Denna studie undersöker valaffischer från Centerpartiet och Liberalerna 2018. Utgångspunkt i studien är den politiska kommunikationen som visar att politiska samarbeten mellan partier kan försvåra möjligheterna för partierna att profilera sig som enskilda partier. Således är syftet med undersökningen att undersöka hur Centerpartiet och Liberalerna profilerar sig genom kommunikationen i valaffischer, detta med hänsyn till det borgerliga samarbetet "Alliansen” som pågick fram till år 2018. Ytterligare ett syfte är att ta reda på hur partierna kommunicerar ideologi i valaffischerna, detta med hänsyn till att båda partier är liberala. Detta har undersökts med utgångspunkt i sociosemiotiken och hur semiotiska resurser kan skapa betydelsepotentialer. Konkret har de semiotiska resurserna undersökts utifrån vilken design som dokumenten har, vilka färger som använts och hur affischerna kommunicerat miljö genom verbalspråk och fotografi. Resultatet visar att partiernas affischer liknar varandra i vissa val av semiotiska resurser. Partierna använder en liknande uppställning av olika textelement, framhäver partiledaren i vissa affischer medan i andra affischer framhävs verbalspråk som centrala. Ytterligare en likhet är användning av en slogan kopplad till partiernas respektive logotyp. Genom att på andra plan variera valet av semiotiska resurser skapar partierna dock skiljande betydelsepotentialer, vilket påverkar profileringen. Centerpartiet profilerar sig som ett optimistiskt parti med framtiden i sikte, medan Liberalerna profilerar sig som ett motståndskraftigt parti med ett tydligt fokus på liberalism. Båda partier kommunicerar ideologisk ståndpunkt genom slogans. Liberalerna kommunicerar ett fokus på liberalismen, detta medan Centerpartiet kommunicerar fokus på bakgrunden som agrart parti.

This thesis examines how very young children (1-3 years) organize participation during naptime, a recurrent activity of everyday life in preschools. Focus is on how these children practice their social and cultural understandings of the local order and thus establish various local orders as part of how they shape their peer cultures and the routines of the naptime. An ethnomethodological and conversation analytic (EM/CA) perspective is used to explore the organisation of the local orders oriented to by the children in their participation during naptime. A special interest is directed at how small children use embodied actions and various semiotic resources as they actively take part in this preschool routine. The data, collected during fieldwork with participant observations, consist of video recordings and field notes. The recordings are analysed using EM/CA methods, including detailed attention to embodied features of interaction along with spatial and material arrangements. Transcriptions of interaction comprise representations of both verbal and visual aspects, e.g. gestures, gaze and movement through the room. The study shows that naptime involves more than sleep. It is demonstrated how very young children, through interaction with each other and the pedagogues, are active agents in sustaining, creating, re-creating and challenging the local orders of naptime. Through embodied actions and the use of various semiotic resources, the children are able to create time and space for their own peer cultures within this institutional routine. Overall, the study sheds light on the sophisticated ways in which very young children use their knowledge of cultural and institutional routines – the spatial organisation of sleep mattresses, artefacts (e.g. blankets, pacifiers and soft toys) and the sequential structures of the naptime – to constitute spaces for play and joyful interaction with peers and pedagogues. In spite of their sometimes limited vocal language, these very young children are able to use a variety of semiotic resources to constitute their own social life within naptime, often through secondary adjustments to institutional and adult structured order.

This thesis examines meaning-making in three different areas of undergraduate physics: the refraction of light; electric circuits; and, electric potential and electric potential energy. In order to do this, a social semiotic perspective was constituted for the thesis to facilitate the analysis of meaning-making in terms of the semiotic resources that are typically used in the teaching and learning of physics. These semiotic resources include, for example, spoken and written language, diagrams, graphs, mathematical equations, gestures, simulations, laboratory equipment and working practices. The empirical context of the thesis is introductory undergraduate physics where interactive engagement was part of the educational setting. This setting presents a rich data source, which is made up of video- and audio recordings and field notes for examining how semiotic resources affect physics teaching and learning. Theory building is an integral part of the analysis in the thesis, which led to the constitution of a new analytical tool – patterns of disciplinary-relevant aspects. Part of this process then resulted in the development of a new construct, disciplinary affordance, which for a discipline such as physics, refers to the inherent potential of a semiotic resource to provide access to disciplinary knowledge. These two aspects, in turn, led to an exploration of new empirical and theoretical links to the Variation Theory of Learning. The implications of this work for the teaching and learning of physics means that new focus is brought to the physics content (object of learning), the semiotic resources that are used to deal with that content, and how the semiotic resources are used to create patterns of variation within and across the disciplinary-relevant aspects. As such, the thesis provides physics teachers with new and powerful ways to analyze the semiotic resources that get used in efforts to optimize the teaching and learning of physics.

Consisting of both theoretical and empirical inquires, this study examines the primary functions of narrative and the relationship between narrative and mental imagery. The study proposes a new framework to interpret semiotic resources. Combining this with the linguistic functional theory of Halliday (1978), a functional method to empirically investigate semiotic representations was also developed. In the empirical inquiry, the study developed a latent construct method to empirically test the effects of narrative in a real learning situation. This study is the first to investigate the functional relationship between narrative and mental imagery, and among the first to suggest a theory and empirically investigate representations of a multimodal nature. The study is also among the first to use latent constructs to investigate the learning experience in a real educational setting. Data were collected from 190 library professionals who enrolled in three sections (two in narrative and one in plain text) of an online course administered through Vista 4.0 and who completed the course and responded to several instruments. Essay data (n = 82 x 2) were analyzed using content analysis based on the narrative analysis framework developed. Quantitative data analysis methods include univariate data analysis, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling that tests the proposed model and verifies the relationships between the latent variables. Overall, the findings support the hypotheses about the functional effects of narrative identified, and narrative is found to provide a favorable and positive learning context which is tested by the proposed model of learning experience measured by several latent constructs (X2 = 31.67, df = 47, p = .9577, RMSEA = .00, SRMR = .047, NNFI = 1.05, CFI = 1.00, and GFI = .94). The results indicate that participants who enrolled in the narrative sections of the course gained higher creative scores and showed better results in performance-based and attribution-based experiences. The model testing results indicate that even though more time spent during learning led to better outcome and performance in both groups, more time spent means more satisfaction for the individuals in the narrative group, but led to less satisfaction for the individuals in the non-narrative group.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken potential en digital multimodal loggbok kan ha som digital bro mellan studenter och lärarutbildare under den verksamhetsförlagda delen av utbildningen (VFU) för att stötta studenterna i deras profession- och kunskapsutveckling, med hjälp av sociosemiotiska resurser, såsom digitala verktyg. Jag har undersökt hur en grupp yrkeslärarstudenter använder de sociosemiotiska resurser som erbjuds i den multimodala loggboken under deras VFU, för att kommunicera kunskaps- och professionsutveckling via en digital bro till lärosätet. Genom textanalys, inspirerad av hermeneutiken – och i termer av ett vidgat textbegrepp – undersöks studenternas arbete i de digitala, multimodala loggböckerna. Resultatet redovisas och diskuteras med fokus på studenternas användning av sociosemiotiska resurser och multimodaliter. Valet av textanalys som metod föregicks av en önskan att identifiera de faktorer som påverkade kommunikationen via digitala broar i en digital multimodal loggbok.  Undersökningen omfattade 13 loggböcker som har analyserats från helhet till del vid fem tillfällen. Resultatet visar att de studenter som hade digitala förkunskaper kunde kommunicera sina förväntningar och sitt lärande i loggböckerna med hjälp av de erbjudna sociosemiotiska resurserna. De studenter som hade begränsade digitala förkunskaper har inte använt de resurser som erbjöds vilket resulterade i att det åsyftade meningsskapandet gick förlorat i denna kontext. / The purpose of this study is to investigate what potential a digital multimodal logbook can have as a digital bridge between students and teacher educator during the practice-based part of the education, to support students in their professional development as well as in their development of knowledge. Socio-semiotic resources, such as digital tools, were used for this purpose. I have studied how a group of student teachers use the semiotic resources offered in the digital multimodal logbook during the practice-based part of their education, aiming to communicate their professional development and their knowledge development by a digital bridge to the university. By using text analysis, influenced by a hermeneutic model, I have studied what can facilitate, but also prevent students' work in the logbooks and the result are discussed in relation to the concept of semiotic resources and multimodality. Through a text analysis, influenced by a hermeneutic modell – in terms of an expanded text concept – are the students work in the digital multimodal log books investigated. The results are reported and discussed with a focus on the students’ use of socio-semiotic resources and multimodalities. The reason for using text analysis as a method was a desire to identify factors that could influence communication through digital bridges in a digital multimodal logbook. The study contained 13 logbooks who have been analysed from whole to parts at four occasions. The results show that students with digital knowledge could communicate their expectations and their learning by using the socio-semiotic resources that were offered. Students with limited basic digital knowledge did not use the resources they were offered which resulted in the fact that they lost the opportunity to create meaning in this context by using the offered resources.

The ever-changing landscape of social media coupled with today’s competitive political environment, means that small parties need to use all the tools at their disposal to distinguish themselves from the crowd. The Christian Democrats, a conservative party in the Swedish parliament, has been trying to do exactly that. In recent years, they have changed their party leader and their logo in an effort to move in a more modern direction and set themselves apart. That raises the question how this change has been reflected in what they post on social media. The overall purpose of this study is to compare Facebook posts published by the Christian Democrats at two different points in time, the Swedish general elections in 2014 and in 2022. It seeks to identify how the portrayal of two different party leaders differ, respectively Göran Hägglund in 2014 and Ebba Busch in 2022. We formulate research questions targeting if and how any potential differences in the presentation of the party leader manifest. To do so, we gather six posts from each year (from the month before the election) and analyse them with a multimodal semiotic method. We employ the theories of personalisation and personal branding, drawing conclusions within the framework of social semiotics (a sub-branch of semiotics). Finally, we answer the research questions by drawing several conclusions about key differences in presentation. We find that: personalisation has increased from 2014 to 2022, that the priorities for the desired form of personal branding has changed from 2014 to 2022, and that the professionalisation of the marketing material has increased from 2014 to 2022. We argue that the study expands the research within the realm of Swedish political communication, and contributes to filling a void of longitudinal and comparative studies within that same realm.

Detta arbete syftar till att utforska hur övning på fiol kan designas för att den ska kännas meningsfull och effektiv. Studiens forskningsfråga är: Vilka semiotiska resurser använder jag mig av när jag övar terser på fiol? För att undersöka detta har jag under ett år gjort tekniska övningar med hjälp av olika övningsstrategier för att se progressionen i min utvecklingsprocess. Studiens metod är videoobservation och loggboksskrivande och arbetet utgår från ett designteoretiskt perspektiv. Resultatet presenteras i två teman: Semiotiska resurser för dokumentation och Semiotiska resurser för motivation och progression. I diskussionen problematiserar, belyser och jämför jag studiens slutsatser med forskning och litteratur inom området. / The purpose of this study is to explore how practice can be designed in a meaningful and effective way. The research question is: What kind of semiotic resources do I use during practice thirds on the violin? The study is based on technical exercises used over a period of one year, the used method is video observations and logbook notes and the perspective is design theoretical. Two themes are presented as result: Semiotic resources for documentation and Semiotic resources for motivation and progression. In the last chapter, I discuss, problematize and compare the result with literature and research in the field.

Den här studien undersöker utifrån ett multimodalt, designteoretiskt perspektiv den didaktiska designen i läromedlet Bibeläventyret Gamla testamentet. Syftet med studien är att visa de teckensystem som används i designen för lärande i Bibeläventyret Gamla testamentet och den mening som deras semiotiska resurser erbjuder i lärandet. Dessutom tar studien upp det engagemang som eleverna visar, som ett tecken på transformation. Med transformation menas hur eleverna börjar bearbeta den erbjudna meningen och formar den till kunskap. Undersökningen är genomförd i en åk 4 på en svensk grundskola med hjälp av videoobservationer, lektionsanteckningar samt själva läromedlets utrustning. Resultatet blev att Bibeläventyret Gamlas testamentet fungerar multimodalt med många olika teckensystem och artefakter, där vissa är bärande och andra stöttande. Klassrummets spatiala möjligheter, instruktörens muntliga berättande med stöd av intonation, gester, blickar, kroppsspråk och förflyttningar, samt elevernas deltagande i meningsskapandet används om vartannat. Studien tyder på att den multimodala designen erbjuder stor mening och i det engagemang som eleverna visar finns en början till transformation och formation till ny kunskap. Tidigare forskning har kommit fram till att det finns signifikanta tecken på lärande i multimodala miljöer, ofta med inslag av digitala medier. Där bidrar studien till att visa att många fler teckensystem än vad som ofta används multimodalt kan kombineras och utöka möjligheten till lärande, särskilt i undervisningen av Bibeläventyret Gamla testamentet. / This study analyses, from a multimodal, design theoretical perspective, the design for learning in the educational material Bibeläventyret Gamla testamentet (The Bible Adventure – The Old Testament). The aim is to display the modes that are used in the design for learning in Bibeläventyret Gamla testamentet and the meaning that is offered in learning by semiotic resources of these modes. The study also presents the involvement that the students show, as a sign of transformation. Transformation refers to how the students start to process offered meaning and form it into knowledge. The study was conducted in 4th grade classes in a Swedish compulsory school and is based on video observations of two hours of teaching, field notes and the analysis of the teaching material. The study shows that teaching Bibeläventyret Gamla testamentet is multimodally conducted with many different modes and artefacts, where some bear more meaning and others are more supportive. The spatial opportunities of the classroom, the oral narrative of the instructor, including prosody in talk, body movements, gesture and gaze, as well as the students’ involvement in meaning making are used variously. The study shows that the multimodal design offers a significant meaning for learning and the involvement of the students shows how they make an initial transformation and formation of new knowledge. Previous research points to major signs of learning in multimodal environments, where digital media is often included. This study contributes to previous research in showing that many more modes can be used and combined multimodally at the same time compared to what is usually done and so extend the learning possibility particularly in teaching Bibeläventyret Gamla testamentet.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Considering the multimodal nature of genres (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 2006), the study about how the different semiotic resources articulate is essential, in the sense of motivating the development of knowledge about the semiotic resources that constitute genres, that is, critical multimodal literacy (CML). In order to understand how this knowledge is considered in the school context, the objective of this study is to verify (with focus on static imagetic semiotic resources) how textbooks (TBs) and teachers, of English and Biology, recontextualize the concept of CML. This study is based theoretically and methodologically on the Critical Genre Analysis perspective (MOTTA-ROTH, 2008a), with focus on Multimodal Discourse Analysis (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 1996; 2006). The corpus of this research comprehends a) didactic activities of text comprehension and production from two TBs, one of English language (ELTB) (AGA, 2010) and one of Biology TB (BTB) (AMABIS; MARTHO, 2009), offered by PNLD; and b) interview answers from public school teachers, from Santa Maria, that adopt the selected TBs. The study followed two steps, a contextual and a textual step. In the contextual analysis, the investigation of the TBs contexts of production and distribution involved the analysis of documents related to the TBs in search for linguistic exponents that refer to visual semiotic resources. The analysis of the context of consumption comprehended teachers interviews in order to verify to what extent and how CML is approached in classroom by using TBs. In the textual analysis, we analyzed the activities instructions from the selected TBs in order to find linguistic exponents that make reference to static imagetic semiotic resources. Based on this analysis, we classified the activities according to their focus on CML knowledge that is related to the language levels. The results of the contextual analysis show that the need to consider the visual semiotic resources of texts is recognized in the TBs contexts. In the textual analysis, we verified that the ELTB activities reflect, in part, the contextual results once 50% of the activities refer to visual semiotic resources. Differently, in the BTB, these resources are referred by only 20% of the activities. Regarding the types of knowledge of CML referred by the activities from the TBs and the ones suggested by the teachers on the interviews, we identified a divergence in relation to the contexts of production and distribution: while the TBs and the interviews analysis suggest a focus on lexicogrammar and semantics and pragmatics levels, the analysis of the contexts of production and distribution reveals the focus on the ideological level. The ideological perspective, in the context of production and distribution of TBs, derives from the premise that the knowledge developed in class should not be only related to the propositional content of the area (BRASIL, 2006a; 2006b), but should be in service for an informed participation of the students in society. In this sense, this study shows the urgency of reflecting upon the material we use in class, in order to adapt it, especially considering the development of CML. / Dada a natureza multimodal dos gêneros discursivos (KRESS; van LEEUWEN, 2006), o estudo sobre como os diferentes recursos semióticos se articulam é essencial no sentido de motivar o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos em relação aos recursos semióticos que constituem os gêneros, ou seja, de letramento multimodal crítico (LMC). No intuito de entender como esses conhecimentos são abordados no contexto escolar, o objetivo deste estudo é verificar (com foco nos recursos semióticos imagéticos estáticos) como livros didáticos (LDs) e professores, de inglês e de biologia, recontextualizam o conceito de LMC. Este trabalho tem como base teórica e metodológica a Análise Crítica de Gênero (MOTTA-ROTH, 2008a), com foco na Análise do Discurso Multimodal (KRESS; van LEEUWEN, 2006). O corpus desta pesquisa compreende: a) atividades didáticas de compreensão e produção textual de dois LDs, um de inglês (LDI) e um de biologia (LDB), oferecidos pelo PNLD; e b) respostas a entrevistas de professores de escolas públicas estaduais de Santa Maria, que adotam os LDs selecionados. O estudo se deu em duas etapas: uma contextual e uma textual. Na etapa contextual, a investigação do contexto de produção e de distribuição envolveu a análise de documentos referentes aos LDs em busca de índices linguísticos que se referem a recursos semióticos visuais. A análise do contexto de consumo dos LDs compreendeu entrevistas com professores, no intuito de verificar em que medida e como o LMC é abordado em sala de aula por meio de LDs. Na etapa textual, analisamos os enunciados das atividades didáticas de ambos os LDs a fim de encontrar expoentes linguísticos que fizessem referência a recursos semióticos imagéticos estáticos. A partir dessa verificação, classificamos as atividades de acordo com seu enfoque aos conhecimentos de LMC, que estão relacionados aos estratos linguísticos. Os resultados contextuais apontam que a necessidade de se considerar os recursos semióticos visuais dos textos é reconhecida nos contextos dos LDs. Na análise textual, verificamos que as atividades do LDI refletem, em parte, os resultados da análise contextual, uma vez que 50% das atividades se refere a recursos semióticos visuais. Diferentemente, no LDB, esses recursos são abordados em apenas 20% das atividades. Com relação aos tipos de conhecimentos de LMC abordados pelas atividades dos LDs e pelas atividades sugeridas pelos professores, identificamos uma divergência com relação à análise do contexto de produção e de distribuição: enquanto a análise dos LDs e das entrevistas sugerem um foco nos estratos da lexicogramática e da semântica e pragmática, as análises do contexto de produção e de distribuição revelam o foco no estrato ideológico. Essa perspectiva ideológica, em documentos do contexto de produção e distribuição dos LDs, deriva da premissa de que os conhecimentos desenvolvidos em sala de aula não deveriam estar atrelados apenas ao conteúdo proposicional da área (BRASIL, 2006a; 2006b), mas estar a serviço de uma participação informada do aluno na sociedade. Este estudo, portanto, evidencia a urgência de se refletir sobre o material didático que utilizamos em sala de aula, de modo a adaptá-lo, principalmente no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de LMC.

This study attempts to answer three questions regarding how health warnings that adorn Swedish cigarette packages affects the consumer on a grammatical and a semiotic level. To investigate this, the health warnings has been analysed in order to identify the grammatical and semiotic components impact on the coniditons for the messages to influence the recipicent. By examining two different designs of health warnings from the tobacco directive from 2014 and 2016, and to take part in a focus groups opinions, this study revealed different factors that enable or limit the consumer to perceive and embrace that which is conveyed in these specific health warnings.