Saugos kultūra – pacientų saugos elementas nukreiptas sumažinti žalą pacientui, kuri gali būti padaryta teikiant jam sveikatos priežiūros paslaugas. Tikslas – Įvertinti Kauno regiono greitosios medicinos pagalbos tarnybų darbo vietos saugos kultūrą. Tyrimo metodas: 2012 metų kovo–gegužės mėnesiais atlikta vienmomentinė anoniminė apklausa. Tyrime dalyvavo aštuonių Kauno regiono greitosios medicinos pagalbos tarnybų darbuotojai (N=325, atsako dažnis 82,9 proc.). Tyrimui naudotas Požiūrio į saugą klausimynas (The Emergency Medical Services Safety Attitudes Questionnaire – EMS–SAQ). Nustatyta GMP Požiūrio į saugą klausimyno pakankamai aukštas vidinis nuoseklumas (α=0,822). Rezultatai: Kauno regiono greitosios medicinos pagalbos tarnybų specialistai, vertindami septynias saugos kultūros sritis, aukščiausiais teigiamais įverčiais vertino komandinio darbo (76,34 balai), pasitenkinimo darbu (76,49 balai) ir vadovų požiūrio į saugą sritis (75,98 balai). Žemiausiais balais darbuotojai vertino streso pripažinimo ir nepageidaujamų įvykių raiškos sritis, atitinkamai – 49,62 ir 37,24 balai. Komandinį darbą ir vadovų požiūrį į saugą dažniau teigiamai vertino slaugytojai, lyginant su GMP vairuotojais, o paramedikai labiau teigiamai vertino pasitenkinimą darbu, lyginant su gydytojais (p<0,05). Gydytojai ir paramedikai dažniau pripažino stresą, lyginant su slaugytojais ir vairuotojais (p<0,01). Daugiau kvietimų per metus atliekantys darbuotojai dažniau teigiamai vertino saugos klimato... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Safety culture is the element of patient safety that purposes to decrease the damage to the patient that may be done during provision of health care service. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety culture at the workplace of emergency medical service at Kaunas region. Material and methods: Anonymous survey was conducted on March-May in 2012. The staff from eight emergency medical service institutions at Kaunas region took part in the survey (N=325 with response rate of 82.9 %). The Emergency Medical Services Safety Attitudes Questionnaire – EMS–SAQ was used after the permission by the authors was issued. The internal consistency of translated and adapted instrument was sufficiently high (Cronbach α=0,822). Results: The staff of emergency medical service of Kaunas region evaluated six dimensions of safety culture rating team work (76.34 scores), work satisfaction (76.49 scores) and perceptions of management at the highest level (75.98 scores). The lowest ratings were related to stress recognition and present of adverse events, respectively – 49.62 and 37.24 scores. Nurses scored the team work and perceptions of management more positive in comparison to drivers; paramedics have had more positive attitudes towards work satisfaction than physicians. Physicians and paramedics recognised stress more often in comparison to nurses and drivers. The attitudes towards a safety climate, perceptions of management and work satisfaction were more positive in... [to full text]

Patient safety is of particular importance within intensive care units (ICUs), where critically ill, vulnerable patients receive complex multidisciplinary care. Prior research has indicated that improving patient safety and reducing errors within healthcare requires a focus on systems and organisational culture issues. This thesis was concerned with three studies. One focused on assessing the patient safety culture and two on quality improvement initiatives within an intensive care unit (ICU) of a large teaching hospital. The first study involved a survey of ICU consultant, registrar and nursing staff regarding aspects of safety culture. This was conducted using an existing Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Of the twelve patient safety culture composites assessed, eight had scores lower than 50%, highlighting these as areas for improvement. Overall, while the survey results revealed that teamwork within the ICU was considered a strength, event reporting and patient care handovers and transitions were both considered areas with potential for improvement. The second study focused on the evaluation of a change initiative designed to improve the handover of patient clinical information in the ICU. This study involved a survey and interviews with consultant, registrar and nursing staff before and after the introduction of a Patient Management, Plan and Progress (PMPP) document. Examination of the survey responses involved both quantitative and qualitative analysis; respondent interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of this study revealed resistance to, and criticisms of, the introduction of the PMPP document; the initiative failed and use of the document was discontinued. The second initiative concerned an evaluation of the impact of a hospital-wide document on improving documentation of withdrawal of patient treatment within the ICU. This involved both quantitative and qualitative analysis, with a patient medical record audit of decisions to withdraw patient treatment within the ICU before and after the introduction of an Advance Care Plan (ACP) document. ICU consultant, registrar and nursing staff were interviewed regarding the process of withdrawal of patient treatment within the ICU. Interview transcripts were analysed using a modified grounded theory approach. Results revealed that the attempt to improve the documentation of withdrawal of treatment within the ICU failed, with the ACP document remaining unused in 89% of cases and incomplete in the remaining 11%. Also, documentation of decision-making and of the process within the medical records did not improve. Before-introduction findings revealed that only 26% of medical records met the pre-existing requirements for treatment withdrawal in the ICU, and after-introduction findings revealed that only 19% of medical records audited met the requirements of the ACP document. After-audit findings also revealed significant and inappropriate increases in the involvement of an ICU registrar both as primary and secondary decision-makers. In spite of an increased awareness of ICU staff concerning the importance of improving documentation, the medical record audit revealed less compliance with the standards required for documentation. Possible reasons for the document remaining essentially unused, as revealed from interviews with staff, included: previous criticisms by the coroner when they failed to complete a similar formalised document properly; perceived logistical issues associated with obtaining required staff signatures; disagreement concerning who should be involved in documenting the withdrawal of treatment process; and the existence of an ICU subculture of practice that, in one particular aspect of documentation, was not consistent with established hospital and ICU protocol and documentation requirements. The final chapter of this thesis considered implications of the results of the studies for the planning, development, implementation and evaluation of improvement programs within the ICU setting. The results were considered within the context of organisational change management theory and research, including factors that have been found to be critical in the success or failure of change programs, such as resistance to change, the involvement of key stakeholders in the change process, leadership, communication and organisational culture. It is suggested that management consultants with organisational change expertise in the planning, development, implementation and evaluation of such programs should be involved in future quality improvement initiatives. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1297608 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2007

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:47:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LivaGGF_DISSERT.pdf: 1222166 bytes, checksum: 880b584c8c56e4cbea7f570ca7c755fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-04 / Since the publication of the report "To Err is Human" by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) , which estimated that between 44.000 to 98.000 Americans die annually as a result of errors in health care, patient safety spent gaining prominence, emerging studies assess the safety culture by measuring the safety climate. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify safety culture perceived by nursing professionals working in the intensive care unit of a maternity school in Natal/RN through the Security Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). This was a descriptive study, cross-sectional and quantitative approach undertaken in the Intensive Care Unit Maternal and Neonatal a maternity school in Natal/RN. The project was submitted to and approved by Brazil Platform Zip/UFRN under number 309 540 and CAAE 16489713.7.0000.5537. It was used to collect data two instruments: a questionnaire in order to collect socio-demographic data of the subjects and the Question?rio Atitudes de Seguran?a , a cultural adaptation to Portuguese of the instrument of the World Health Organization titled Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - (SAQ ) Short Form 2006. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively by the organization in electronic databases in Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheet and exported to statistical software for free access to be coded, tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study included a total of 50 nurses, 31 and 19 of the NICU Maternal ICU, predominantly female, mean age 35 years, median time of 10 years training and working in maternity, mostly, less than 05 anos. As a result, two articles were produced. The first refers to the first two domains of the instrument entitled "climate of teamwork" and "climate security" . The scores of the two areas were slightly higher in Maternal ICU compared to the NICU, but no sector has reached the ideal minimum score of 75: in the first domain Maternal ICU had an average of 74.77, with medians of 75 and 100, while Neonatal ICU reached an average of 69.61 with median also 75 and 100, while the second field means were 69.35 and 66.01 for Maternal and Neonatal ICUs respectively, with a median of 100 in the two sectors. The second article relates to the field "Perception Management Unit and Hospital", which 9 assessed the perception of management units and motherhood by professionals. In general, the items of the domain in question also obtained scores below the ideal minimum: 63.68 to 51.02 and maternal ICU for neonatal, featuring a clear separation between the management and the professionals who work in direct care. These findings indicate a warning sign for the institution and point to the need to implement actions aimed at patient safety / A partir da publica??o do relat?rio Errar ? Humano pelo Institute of Medicine (IOM), o qual estimou que entre 44.000 e 98.000 americanos morrem anualmente em decorr?ncia de erros da assist?ncia ? sa?de, a seguran?a do paciente passou ganhar destaque, surgindo estudos que avaliam a cultura de seguran?a atrav?s da mensura??o do clima de seguran?a. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a cultura de seguran?a percebida pelos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam nas unidades de terapia intensiva de uma maternidade-escola em Natal/RN, atrav?s do Question?rio Atitudes de Seguran?a (SAQ). Tratou-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Materna e Neonatal de uma maternidade-escola na cidade de Natal/RN. O projeto foi submetido ? Plataforma Brasil e aprovado pelo CEP/UFRN sob o n?mero 309.540 e CAAE 16489713.7.0000.5537. Utilizaram-se para a coleta de dados dois instrumentos: um question?rio com a finalidade de coletar dados sociodemogr?ficos dos sujeitos e o Question?rio Atitudes de Seguran?a, uma adapta??o transcultural para a l?ngua portuguesa do instrumento da Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de intitulado Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) Short Form 2006. Os dados coletados foram analisados quantitativamente atrav?s da organiza??o em banco de dados eletr?nico no Microsoft Excel 2010 e exportados para planilha do SPSS (Statistical Package for the social sciences) vers?o 2.0 para serem codificados, tabulados, e analisados mediante estat?stica descritiva. Participaram do estudo 50 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo 31 da UTI Neonatal e 19 da UTI Materna, predominantemente do sexo feminino, com idade m?dia de 35 anos, tempo de forma??o m?dio de 10 anos e que trabalhavam na maternidade, em sua maioria, havia menos de 5 anos. Como resultado, foram produzidos dois artigos. O primeiro refere-se aos dois primeiros dom?nios do instrumento, intitulados Clima de trabalho em equipe e Clima de seguran?a . Os escores dos dois dom?nios foram ligeiramente mais elevados na UTI Materna se comparada ? UTI Neonatal, por?m nenhum setor atingiu o escore m?nimo ideal de 75: 7 no primeiro dom?nio a UTI Materna obteve m?dia de 74,77, com medianas de 75 e 100, e a UTI Neonatal atingiu m?dia de 69,61 com medianas tamb?m de 75 e 100; enquanto que no segundo dom?nio as m?dias foram de 69,35 e 66,01 para as UTIs Materna e Neonatal respectivamente, com mediana de 100 nos dois setores. O segundo artigo diz respeito ao dom?nio Percep??o da Ger?ncia da Unidade e do Hospital , que avaliou a percep??o da ger?ncia das unidades e da maternidade por parte dos profissionais. Em geral, os itens do dom?nio em quest?o tamb?m obtiveram escores aqu?m do m?nimo ideal: 63,68 para a UTI Materna e 51,02 para a Neonatal, caracterizando um evidente distanciamento entre a gest?o e os profissionais que atuavam na assist?ncia direta. Tais achados indicam um sinal de alerta para a institui??o e apontam para a necessidade de implementar a??es que visem a seguran?a do paciente

This thesis deals with the issue of fire protection of historical buildings in the Czech and Slovak Republics. Input information that was used in the thesis were obtained from the literature or other freely accessible sources, the Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic, the Fire and Rescue Service of the Slovak Republic and the owners or managers of buildings. The main objective is to evaluate the facilities of selected historical buildings in terms of fire protection. According the objective has been defined the research question "Are the monuments in the territory of the Czech and Slovak Republic secured in a comparable level against the risk of fire?". An integral part is also proposing possible technical and technological elements and organizational measures which may lead to increased fire safety of monuments on the territory of the two abovementioned republics. Fulfillment of goals was possible, based on our investigation, when the first identification of monuments in the Czech and Slovak Republics, whose owners, respectively. Administrators were asked to complete a questionnaire containing questions related to fourteen facilities surveyed the building fire safety equipment and material means of fire protection. The completion of that survey were also asked at the same time members of the Fire and Rescue Service geographically relevant regions of the Czech Republic and members of the Fire and Rescue Corps of the Slovak Republic. Specifically, there were members who are employed in divisions or departments of fire prevention of the competent authorities of the state fire supervision. After evaluating the data collected through questionnaires and in some cases based on electronic correspondence or telephone conversations has been possible to answer the research question. Based on available information it is apparently that the fire protection of historical buildings in the Czech and Slovak Republic are treated by the authorities, not only the state fire supervision, but also themselves owners or facility managers very seriously and the fire safety of these monuments can be described as comparable. Unfortunately, in the research failed to varify the availability of surveyed historical buildings for vehicles of emergency fire-fighting units, which was based on the results of the analysis identified as one of the most risky points of fire protection of monuments. It can therefore only consider whether the availability of objects of that type in terms driveways is satisfactory. Proposing of possible measures is done on the basis of not only the information collected from facility managers and bodies of the state fire supervision of both republics, but also on the basis of the KARS analysis, which aimed to identify the most threatening phenomena which could have a negative impact on the status quo of monuments, in terms of fire protection. Answering a defining research questions and performing the analysis using method KARS has been achieved the objective of this thesis. In addition to the methodology and outcomes of the research are in the thesis presented brief information concerning fire protection in the age of the buildings and structures construction, which are currently presents as heritage buildings, and basic information of the principles of fire protection of historical monuments under applicable laws of the Czech and Slovak Republic. Fire protection of historical buildings has been underestimated for years. Currently, in connection with the ensuing fires significant buildings of historical value, it is to safeguard of historical buildings against the emergence and spread of a fire and how to dispose of potential fire utmost importance. As in other areas or sectors, as well as in fire protection of historic buildings is particularly important in the prevention, thus adopting such a system of measures to prevent a fire, or if there is a fire that damages caused by extraordinary events are possible smallest.

Introdução: A segurança do paciente tornou-se uma preocupação formal em diversos sistemas de saúde no mundo nas últimas décadas. Em 2004 a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) propõe a Aliança para segurança do paciente e aponta a avaliação da cultura de segurança nas instituições de saúde como um dos aspectos chave para esse processo. Método: pesquisa transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizada em um hospital de ensino no interior do estado de são Paulo entre os meses de março e abril de 2014. A população de estudo foi composta por todos os profissionais que faziam parte da escala de trabalho das unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) adulto, pediátrica e neonatal e não se enquadravam no critério de exclusão (menos de 6 meses na unidade). Foram aplicados dois instrumentos para avaliação da cultura e clima de segurança do paciente, o Hospital Survey on Patient Safety (HSOPSC) e o Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), e um instrumento para levantamento das informações sociodemográficas e profissionais. Para a análise de dados utilizou-se o teste de confiabilidade das escalas pelo Alfa de Cronbach. Foi verificada a presença de associações das escalas com variáveis de estudo pelo qui-quadrado de Pearson ou teste exato de Fischer nas variáveis qualitativas, a ANOVA para as variáveis quantitativas. A presença de correlação entre os instrumentos SAQ e HPSOPSC foi verificada pelo teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultado: os dados sociodemográficos quanto a sexo e idade e cargo foram homogêneos nas três UTI. A UTI Neonatal possuía profissionais com mais tempo de trabalho na unidade e na especialidade quando comparada as demais unidades. Ambas as escalas apresentaram boa confiabilidade pelo alfa de Cronbach, 0,853 para o SAQ e 0,889 para o HSPOSC. Na análise dos domínios do SAQ, observou-se pontuação 62 para as Condições de Trabalho e para Percepções da Gerência, enquanto para o HSPOSC a dimensão Resposta não punitiva aos erros obteve o menor percentual de repostas positivas (29,6%), e as dimensões Abertura da comunicação e Retorno da comunicação e das informações sobre o erro uma proporção de neutros maior de 30%. A nota total de segurança do paciente pelo HSPOSC foi de 85% (somados ótima e muito boa). Analisando-se o comportamento das UTIs através de cada escala, a UTI Neonatal apresentou maior satisfação no trabalho do que as demais UTIs. A UTI Adulto apresentou menores pontuações em cada domínio quando comparada com as demais e para os domínios do HSPOSC somente o domínio Abertura de comunicação obteve uma proporção de respostas positivas discretamente superior às demais UTIs. A correlação entre as escalas através da correlação de Pearson foi de força moderada (coeficiente de Pearson de 0,656). As respostas abertas evidenciaram que as mudanças ocorridas no hospital em decorrência dos processos de acreditação, contribuíram para a melhor percepção dos profissionais sobre a segurança do paciente. Conclusões: há diferenças de percepções quanto a segurança do paciente entre as UTIs dentro de um mesmo hospital, o que corrobora com a existência de microculturas locais. As escalas de avaliação de clima/ cultura de segurança do paciente parecem medir fenômenos semelhantes. / Introduction: Patient safety has become a formal concern in several health systems in the world, in the last decades. In 2004 the World Health Organization (WHO) proposes the Alliance for patient safety and aims safety culture evaluation in healthcare institutions as one of the key aspects to this process. Method: Cross-sectional quantitative research approach, performed in a teaching hospital in São Paulo State between the months of March and April 2014. The study population was composed of all the professional who were part of the work schedule of intensive care unit (ICU) adult, pediatric and neonatal and did not fit the exclusion criteria (less than six months in the unit). Two instruments for assessing the culture environment and patient safety, the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety (HSOPSC) the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), and an instrument for survey of demographic and professional information were applied. For data analysis, the test of reliability of the scales by Cronbachs alpha was used. The presence of associations of scales with study variables was checked by Pearsons chi-square test or Fishers exact test in the qualitative variables, the ANOVA for quantitative variables. The presence of correlation between the SAQ and the HPSOPSC instruments was tested by Pearson correlation test. Result: sociodemographic data regarding gender and age and position were homogenous in the three ICUs. Professional of the Neonatal ICU had worked longer time in this unit and specialty when compared to other units. Both scales showed good reliability by Cronbachs alpha, 0.853 for SAQ and 0.889 for HSPOSC. In the analysis of the SAQ domains, it was observed score 62 for Working Conditions and Perceptions of Management, while for HSPOSC dimension Non-punitive Response to Error had the lowest percentage of positive responses (29.6%), the dimension Open Communication and Return of Communication and Information on the Error a proportion of neutral responses more than 30%. The total score of patient safety by HSPOSC was 85% (summed up great and very good). Analyzing the behavior of ICUs through each scale, Neonatal ICU had higher job satisfaction than the other ICUs. Adult ICU had lower scores in each domain compared to other domains and for HSPOSC only the area Open Communication obtained the proportion of positive responses slightly superior to the other ICUs. The correlation between the scales through Pearson correlation was of moderate strength (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.656). The open responses showed that changes in hospital as a result of accreditation processes, contributed to a better perception of professionals about patient safety. Conclusions: There are differences in perceptions of patient safety among ICUs within the same hospital, which corroborates the existence of local microcultures. Rating scales of climate/culture of patient safety seems to measure similar phenomena.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-06-08T19:06:45Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Lucass Nunes de Melo - 2016 - Parte 1.pdf: 1791 bytes, checksum: f4bca48a4fa3209f71b21171b4042162 (MD5) Dissertação - Lucass Nunes de Melo - 2016 - Parte 2.pdf: 1338986 bytes, checksum: 44c1106298d780e8b898b530f9c57a6b (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-09T11:37:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Lucass Nunes de Melo - 2016 - Parte 1.pdf: 1791 bytes, checksum: f4bca48a4fa3209f71b21171b4042162 (MD5) Dissertação - Lucass Nunes de Melo - 2016 - Parte 2.pdf: 1338986 bytes, checksum: 44c1106298d780e8b898b530f9c57a6b (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-09T11:37:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Lucass Nunes de Melo - 2016 - Parte 1.pdf: 1791 bytes, checksum: f4bca48a4fa3209f71b21171b4042162 (MD5) Dissertação - Lucass Nunes de Melo - 2016 - Parte 2.pdf: 1338986 bytes, checksum: 44c1106298d780e8b898b530f9c57a6b (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-11 / It is essential that the production and the prevention of accidents keep up inseparable in the organizational environment. In this context the safety culture seeks a healthy and safe environment. Thus, we conducted a case study on an automaker through qualitative research and the participation of 43 employees in the interviewing process to verify the safety culture in the worker's perspective. The utterances of these were compared with the safety culture proposed by the International Atomic Energy Agency. The qualitative data analysis was supported by WEBQDA application by the award three units of meaning, and following aspects: institutional, behavioral and relationship in SST. After data analysis, it was possible to infer that in the workers perspective , the organization's safety culture is based on the use of personal protective equipment, the supervision and training for work, seeking the reduction of accidents. We conclude that the company's safety culture is in line with the recommendations by the IAEA, but it is necessary the involvement of senior management on issues related to health and safety.It is also recommended conducting periodic educational campaigns to promote and solidify the safety culture in the company. / É essencial que a produção e a prevenção de acidentes se mantenham indissociáveis no ambiente organizacional. Neste contexto, a cultura de segurança busca um ambiente saudável e seguro. Desse modo, realizamos um estudo de caso em uma montadora de automóveis, por meio da pesquisa qualitativa e da participação de 43 trabalhadores no processo de entrevistas para verificar a cultura de segurança na perspectiva do trabalhador. As verbalizações dos mesmos foram comparadas com a cultura de segurança proposta pelo International Atomic Energy Agency. A análise dos dados qualitativos foi apoiada pelo aplicativo WEBQDA, mediante atribuição de três núcleos de sentido, sendo eles os aspectos: Institucionais, Comportamentais e de Relacionamento em SST. Após análise dos dados, foi possível inferir que, na visão dos trabalhadores, a cultura de segurança da organização está baseada no uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, na fiscalização e na capacitação para o trabalho, buscando a redução de acidentes. Concluímos que a cultura de segurança da empresa está de acordo com o preconizado pelo IAEA, porém, o envolvimento da alta direção em questões ligadas à Saúde e à Segurança se faz necessário, além da aplicação de campanhas educativas periódicas para promover e solidificar a cultura de segurança na empresa.

The construction industry has in the current situation twice as many accidents and work-related health issues than other industries. A good safety culture within organizations is what can cover the parts that cannot be caught up by routines and policies, in other words the human behavior. The overall purpose of this study was therefore to investigate how a good safety culture can be promoted within organizations. The research questions comprise safety, routines, goals and expectations experienced by the work group, and how openness around safety can be promoted within organizations. Through qualitative semi-structured interviews, the work group has been able to share their own subjective experiences. The data has been thematically analyzed. The results show that a good safety culture can be promoted by knowledge about the factors that affect the individual’s safety, communication and clarity from the management, to integrate conversations about safety into the day-to-day operations as well as a good understanding of why reporting and documentation are important. The challenges that the work-group faces are primarily to create understanding, involvement and participation, grading risks and integrating systematic work environment work into daily operations. / Bygg- och anläggningsbranschen har i dagsläget dubbelt så många olyckor och arbetsrelaterade sjukdomar jämfört med andra branscher. En god säkerhetskultur inom organisationer är vad som kan täcka de delar som inte kan fångas upp av rutiner och policys, det vill säga det mänskliga beteendet. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka hur en god säkerhetskultur kan främjas inom organisationer. Frågeställningarna innefattar arbetsgruppens upplevda säkerhetsarbete, rutiner, vilka mål och förväntningar som finns samt hur en öppenhet kring säkerhetsfrågor kan främjas. Genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer har arbetsgruppen fått berätta om deras egna subjektiva upplevelser. Datan har analyserats genom tematisk analys och jämförts med tidigare forskning inom organisations- och säkerhetskultur. Resultatet visar att en god säkerhetskultur kan främjas genom kunskap om de faktorer som påverkar individens säkerhet, kommunikation och tydlighet från ledning, utrymme för att integrera samtal om säkerhet i den dagliga verksamheten samt en god förståelse om varför rapportering och dokumentering är viktigt. De utmaningar arbetsgruppen står inför är framförallt att skapa förståelse, involvering och delaktighet, gradera risker samt att integrera det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet på ett naturligt sätt i den dagliga verksamheten.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur medarbetarna upplever att den informella ledaren påverkar säkerhetskultur- och arbete. En kvantitativ metod användes där skillnaden mellan grupperna (de som enbart har en närmsta chef och de som angett att de har både en närmsta chef och en informell ledare) analyserades med ett oberoende t-test. För att mäta samband användes informell och formell ledare som prediktorer och säkerhetskulturen som utfallsvariabel i en multipel regression. Därefter analyserades även flervalsfrågor gällande arbetsuppgifter- och områden i form av deskriptiv statistik. I organisationer som upplever att det finns en formell och informell ledare tycks båda fylla en roll för säkerhetskulturen, men den närmsta chefen upplevs vara av större vikt än den informella ledaren. Inga signifikanta skillnader observerades mellan grupperna. Slutsatsen var att både den formella och informella ledaren spelar en roll inom säkerhetskultur- och arbete, men att den formella ledarens roll är av större vikt. / The purpose of this study was to research how staff members of an organisation perceive how the informal leader affects the safety culture and safety work. A quantitative method was used where the difference between groups (one group with formal leaders and one group with formal and informal leaders) was analysed with an independent t-test. To measure correlation the informal and formal leaders were used as predictors and safety culture was used as the criterion variable. Multiple choice questions were analysed thereafter in descriptive statistics regarding the work assignments. In organisations where both an informal and formal leaders were perceived, it showed that they both have an effect on safety culture. No significant differences were observed between the groups. The conclusion was that both forms of leaders play a part in safety culture and work, but the formal leader has a bigger part than the informal leader.

Problemformulering: Kunskap om ledarskapets inverkan på riskbeteende och genusföreställningar som framträder i det riskförebyggande arbetet är begränsad och flera studier föreslår att forskningen ska utökas. Genom att undersöka första linjen-chefers uppfattningar av riskbeteenden för att se vilka föreställningar om kvinnor och män som framträder kan en ökad förståelse nås för hur chefer själva upplever att de påverkar, upprätthåller eller förändrar riskbeteenden i arbetsmiljön i förhållande till genus och maskulinitetsnormer. Studien kan ge viktiga implikationer för chefer att arbeta med ur ett genusmedvetet perspektiv för att främja en trygg säkerhetskultur inom mansdominerade branscher. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka och beskriva, ur ett genusperspektiv, första linjen-chefers uppfattningar av riskbeteenden inom yrket fordonsmekaniker och -reparatörer. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tio första linjen-chefer inom fordonsmekaniker och -reparatörbranschen. Datainsamlingen analyserades med en fenomenografisk analys. Huvudresultat: Analysen resulterade i sex beskrivningskategorier som gemensamt beskriver första linjen-chefernas uppfattningar av riskbeteenden inom branschen ur ett genusperspektiv. Chefernas uppfattning var att informella ledare, jargong och kvinnors riskbeteende påverkar riskbeteende och därmed säkerhetskultur i branschen. Chefernas uppfattning var också att de påverkar riskbeteenden och säkerhetskultur genom att vara förebilder och ledare samt genom att använda informella ledare som hjälp. Slutsats: Det framgår av resultatet att cheferna beskriver en situation där riskbeteenden påverkas av informella ledares riskbeteenden och där kvinnor och mäns riskbeteenden beskrivs bero på det biologiska könet. Arbetsmiljöarbete med ett genusperspektiv kan bidra med kunskap om att genus är socialt konstruerat och att män och kvinnor inte beter oss olika för att vi har biologiskt olika kön, utan på grund av socialt konstruerade förväntningar på hur vi bör bete oss. Resultatet går i linje med studiens teoretiska ramverk, att kvinnor och mäns riskbeteende beskrivs som olika på grund av det biologiska könet vilket kan påverka riskbeteende. / Aim: The aim was to investigate and describe, from a gender perspective, first-line managers' conceptions of risk behavior in the profession of automotive mechanics and repairers. Method: A semi-structured interview study was conducted on ten first-line managers. The data collection was analyzed with a phenomenographic analysis. Main results: The analysis resulted in six description categories: The managers' conceptions were that informal leaders, jargon and women's risk behaviour affect risk behaviour and thus safety culture. Managers also believed that they influence risk behaviors and safety culture by being role models and leaders, and by using informal leaders for help. Conclusion: Managers describe a situation where risk behaviours in the industry are mostly affected by the risk behaviours of informal leaders and where women and men's risk behaviours are described as due to the biological sex. Promoting occupational health from a gender perspective in male dominated industries can contribute with knowledge that risk behaviour is affected by socially constructed expectations of how we should behave.

Many modern-day industries share features of tight coupling and high complexity, making it difficult to describe incidents in terms of direct attribution. This situation has been answered by novel theories on the bonds between people and their environment. Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) offers a new way of analysing human activities, acknowledging the impact of complex interaction and unpredictability. Doing so allows for innovative ways of pursuing work safety. In this study, the concept of safety culture has been interpreted from a CSE perspective and applied in a qualitative assessment of current safety work of at SSAB EMEA. A total number of 26 SSAB employees were interviewed, probing attitudes, perceptions and safety system structures at the Oxelösund steel mill, rolling mill and upper organizational layers. Additional data was collected using informers, SSAB documentation and participatory observation. Data was processed using a combination of top-down and bottom-up analytical approaches, creating a qualitative assessment of safety culture from salient themes. Results reveal an advanced state of safety management. However, management’s intentions are inhibited by issues in management presence and communication, management training, worker influence, forms and content of operator training, reporting, feedback, flow of communication and safety-related core assumptions. Revisiting lessons learned within the field of CSE, suggestions are made to possible areas of improvement and future research. These suggestions concern employee involvement in safety work, work identities, forms of training, manager roles and communication.