The thesis deals with low-threshold youth work in the context of salesian pedagogy. Using secondary analysis examines the needs of adolescents recorded in official documents of low-threshold club Oráč. Needs are classified into the system of needs and research results are used to a comprehensive view of the declared needs of adolescents visiting low-threshold club of Salesian center in České Budějovice in 2012.

This paper is a Master Thesis studying the human need for Self-Fulfillment, presented as the equivalent of Self-Actualization, in the context of entrepreneurship. The problems identified in the field are the lack of literature on Self-Actualization in entrepreneurship although it is something observed in the world, the lack of empirical data in the field of motivation, and finally the fact Self-Actualization is a need leading an individual to contribute to his or her surrounding (unlike other needs), which makes understanding its consequences and origin all the more important. Two aspects were chosen to cover the topic: tracing the origin of the need and understanding how entrepreneurs fulfill it (for those using their compa-ny for that purpose). To do so, interviews consisting of 4 themes were carried out with 12 individuals having started and running their company (both genders, various cultural backgrounds, with companies of various size, age and industry), and driven by the need to Self-Fulfill. The main findings are the fact the individual’s mindset and attitudes seem to be what enables him or her to reach Self-Actualization, and these human qualities and characteristic could be gathered under the terms “Personal Development”. Also some people felt the need to Self-Actualize before starting the venture and thus have an idea of how to contribute: the company be-comes only a step in the process. Others reached the need after starting the company and see it as a set of opportunities to Self-Actualize. In both case however, a holistic view over the firm seems to be the only way to truly actualize through it: every aspect of the business needs to be focused on helping and improvement (not just the business idea). Finally, by expanding the findings made in entrepreneurship, this paper suggests that in general, Personal Development may  lead to society’s improvement and provides some suggestions to continue the study.

D.Litt. et Phil. / This research focuses on self-concept improvement for adults. A self-image enhancement programme has been developed and its impact tested with regard to shortand medium term developments. Various training approaches have been compared to establish whether massed or spaced sessions training is more effective, and whether individual follow-up after the programme is of advantage. Self-image enhancement is seen as central to a person's functioning and psychological well-being. Self-management and the improvement of the self have taken an important role in today's society where a lot of emphasis is placed on personal achievement and self-actualisation. The background to the research is the question of self-enhancement versus selfconsistency. The self-enhancement thinking promotes the possibility for adult change, while the consistency theories emphasise resistance to change. While an integrated view that places self-image change within the frame of a stable personality becomes necessary, this research aims at establishing the positive changes expected to take place after the self-image enhancement programme. The theories and therapy approaches underlying the design of the self-image enhancement programme include rational-emotive therapy, self-efficacy theory, locus of control theory, and the concept of learned helplessness and learned optimism. The main and subhypotheses were formulated regarding the improvement of the following variables: Total self-concept, physical and personal self, acceptance of others, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-control, nervousness, sociability, formal relations, and self-efficacy. Self-criticism and external locus of control were expected to decrease. The subjects that made up the sample were drawn from companies in Johannesburg and consisted of 133 participants. They were tested before the intervention started, at the end of the course, and again five months later. The self-image enhancement programme was administered to groups of 10 to 12 people. The measurement instruments included the short version of the MMPI, used as the screening device, Vrey's Adolescent Self-Concept Scale, Acceptance of Others Scale, the PHSF Questionnaire, Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and a self efficacy scale. The latter measurement instrument had to be adjusted from another selfefficacy questionnaire and an item analysis was completed. The statistical results show that the self-image enhancement programme is effective in achieving improvement of most of the self-concept variables for all experimental groups taken together. The achieved change was maintained over the medium term except for the self-efficacy and self-control variables. The variables that remained unchanged were acceptance of others, sociability and formal relations, although, based on the literature, an improved self-image is expected to occur with an improved acceptance of others. More research is required regarding interpersonal aspects and self-image enhancement. Regarding the effectiveness of various types of training groups, previous research has not been conclusive. It has also not been established through this study that massed training sessions differ in their effectiveness from spaced sessions, but further research is indicated. The same applies to the role of individual feedback sessions after a training programme. An encouraging finding has been that the self-image enhancement programme is also helping individuals with psychological problems to better their self-image and self- perceptions. This has been shown through the improved results of the MIN PI rejected group and relates to the subhypotheses formulated for this research. This research has confirmed that self-concept improvement during adulthood can be achieved and should in fact be seen as part of ongoing self-development and selfmanagement.

Höstterminen 2014 Today’s students show great divergences in incentives for commencing studies at an Upper Secondary Dance Educational School in Sweden. The level of the individual`s motivation both during the prelusive and pending stages of the education, shows great variance. The aim of the study is to find a correlation between the individual’s motivation level and the individual´s conceiving of enhancement or deprivation of inner needs. To which extent is the comprehension and consideration towards these needs, a direct agency in effecting the desire for self- engaged and lifelong learning? In which manner can a deeper and wider understanding of the needs for self- actualization, ensure a more sturdy and coherent motivation towards the experience of learning? Through motivation psychology as an angel of approach, the study incorporates the three methods; observation, projective testing and literary studies. Conscious and unconscious personality traits and states are chartered. The conjunction with various sources of stimuli subsequently indicates the deriving of behavior. The study indicates the need of educational practitioner’s insight and understanding towards the individual pupil’s apperception of the social world. Also the study indicates the importance of implementing this knowledge, in ensuring cohesiveness and sustainability of motivation for self- engaged lifelong learning.

This research aimed to qualititavely identify any new dimensions of job satsfaction , gender differences among black middle level managers as well as the impact of afrocentric values. Content and process theories provided the theoretical framework in the identification of determinants of job satsfaction. Semi-structured interviews were administered to eight employees in the educational and finacial sector. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data. The results indicated that no 'new' dimensions of job satisfaction were identified in the selected sample. Behaviour, perceptions and actions, however, manifested against the background of the South African political and socio-economic history, as well as highlighting the process of acculturation. Findings referred to the importance of social needs against the background of ubuntu. The role of the supervisor and the necessity of open communication in the workplace were emphasised. Language issues were highlighted as significant in the perception of exclusion in the workplace. The need for recognition of qualifications and skills against the background of affirmitive action policies was clear. Participants suggested the significance of personal development as manifested in their need for self-actualisation and self-efficacy. Gender differences were prevalent in all determinants of job satisfaction bar recognition of qualifications in the work environment. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Although addiction is treated by means of different treatment programmes in South Africa, the researcher discovered that the level of self-actualization and changes in addicts relationships, are questionable. A preliminary literature review indicated that the family of origin could be the cause of addiction. The above prompted the researcher to compile a treatment programme that addresses the family of origin as a cause of addiction. The treatment programme was divided into three phases. Phases one and two were included to provide therapists with guidelines on how to assist clients to reach abstinence, as well as how to function effectively in their life-worlds, while phase three addressed the family of origin as a cause of addiction. The family systems and relations theories served as the theoretical framework of the study. Phase three of the treatment programme was implemented by therapists during an empirical investigation to determine the effectiveness of the treatment programme. / Teacher Education / D Ed. (Psychology of Education)

В первой главе представлены теоретические подходы к определению мотивации и ее видов, рассмотрены основные мотивационные теории А. Маслоу и Д. Макклелланда, а также теория самодетерминации Э. Диси и Р. Райана, проанализировано влияние образования на профессиональную деятельность специалиста, определены виды дополнительного образования, а также охарактеризована роль организационной культуры в мотивации работников социальной сферы к обучению. Во второй главе представлены результаты эмпирического исследования: выявлено отношение работников социальной сферы к получению дополнительного профессионального образования, исследованы факторы, влияющие на желание специалиста учиться, определены трудности, препятствующие получению специалистом образования. Также определены рекомендации по повышению мотивации к получению дополнительного профессионального образования работников социального сферы. Методом сбора информации стали интервью со специалистами социальной сферы, работающих в учреждениях управления социальной политики Свердловской области. / The first chapter presents theoretical approaches to the definition of motivation and its types, examines the main motivational theories of A. Maslow and D. McClelland, as well as the theory of self-determination by E. Deasy and R. Ryan, analyzes the impact of education on the professional activity of a specialist, defines the types of additional education, and characterizes the role of organizational culture in motivating social workers to study. The second chapter presents the results of an empirical study: the attitude of social workers to obtaining additional professional education is revealed, the factors influencing the desire of a specialist to study are investigated, the difficulties preventing a specialist from obtaining education are identified. Recommendations have also been identified to increase the motivation of social workers to receive additional professional education. The method of collecting information was interviews with social sphere specialists working in government institutions.

Объектом исследования явилось удовлетворенность браком. Предметом связь уровня удовлетворенности браком с индивидуально-психологическими особенностями личности в период взрослости. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух разделов, заключения, списка литературы (83 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 129 страница, на которых размещены 17 рисунков и 12 таблиц, 9 приложений. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первый раздел включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме удовлетворенности браком и индивидуально-психологические особенности личности. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию показателей удовлетворенности браком, самоактуализации, ассертивности, личностной зрелости, готовности к переменам. Выводы по первому разделу представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Второй раздел посвящен эмпирической части исследования. В нем представлены описания организации и методы проведенного исследования и результаты, полученные по всем использованным методикам: опроснику «Уровень удовлетворенность браком», опроснику «Самоактуализация личности», тесту-опроснику «Уровень личностной зрелости», опроснику «Ассертивность», опроснику «Личностная готовность к переменам». Также в разделе представлен корреляционный и сравнительный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по разделу 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was satisfaction with marriage. The subject is the relationship between the level of satisfaction with marriage and the individual psychological characteristics of the individual in the period of adulthood. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two sections, a conclusion, a list of references (83 sources) and an appendix, which includes forms of the methods used. The volume of the master's thesis is 129 pages, which contain 17 figures and 12 tables, 9 appendices. he introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, indicates the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of the study, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first section includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of satisfaction with marriage and individual psychological characteristics of the individual. The sections devoted to the study of indicators of satisfaction with marriage, self-actualization, assertiveness, personal maturity, readiness for change are presented. The conclusions on the first section are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second section is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents descriptions of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all methods used: the Marriage Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Personality Self-Actualization Questionnaire, the Personal Maturity Level test-questionnaire, the Assertiveness Questionnaire, the Personal Readiness to change." The section also presents a correlation and comparative analysis of the results of the study. Section 2's conclusions include the main results of the empirical study. In the conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this issue are described.

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