical structure and in the inadequate preparation of teachers. Consisting essentially of a mixed level or one-teacher class, this school is defined as having one class and a single teacher who teaches the first four levels of primary education in the same place at the same time. This is the context of our research theme and the teachers of mixed level classes in rural areas were the focus of our study. Often overlooked in educational research, the teacher of mixed level classes tends to be represented as a juggler dividing herself between the various roles imposed on her, and a teacher who manages to facilitate the learning of up to eighteen children at the same time. by giving these teachers a voice, a dialogue was established. We could then reveal the social inequality and the contradictions of the rural and non-rural school. For theoretical support, we took as a basis the studies of Sérgio Leite (1999); Jadir Pessoa (1997); Carlos Brandão (1990); Julieta Calazans (1993); Márcia Regina Andrade and Maria Clara Di Pierro ([20--]); Edgar Kolling, Nery and Mônica Molina (1999) in relation to research on rural education. The foundation for the arguments was found in Marx and Engels (1977); Marilena Chauí (2003); Gaudêncio Frigotto (1995); Miguel Arroyo (1995); Iria Brzezinski, Maria Esperança Carneiro and Wanderley Brito (2004); Acácia Kuenzer (1987); Osmar Fávero (2001); Carlos Jamil Cury (2001) and others. An effort was made to understand the movement, the process, the contradictions (dialectic method) in historical materialism (methodology) which seek the basis of societies in the socio-historical formation and in relation to production. Taking dialectic materialism as its starting point, this study took a cross-section to get to know and to show the reality of the mixed-level teachers, of the students and of the parents. Qualitative research was used in this study. Descriptive/analytical study was also decided upon, using the following techniques: open interviews, free observation, filed trip notes and closed questionnaires in order to collect socio-economic data. The criterion for the selection of teachers was that the school in which they work should be situated on the farms. Understanding of the thin line separating the urban from the rural shows itself when many of the inhabitants of the poor suburbs, which are characterised more as a product of the deterioration of the cities than of urban development, have a tense relationship with urban culture. As they worked in the rural areas, they maintain the rural culture of their origin. It is apparent, moreover, that the rural school arises as a result of interests linked to industrialisation and urban growth, that rural education receives marginal treatment in official documents, and that the rural school is distinguished by its link to the work and culture of the rural area. We have tried to show that education in the rural area at the beginning of the 21st century is going through a process of change, demanded by social movements, bringing together the forgotten voices of groups socially repressed, but at the same time generators of knowledge and means of survival. The jugglers . i.e. the rural teachers, students and parents, who in their statements show a quite different reality from that described by municipal authorities. / O ensino formal, que historicamente se destinou aos trabalhadores do campo, foi marcado pelo consenso de exclusão por parte da classe dominante, reduzindo a educação à escolarização e estabeleceu, ideologicamente, que ao homem do campo era suficiente o domínio das primeiras letras. Essa realidade tem gerado, ao longo dos anos, a situação de precariedade em que viveu e ainda vive a escola do campo, seja em relação à estrutura física, seja pelo insuficiente grau de formação do professor. Constituída essencialmente por sala multisseriada ou unidocente, essa escola se caracteriza por possuir uma sala e ter um só professor que ministra aulas para as quatro séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, no mesmo local e ao mesmo tempo. Nesse contexto recaiu o tema da pesquisa e o professor da zona rural de sala multisseriada constituiu o nosso objeto de estudo. Pouco lembrado nas pesquisas sobre educação, o professor de sala multisseriada acabou por apresentar-se como um malabarista no sentido de desdobrar-se entre as variadas atribuições que lhe foram impingidas e o professor que consegue mediar aprendizagem para até dezoito crianças, simultaneamente. Ao dar voz a esses professores, estabeleceu-se um diálogo. Pudemos, então, desvendar a desigualdade social e as contradições da escola no campo e não do campo. Para o apoio teórico tomamos por base os estudos de Sérgio Leite (1999); Jadir Pessoa (1997); Carlos Brandão (1990); Julieta Calazans (1993); Márcia Regina Andrade e Maria Clara Di Pierro ([20--]); Edgar Kolling, Nery e Mônica Molina (1999) em relação ao estudo da pesquisa no sentido da educação no campo. O fundamento para as discussões foi encontrado em Marx e Engels (1977); Marilena Chauí (2003); Gaudêncio Frigotto (1995); Miguel Arroyo (1995); Iria Brzezinski, Maria Esperança Carneiro e Wanderley Brito (2004); Acácia Kuenzer (1987); Osmar Fávero (2001); Carlos Jamil Cury (2001) e outros. Procurou-se apreender o movimento, o processo, as contradições (método dialético) no materialismo histórico (metodologia) que buscam os fundamentos das sociedades nas formações sócio-históricas e na relação de produção. Tomando por fundamentação o materialismo dialético, esta pesquisa fez um recorte para conhecer e tornar evidente a realidade dos professores de sala multisseriada, dos alunos e pais. A pesquisa qualitativa foi utilizada para este estudo. Optou-se, também, pelo estudo descritivo/analítico, utilizando as seguintes técnicas: entrevistas abertas, observação livre, anotações de campo e questionário fechado para o levantamento de dados sócio-econômicos. O critério para a seleção dos professores foi que a escola, em que eles trabalham, estivesse situada nas fazendas. O entendimento da tênue linha que separa o urbano do rural apresenta-se quando muitos moradores nas periferias pobres, que se caracterizam mais como produto da degradação da cidade do que, propriamente, do desenvolvimento urbano, acabam tendo uma relação tensa com a cultura urbana. Como trabalhavam no campo, reafirmam sua cultura rural de origem. Explicita, ainda, que a escola rural surge em função de interesses ligados à industrialização e urbanização, recebendo a educação rural tratamento periférico nos textos oficiais, e a Escola do Campo que se distingue pelo vínculo com o trabalho e a cultura do campo. Buscou-se mostrar que o ensino na zona rural passa, no início do século XXI, por um processo de mudança, reivindicada pelos movimentos sociais, acolhendo as vozes esquecidas de grupos sociais subalternos, mas produtores de saberes e formas de sobrevivência. Pertencem a esse grupo os malabaristas , ou seja, os professores da roça , alunos e pais, que em seus depoimentos mostraram uma realidade diversa do discurso das autoridades municipais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Carlos Sena Evangelista.pdf: 1393466 bytes, checksum: b2e8890d6b773cad0d22a1164a3d4ac0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-19 / Fundação Ford / This research aims to reflect on the guarantee of the right to education in the country, analyzing the contradictions of the discourses of students from the schools in the community of Ribeirão Seco (Itabuna-Bahia). These students are transferred from three schools in Ribeirão Seco Community (rural) to urban schools for continuing education because the community is not offered in regular education from the second segment of the elementary school, very least secondary education. The research was based on the policy of appreciating the "voice" of students of radical pedagogy of Henri Giroux (1988), in culture lived in Raymond Williams (1992) and Terry Eagleton (2005), as well as reflections on the Right to Education Carla Dolphin (2005), Carlos Jamil Cury (2002), Roseli Caldart (2002), Monica Molina (2007) and Adelaide Coutinho (2009). This perspective was presented the speech (voice) of the students in Ribeirão Seco on their schooling, their difficulties in studying the relationship with schools and the right to have school in the field. The results of the analysis of the speech of students is that although the existing educational policy in the city of Itabuna not come to be a denial of their right to school education, is at least a limited access of the majority of the field at the level highest education, consequence of the lack of schools in the final years of primary and secondary education / A presente investigação teve por finalidade refletir sobre a garantia do direito à educação no campo, analisando as contradições expressas nos discursos dos estudantes oriundos de escolas da comunidade do Ribeirão Seco (Itabuna-Bahia). Esses alunos são transferidos de três escolas da Comunidade do Ribeirão Seco (área rural) para escolas urbanas para a continuidade da escolarização porque na comunidade não é ofertado o ensino regular a partir do segundo segmento do Ensino Fundamental, muito menos ensino médio. A pesquisa foi fundamentada na proposta de valorização da voz dos alunos defendida na pedagogia radical de Henri Giroux (1988), na noção de cultura vivida em Raymond Williams (1992) e Terry Eagleton (2005), bem como nas reflexões sobre o direito à educação em Carla Boto (2005), Carlos Jamil Cury (2002), Roseli Caldart (2002), Mônica Molina (2007) e Adelaide Coutinho (2009). Dessa perspectiva foi apresentado o discurso (a voz) dos estudantes do Ribeirão Seco sobre seu percurso escolar, suas dificuldades para estudar, a relação com as escolas e o direito a ter escola no campo. Os resultados da análise indicam que, embora a política educacional existente no município de Itabuna não chega a ser uma negação de seu direito à educação escolar, não supera a limitação de acesso da maioria da população do campo aos níveis mais elevados de escolaridade, por contas da inexistência de escolas no campo com os anos finais do ensino fundamental e ensino médio

Nas comunidades rurais, um número importante de organizações, associações e grupos de diferentes tipos gera uma atividade e um impacto importante sobre as interações e a vida dos seus vizinhos. Tradicionalmente, a participação das mulheres nas organizações não tem sido valorizada o suficiente, sendo pouco reconhecida a contribuição delas para os processos que promovem o desenvolvimento e a vida das localidades. Nesta tese, visa-se explorar as formas e mecanismos mediante os quais a participação das mulheres nestas organizações se transforma em uma contribuição fundamental para a geração de capital social e de recursos associativos que ajudam a alargar e produzir novas formas de cidadania. Nesse sentido, são estudadas as formas especializadas de participação feminina nos diferentes tipos de organizações, as predisposições a agrupar-se e a formar coletivos e o relacionamento dos vizinhos com o Estado. A partir do trabalho realizado para a tese, foi possível observar que nas comunidades rurais, embora homens e mulheres colaborem na produção de mecanismos de geração de cidadania ampliada, as mulheres desempenham um papel essencial no que diz respeito à transmissão e reprodução de uma série de normas e valores que conformam a base da cidadania, bem como das próprias formas de exercício dela. / In rural communities a large number of different kind of organizations, associations and groups produces an activity and a significant impact on interactions and lives of their neighbors. Traditionally the participation of women in the organizations has not been enough valued, and the contribution that they make on development has little regocgnition. This thesis explores the ways and mechanisms that allow women’s participation become a fundamental contribution to generate social capital and community resources to widen and produce new forms of citizenship. It explores the specialized forms that women has to participate in different types of organizations, as well as the predispositions to join together and create groups. Also the relationship of the neighbors with the State. Through the work done for the thesis, was possible to observe that in rural communities men and women work together in the generation of enlarged citizenship, however women have an essential work in regards to the transmission and reproduction of norms and values which are the basis of citizenship, as well as the exercise of that same citizenship.