From the 1820s an ever present feature of most British ports has been the voluntary societies, little- studied before, offering spiritual and social welfare support to serving seafarers. The perspective taken in this study is that although there were numerous individual societies voluntary effort for seafarers constitutes a single movement. The continued existence of many societies well into the twentieth century suggests that the movement should be examined longitudinally in order to assess its contribution in relation to the changing context in which such welfare operated. To establish the internal operations of seamen's missions and. sailors' homes. the records of a selprtirnn nflarge and small societies quantifiable data as well as Particular attention has been target population - seafarers using contemporary sources; using public records, and to changing religious context has that of of social policy, a welfare state. have been examined for other forms of evidence. paid to the nature of the - and the situation in port, to involvement of the State the industrial context. The been examined closely, as has s it progressed towards the The study reveals the considerable voluntary effort which contributed to the movement, confirming the wide coverage of British ports which was achieved and the extent to which it was able to match the growing numbers of seafarers. The product of evangelical interest in the well-being of others, there was particular concern for rescuing the seafarer from the evils of port districts, especially crimping. Though to many seafarers. marginal in religious terms, seafarers' charities were more significant in social terms as the sole providers of social support throughout much of the period of this study. Although some local societies survived to the 1970s, by the 1890s the movement had changed from a mass of local societies to domination by the branch networks of a few national societies. Apart from control of seafaring employment, State intervention was not significant in seafaring welfare except in the 1940s, while the role of the shipping industry was small. The decline of the movement in Britain was linked with the effects of inflation, changing patterns of seafaring and the decline of the British shipping industry. In the broader religious and social welfare contexts, seamen's missions and homes were typical products of the nineteenth century and in their evolution to 1970 paralleled closely developments in religion and social welfare in Britain.

BackgroundThe rough labour market in the Philippines affects the employability. The Philippines has a unemployment rate of in-between 7-8 percent. Therefore, many Filipinos are seeking employment overseas. Today, ten percent of the population are working on the globalized market. The globalization has affected the industry, where 28 percent of the entire worlds seafarers are Filipinos. Previous researches establish that Filipinos are popular because of their knowledge in English and due to their adaptability.PurposeOur aim is to examine why a group of Filipino seafarers choose their profession. The aim is also to examine how they experience their work on international vessels, as well as if they experience any changes in life when working as international seafarers.MethodWe made a qualitative study through a ship management located in Manila in the Philippines. We used semi-structured interviews, which were applied on ten seafarers.ResultsOur respondents mention the well-paid wages as an important reason when choosing to work as a seafarer. The wages are significant in order to support family members and to have the opportunity to live a wealthy life. The seafarers are working long periods away from home that causes homesickness. A good relationship with the crew is for many seafarers important, since they are living and working together. / Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället

The overall aim of the study was to examine work environment factors within the maritime industry. For this purpose a new measurement tool for work environment on board ships was developed. Further aims of the study were the examination of organizational culture, occupational stress and job satisfaction. 215 seafarers from 24 ships participated in the study. The response rate was at 35% for the whole sample. In order to investigate differences in organizational culture, a multivariate analysis was conducted, which revealed significant differences in organizational culture due to nationality and hierarchical position. In order to examine predictors of job satisfaction, multiple hierarchical block regression analysis were performed. Occupational stress and organizational culture emerged as significant predictors of job satisfaction. Especially relationships with co-workers and relationships with superiors emerged as predictive for job satisfaction. Social support and feedback from superiors showed the strongest predictive power for job satisfaction. The results in the study emphasize the importance of nationality and hierarchical position as important variables for measuring organizational culture. In addition, the importance of social relationships between co-workers and superiors are discussed. The aim of the study was to examine whether there were significant differences in organizational culture on board ships when looking at the variables nationality, hierarchical position and ship type. 215 Norwegian and Filipino seafarers from 24 ships participated in the study. The response rate was at 35% for the whole sample. Multivariate analysis revealed overall significant differences for the seven culture dimensions. In addition a significant difference of nation on the two factors (2) Working with the opposite gender and (3) Social support and feedback given by superiors emerged. Further multivariate analyses showed resulted in overall significant differences between hierarchical positions on organizational culture and especially on the factor (3) Emotional involvement in co-workers problems. The results emphasize the importance of including variables as nationality and hierarchical position when studying organizational culture within the maritime industry. The aim of the study was to examine the dimensions stress and organizational culture as predictors of job satisfaction within the specific conditions of the occupation of seafarers. In addition the impact of Social support and feedback given by superiors on job satisfaction was examined. 215 Norwegian and Filipino seafarers with different ranks from 24 different ships participated in this study. 97 of the respondents reported to be Officers/Managers and 87 of the respondents Ratings/Subordinates. The response rate was 35, 5 % for the entire sample. Multiple hierarchical block regression analysis were performed and revealed both stress and organizational culture as significant predictors of overall job satisfaction. Especially relationships with co-workers and relationships with superiors emerged as predictive for job satisfaction as a part of organizational culture. As predicted the factor Social support and feedback given by superiors had great predictive power for job satisfaction. The results emphasize the importance of organizational culture and especially relationships between the employees on board a ship.

A partir d’une ethnographie réalisée à bord de quatre navires différents, la thèse invite à une réflexion sur la notion de fluidité commerciale entendue comme recherche permanente de la continuité et de la circulation des marchandises. Se détachant d’une analyse globale du flux, la thèse s’intéresse à la manière dont celui-ci se construit, se négocie, se refuse au cœur de l’activité des marins embarqués. Parce que la genèse de cette fluidité trouve ses origines sur terre, la première partie offre un éclairage sur les multiples acteurs gravitant autour du navire : Etats, armateurs, affréteurs, intermédiaires, et organisations de contrôle, constituent le « macro-système-technique » du fret maritime qui alimentent, affrètent, assistent et contrôlent le navire. La deuxième partie montre comment la prédominance de cette logique de fluidité s’est traduite par la mise en place d’un marché du travail international, dont l’objectif est d’avoir à disposition un facteur travail libre, pouvant suivre les fluctuations des navires. Source d’instabilités nouvelles, cette ouverture des marchés nationaux du travail appelle toutefois à de nouvelles régulations. Enfin, la troisième partie montre que, du fait de collectifs de travail éclatés, des risques du navire, et de l’impératif de continuité, l’activité des marins de commerce se caractérise par de multiples formes d’arrangements et de bricolages. Isolé et replié sur son huis-clos le navire apparaît comme une entité prise au cœur d’un réseau complexe, faisant intervenir de multiples acteurs. Dans ce réseau, la continuité s’obtient au prix de négociation et de compromis fragiles. Elle se nourrit d’un contrôle rapproché du navire et de l’activité des marins, qui ne remet cependant pas en cause l’isolement du bateau puisque, sur bien des aspects, cet isolement est une condition centrale de cette fluidité. / Based on an ethnography realised aboard four different ships, the dissertation encourages reflexion over the notion of commercial fluidity, understood as the the ongoing search of consistency and the movement of goods. Instead of working on an overall analysis of the flow, the dissertation focuses on the way this flow is built, negotiated and is denied within the work of the seamen. As this concept of fluidity was originally conceived on land, the first part of the dissertation provides insights into the numerous players revolving around the ship and its activity: States, shipowners, charterers, intermediaries and monitoring organisations form the « technical macro-system » of the maritime freight by supplying, chartering, assisting and monitoring the ship. The second part demonstrates how the prevalence of this system of fluidity resulted in the development of a global labour market aimed at having an free labour factor that is able to adapt to the fluctuations of the ship. Leading to new instabilities, the opening-up of national labour markets requires on the other hand the introduction of new regulations. Last but not least, the third part demonstrates that, as a result of the fragmentation of labour collectives, the risks associated with vessel navigation as well as the necessity of maintaining consistency, the activity of merchant seafarers is characterised by many types of arrangements and deals. Isolated and folded on itself, the ship appears as an entity involving many actors and located at the heart of a large and complex network. Within this network, consistency is obtained through negotiation and delicate compromise. This consistency is driven by a close monitoring of the ship and the seafarers activity, which does not undermine the isolation of the ship however since this isolation is a condition to fluidity.

This research was an attempt at a social construction of an understanding that came into being through the collaboration between the researcher and the co-researchers concerning the life and circumstances of seafarers. The purpose of this construction was to participate, together with the co-researchers, in developing a research narrative that can be beneficial to seafarers. The aim is for it to lead to their emancipation and empowerment. The title of this research indicates that this is a hermeneutical adventure. It is hermeneutical because it is about a construction of meaning and about coming to an understanding. It is an adventure because whatever meaning and understanding was constructed in the end was unknown at the beginning. New knowledge was constructed in which all who participated had a say. The development of this research narrative was guided by the ABDCE formula which uses the metaphor of research as story writing. The researcher’s epistemology was informed by the notions of social constructionism, the narrative approach based on social constructionism and postfoundationalism. Theological issues in this research had to do with postfoundationalist practical theology, with its emphasis on embeddedness, contextuality and particularity while also trying to move beyond the local. In addition to this there was also a focus on missiology and the concept of Missio Dei was emphasised. Seafaring is still a dangerous profession where the seafarers many times find themselves being powerless in situations of injustice. On ships there is a lot of diversity. Men and women from many different religions and cultures have to sail together. Occasionally this causes tension between seafarers, but mostly they are working and living together in harmony. A bigger concern than conflict is that diversity might cause social isolation. Seafarers are willing to endure a lot of hardship and especially seafarers from developing countries are making this sacrifice in order to provide a better future for their families. The relationship between seafaring and the family is an ironic one because the seafarers sail in order to provide for the family, but at the same time sailing takes them away from their loved ones. From the perspective of the researcher three general weaknesses were found as far as the ministry to seafarers is concerned: At times there is lack of a spiritual dimension to the ministry, secondly there is a need for a stronger presence among the seafarers and thirdly more emphasis should be put on involvement with fishers especially as far as justice issues are concerned. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Äventyr, värme och omväxling i livet var några av de anledningar som bidrog till att människor sökte sig till sjöss. Verkligheten såg annorlunda ut då än vad det har kommit till att bli idag. Förr gjordes fler världsomseglingar med fartyg och rederier med svenskt flagg och det spenderades mer tid till kaj. Syftet med detta arbete var att skapa en typ av “handbok”, som beskriver de rättigheter en sjöman kan förvänta sig vid en anställning på utlandsflaggat fartyg som seglar med ett Marine Labour Convention (MLC) avtal. Fokus har legat vid försäkringar, pensioner och social säkerhet. Med en kvalitativ datainsamlingsmetod sågs det till att all insamlad empiri blev noga undersökt vilket gjort arbetet objektivt. Slutsatsen blev således att en sjöman som är skriven i Sverige, mönstrar på ett utlandsflaggat fartyg, med en vilja att flytta utomlands till Kroatien som exempel, kommer till att får mer i lön och betala betydligt mindre i skatt, samtidigt som förmånerna i Sverige nästintill blir detsamma. / Adventure, warmth and change of atmosphere are the reason why many went to sea in the past. Unfortunately, the reality is different today, the ships and shipping companies that sail with the Swedish flag do few world voyages and with little time alongside. The purpose of this study is to create a type of "handbook". The handbook will examine what the minimum rights for a sailor are when sailing onboard a foreign-flagged ship sailing under the MLC agreement. It will also have covered moving abroad, insurances, pensions and social securities. With a qualitative data collection method, it was ensured that all collected empirical material was carefully examined which made this study objective. The conclusion is that a Swedish seafarer residing in Sweden that wants to sign on a foreign-flagged ship with an MLC agreement and is willing to become a Croatian resident and move to Croatia then the seafarer will most likely have a higher salary, have to pay significantly lower taxes and get almost all the same benefits as in Sweden.

Dans le cadre de cette thèse en archéologie grecque, j’ai entrepris de travailler sur l’organisation du commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C., et principalement sur la nature et l'intensité des échanges qui s'opéraient dans cette partie de la Méditerranée à l'époque. Pour mener à bien mon travail, j'ai constitué un nouveau catalogue des épaves grecques que j'ai ensuite confronté aux sources textuelles, épigraphiques, et archéologiques existantes. L'étude attentive des cargaisons des bateaux à laquelle je me livre participe à une meilleure compréhension des acteurs commerciaux de l'époque, des réseaux d'échanges et surtout du véritable rôle joué par Athènes. / In this present thesis concerning Greek Archaeology, I undertook to work on the organization of Greek maritime commerce in Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea during the 5th and 4th century BC. I worked mostly on the trade's nature and intensity occurring in this part of the Mediteranean in this time. In order to carry out my work properly, I established a new catalog of greek shipwrecks, that I then confront with textual, epigraphic and archaeological sources. The careful study of the ship's cargo takes part in a better understanding of the commercial actors, trading network and above all of the importance of Athens at this time.

Darbo tikslas: įvertinti psichologinių ir socialinių darbo sąlygų ir jūrininkų fizines ir psichologine sveikatos sutrikimu sąsajas . Tyrimo metodai: duomenys buvo surinkti vienmomentinės anketinės apklausos būdu, ištyrus 370 Klaipėdos jūrininkų ligoninėje dėl privalomojo sveikatos patikrinimo besikreipiančius jūrininkus. Anoniminės anketinės apklausos būdu, naudojantis norvegų pasiūlytu Negatyvaus elgesio darbe klausimynu, buvo surinkta informacija apie jūrininkų patiriamo negatyvaus elgesio darbe formas, trukmę. Tiriamieji informavos apie diagnozuotus sveikatos sutrikimus. Tirta jūrininkų vidinė darna, potrauminio streso sutrikimo simptomai, minimalūs psichikos sveikatos sutrikimai. Tyrimo duomenys buvo analizuojami statistiškai, taikant SPSS 13,0 for Windows programą. Apskaičiuotas Spirmano koreliacijos koeficientas tikslu įvertinti jūrininkų patiriamo psichologinio teroro darbe sąsajas su gydytojo diagnozuotais fizinės sveikatos sutrikimais bei psichologinės sveikatos rodmenimis. Rezultatai: bent vieną negatyvaus elgesio aktą per 6 mėnesius patyrė 75 proc. jūrininkų savo darbe, 25 proc. jūrininkų nepatyrė nė vieno negatyvaus elgesio akto. Dažno psichologinio teroro jūrininkų darbe paplitimas siekė 3,8 proc., atsitiktinio – 10,1 proc. 2,3 proc. jūrininkų nurodė, kad labai jaučia stresą darbe. Stebėtos statistiškai reikšmingos sąsajos tarp jūrininkų patiriamo psichologinio teroro darbe ir arterinės hipertenzijos (r =0,154), kaklo/peties skausmų (r =0,138), migrenos (r =0,15... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aims of the study–to evaluate the associations between psychological terror in the workplace and adverse health outcomes. Methods. totally 370 seafarers, attending the mandatory health examination in the Marine health care centre. The Lithuanian version of the Norwegian Negative Acts Questionnaire was used for the investigation of the prevalence and duration of negative acts among seafarers. The investigated seafarers were asked about diagnosed by the physician health outcomes over the last twelve months. The questionnaires on the sense of coherence, post-traumatic stress disorder and minor psychological disorders (psychological distress) were distributed as well. The statistical software SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used in the statistical analysis. The associations between psychological terror in the workplace and adverse health outcomes were evaluated by Spirman’s correlation coefficient. Results. 75.0% of the investigated seafarers were exposed to at least one negative act over the last six months, only 25.0% were not exposed. The prevealence of severe bullying was 3.8%, the prevalence of occasional bullying was 10.1%. 2.3% of the investigated seafarers perceived severe stress in the workplace. Statistically significant associations between psychological terror and arterial hypertension (r=0.154), neck/shoulder pain (r=0.138), migraine (r=0.158), diseases, prostate diseases (r=0.122), hand/arm pain (r=0.196), non allergic skin diseases (r=0.138) were observed... [to full text]

Cette thèse se présente sous la forme d’une enquête menée dans une société littorale de Normandie, au XVIIIe siècle, afin d’appréhender les liens qui unissent les gens de mer aux autres habitants du rivage, mais aussi de déterminer ce qui peut les séparer, dans un monde a priori tourné vers la mer. L’étude a pour cadre la rade de la Hougue, sur la côte est du Cotentin, qui abrite la population de Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, objet de nos investigations.Un chapitre liminaire présente les conditions d’ouverture vers le large de ce bourg côtier sous la tutelle d’un maillage institutionnel prégnant, de la paroisse au quartier maritime. Puis, une première partie est consacrée à une étude de démographie historique, au moyen d’une analyse comparative entre le groupe socio-professionnel des gens de mer, qui représente plus de la moitié de la population, et les autres habitants. La reconstitution de plusieurs centaines de destinées a permis de dégager un comportement spécifique de la population maritime, quand il s’agit de convoler ou lorsqu’est venu le temps de rendre l’âme. Une deuxième partie est réservée à l’exploitation des ressources halieutiques et riveraines et à leur évolution, en analysant la façon dont les habitants tirent parti de cet espace convoité. En suivant le notaire lors des prisées, des indices du niveau et du mode de vie sont apparus après avoir ouvert les coffres et les armoires. Enfin, la dernière partie tend à souligner les particularités et les contraintes d’un environnement frontalier qui détermine la vie de tous les Saint-Vaastais, alors que les contours identitaires du groupe des gens de mer se dessinent au moyen de signifiants, dont le principal marqueur est constitué par un service obligatoire sur les vaisseaux de l’État royal, ce qui les différencie profondément du reste de la population. / This thesis is presented in the form of an investigation carried out in an 18th-century coastal society of Normandy, in order to apprehend the ties linking seafarers, people living by and of the sea, with the other inhabitants of the shore, as well as what may separate them, in a world that is, at first glance, turned towards the sea. The framework of the study is the natural harbour of La Hougue, on the east coast of the Cotentin, which shelters the population of Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, the object of our investigations.An introductory chapter presents the conditions of opening onto the high sea off this coastal settlement under the supervision of a vivid institutional meshing, from the parish to the maritime district. Next, a first part is devoted to an historical study of demography, by means of a comparative analysis between the socio-professional group of seafarers, those living by and owing their livelihood to the sea and representing more than half the population, and the other inhabitants. The reconstruction of several hundred destinies has allowed for bringing out the specific behaviour of the maritime population when it comes to marriage or death. A second part is reserved for the exploitation of riparian and halieutic resources and their evolution, analysing the way in which the inhabitants put this coveted area to good use. By following the notary doing estimates, clues to living standards and the way of life came to light after safes and armoires were opened. Finally, the last part tends to emphasise the particularities and constraints of a border environment that determines the life of all the residents of Saint-Vaast, whereas the identity outlines of the sea folk become apparent by means of signifiers, of which the principal marker consisted of mandatory service on the vessels of the royal State, which differentiated them profoundly from the rest of the population.

I en sjöfartsfamilj kretsar mycket av vardagen kring de olika perioderna i sjöfararens yrke - hemmaperioder, bortaperioder och perioderna kring hemkomst och avresa. Det finns undersökningar på hur sjöfararen och dennes partner upplever dessa perioder men det saknas kunskap om hur det är att växa upp i en sjöfartsfamilj. Mot denna bakgrund var syftet med denna undersökning att undersöka hur unga vuxna, uppväxta i en sjöfartsfamilj med en periodvis bortavarande sjöfarare, upplevt perioderna när sjöfararen var hemma, borta och kring avresa eller hemkomst. En kvalitativ metod användes och åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta respondenter gjordes. Respondenternas upplevelser varierade men en övergripande känsla var att perioderna av lång sammansatt ledighet när sjöfararen var hemma övervägde nackdelarna med att bara ha en förälder under bortaperioderna. Under sjöfararens bortavaro upplevde alla respondenterna varierande grader av saknad, framförallt vid speciella tillfällen eller högtider, men för många var det en normalitet då de inte kände till något annat. / In a seafaring family a considerable part of everyday life revolves around the different periods of the seafarers working cycle - when the seafarer is home, away and the periods just before and after leaving or coming home. There are studies on how seafarers and their partners experience these periods, but very little on what it’s like to grow up in a seafaring family. Against that background, the purpose of this study was to examine how young adults, brought up in a seafaring family with an intermittently absent parent, have experienced the different periods connected to the seafarers working cycle. The study used a qualitative method and it comprised of eight semi structured interviews with eight respondents. The respondents’ experiences varied but the overall sentiment was that the seafarers long leave periods made up for the disadvantages of only having one parent while the seafarer was away. All respondents reported feeling varying degrees of sadness when the seafarer left and having feelings of longing around holidays and special occasions. Many respondents referred to it as a normality and that it was all they knew.