The following study that is the regulatory settings for a port operator has been conducted with the intention to comprehend and highlight the different regulatory settings appropriate for the sea ports in order to ensure safe, reliable and efficient trade and transportations practices at sea ports. The area of focus of this research work was towards the Baltic Sea region ports where the researcher focused on the evaluating the regulatory settings for four different ports in order to compare and contrast each other with the intention to validate every port follows certain regulations. The researcher with the support of secondary quantitative study with the deductive research approach has intended to answer the problem of this research work. The findings of this study have suggested that different regulations on the basis of the international conventions are strongly considered by the range of ports especially Port of Gdansk, Port of Helsinki, Port of Tallinn and Rostock ports that have examined. Nevertheless, there were also some regulations which not all the ports were following thereby confirming all the ports follow certain regulations which are in accordance with their changing scenarios.

What does “success” mean for social reintegration of ex-combatants in urban settings? Although reintegration of former fighters has been at the center of academic and policy discourse for achieving peace, limited attention has been paid to unraveling how social reintegration processes occur and how they are impacted in urban contexts. This thesis studies the specific issue of successful social reintegration in urban contexts and asks why it evidences higher levels of success in some urban settings than others. Drawing on previous research on the impact of security conditions on reintegration processes, it argues that actual or suspected eroded security conditions, caused by the presence of organized armed groups as well as reintegrating ex-combatants whose former unit operated in the same host community, negatively impact levels of success of social reintegration in urban centers because they each increase levels of fear towards ex-combatants among community members. Through process tracing and structured focused comparison, this thesis assesses the explanatory power of the proposed hypotheses for the cases of Bogota and Medellin. Based on the yielded results, support for both hypotheses is identified. Nonetheless given the nuanced conceptualizations propose heiring, future research is called upon to further assess the explanatory power of the proposed models.

Introduction: Incident reporting systems have been implemented in health care for over a decade and contain reports of critical incidents (CI). These must be analyzed in order to suggest, implement and evaluate solutions for minimizing the risk of future CIs to occur, thereby increasing patient safety. Drug-related CIs (DRCI) are one type of CI which may represent up to 1/3rd of all CIs, therefore this CI-type is characterized in this study. Aim: To categorize and characterize DRCIs reported in the Critical Incident Reporting System North Rhine-Westphalia (CIRS-NRW). Materials & Methods: In this explorative, retrospective, descriptive study, 553 reports from the CIRS-NRW, reported between the 1st of January 2019 and the 15th of September 2021, were analyzed. These were categorized by setting, medication use process stage, ATC-code, patient age and look-alike, sound-alike (LASA), and then analyzed via descriptive statistics. Various subgroup analyses were also conducted. Results: DRCIs occurred mostly in the hospital (48,5%) and pharmacy (40,7%) settings, during the prescribing (33,8%) and administration (33,5%) of drugs and the ATC-codes N02 (9,4%), B01 (6,9%) and N05 (5,4%) were commonly involved. Patient age contained >50% missing data and LASA was involved in 16,5% of DRCIs. Subgroups were often small, likely resulting in low statistical power. Conclusion: By successfully characterizing the DRCIs, some potential areas of improvement for reducing future DRCIs were highlighted, however there are many more variables of relevance for patient safety than those analyzed in this study, underlining the need for further studies characterizing more DRCIs including additional variables.

Contexte : Chaque année, au Canada, environ 1000 enfants âgés de 0 à 14 ans recevront un diagnostic de cancer. On estime qu’environ 80 % de ceux-ci vont survivre. La rémission implique un suivi à long terme basé sur la prévention et la promotion de la santé. Une fois adulte, ce type de suivi doit se poursuivre. Ces jeunes âgés de 18 ans devront donc effectuer un transfert de milieu de soins entre le centre pédiatrique et le centre adulte. Le passage à l’âge adulte étant déjà un moment de changement en soi, l’ajout de cette transition de milieu vers un milieu inconnu peut être anxiogène. Des patients qui ont une expérience acquise à naviguer dans le centre de cancérologie adulte pourraient venir en aide à leurs pairs sous forme d’accompagnement à la transition. Objectifs : Identifier les besoins spécifiques des patients en rémission d’une tumeur cérébrale diagnostiquée à l’enfance et qui devront transférer d’un centre pédiatrique à un centre adulte et ainsi, connaître leur intérêt face à une intervention comprenant un patient accompagnateur (PA). Identifier les facteurs favorables et limitants à la mise en place d’une intervention impliquant des PA lors de la transition vers un centre hospitalier adulte des patients en rémission d’un sarcome diagnostiqué à l’enfance. Puis, connaître la perception des parties prenantes qui gravitent autour de la transition de milieux de soins quant aux pistes d’amélioration à apporter, aux enjeux vécus, mais aussi à la possibilité d’impliquer des PA. Méthode : Un devis qualitatif de type exploratoire de faisabilité d’implantation est utilisé. Des entretiens sont conduits auprès de la population de recherche constituée de patients effectuant le transfert de milieu, d’un PA, de professionnels de la santé et des membres de bureaux du partenariat. L’analyse thématique est utilisée afin de faire ressortir les thèmes communs des entrevues autant pour les divergences de point de vue que pour les ressemblances. Résultats : Les membres des bureaux de partenariat voient des bénéfices à l’implication de PA, mais y voient certaines complexités vu le manque de ressource pour soutenir un tel programme. Ils accordent une importance particulière au suivi psychosocial des PA et l’implication des parents dans le processus. Quant aux professionnels de la santé, ils accordent une importance particulière au développement de l’autonomie des jeunes patients et un suivi conjoint entre les centres. Ils sont également sensibles au suivi psychosocial des patients et aux enjeux spécifiques à la transition. Ils voient des bénéfices à l’implication d’un programme de PA, mais soulèvent des réticences. Le patient nomme la différence d’encadrement entre les milieux et les difficultés de communication entre ceux-ci. Les lacunes de la communication transparaissent dans le transfert du dossier médical, une inquiétude soulevée par le patient. Il voit cependant des bénéfices à un programme impliquant des PA. Puis, le PA aborde les défis et les préalables à la réussite de ses interventions. Il soulève également le manque d’accompagnement pour les parents. Conclusion : La transition de milieux de soins génère de nouveaux défis pour les patients comme ceux diagnostiqués à l’enfance d’une tumeur cérébrale ou d’un sarcome. Une attention particulière doit être portée aux besoins de ces patients, mais aussi à l’amélioration du processus. De premier abord, l’implantation d’un programme de PA n’est pas ressortie comme un besoin exprimé par le patient. Il y voyait cependant que des bénéfices. Les données de cette étude sont trop restreintes pour déterminer si l’accompagnement serait bénéfique à la transition entre le milieu pédiatrique et adulte. Cependant, cette étude exploratoire de faisabilité d’implantation a permis de connaître les perceptions des parties prenantes qui gravitent autour de ce processus de transition entre les milieux face à des pistes d’amélioration du processus, des enjeux vécus et la perception de l’implication des PA. Mots clés: Tumeur cérébrale, sarcome, patient accompagnateur, transition de milieux de soins, pédiatrie, centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont / Background: Every year, in Canada around 1000 kids between 0 and 14 years old will be diagnosed with a cancer. The survival rate is estimated around 80%. Remission involves a survivorship follow up based on prevention and health promotion. As an adult, their follow up must continue. The 18 years old young adult will transfer from pediatric care center to adult care center. Transition to adulthood is a turning point for them and the adding of adult care center transfer can be anxiety inducing. Patients who had experience navigating in the adult cancer care center can help reduce this anxiety by being mentor for the other patients. Objectives: Identify the needs of patients in remission from a brain tumor cancer diagnosed in childhood who will transfer from a pediatric center to an adult center and thus, know their interest in an intervention including a mentor patient. Identify the positive and limiting factors for the implementation of an intervention involving mentor patients during the transition to an adult hospital center for patients in remission from a sarcoma diagnosed in childhood. Then, know the perception of the stakeholders of the process as to the avenues for improvement to made, the issues experienced, but also the possibility of involving mentor patients. Design: A qualitative design of exploratory type of implementation feasibility is used. Interviews are conduct with patients, mentor patient, health care professionnal and paternership members. A content analysist is used to bring out the principal themes in the interviews and also the different and the similar points of view. Results: The members of the partnership offices clearly see the benefits of involving mentor patient but see certain complexities in it because of the lack of resources to support such program. They attach particular importance to the psychosocial follow-up of mentor patient and the involvement of parents in the process. As for health professionals, they attach a particular importance to the development of young patient’s autonomy and joint monitoring between the centers. They are also sensitive to the psychosocial follow-up of patients and to the specific issues of the transition. They see benefits in the involvement of a mentor patient program but raise some reservations. The patient raises the difference in supervision between the care centers and the communication difficulties between them. The gaps in communication are reflected in the transfer of the medical file, a concern of this patient. However, he sees only benefits to a program involving mentor patient. Then, the mentor patient discusses of the challenges and prerequisites for the success of his interventions. He also raises the lack of support for parents. Conclusion: The period when care environment change, being a time of new challenges for patients such as those diagnosed with a brain tumor or sarcoma in their childhood, special attention must be paid to their needs, by improving the process. At first, the implementation of a mentorship program did not emerge as a need expressed by the patient. However, he only saw benefits. The data from this study are too limited to determine whether mentor support would be beneficial to the transition between the pediatric and adult settings. However, this exploratory study made it possible to know the perceptions of the stakeholders who gravitate around this process of transition between the care centers which is improving the process, the issues experienced and the perception of the mentors’ patients. Key words: Brain tumor, sarcoma, mentor patient, transition of care settings, pediatrics, centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Maisonneuve-Rosemont hospital

[pt] Esta tese apresenta uma análise dos modelos de gestão da política socioeducativa em meio aberto adotados em algumas capitais brasileiros para adolescentes a quem se atribui autoria de ato infracional, com vistas a discutir possíveis caminhos que contribuam para a efetivação de medidas que promovam o respeito aos direitos humanos dos adolescentes. A pesquisa foi construída com uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa e fundamentou-se na perspectiva do materialismo histórico e dialético com aprofundamento teórico na criminologia crítica. Utilizou-se de fontes que dialogam com a gestão da coisa pública, Estado Penal e com o sistema de garantia de direitos da criança e do adolescente. A metodologia de pesquisa incluiu entrevistas com gestores municipais e técnicos de medidas socioeducativas, análise de documentos normativos relativos às medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto. Os resultados da pesquisa elucidam diversos aspectos referentes aos modelos de gestão adotados nos municípios analisados, destacando-se a alta rotatividades das equipes técnicas, as relações tensionadas com o judiciário, a complexidade da rede intersetorial, a insuficiência dos recursos financeiros para execução da política socioeducativa, o baixo investimento no desenvolvimento das equipes, o cenário complexo durante e após a pandemia no que tange ao fluxo da rede, o papel do judiciário, o aumento de demandas e a ineficiência dos prazos para realização dos trabalhos previstos no plano de atendimento das equipes da Assistência Social e do sistema público no modelo de gestão direta. / [en] This thesis presents an analysis of the management models of socio- educational policy in an open environment adopted in Brazilian municipalities for adolescents who are attributed with being responsible for an infraction, to discuss possible ways that contribute to the implementation of measures that promote respect for human rights. adolescent humans. The research was built with a quantitative and qualitative approach and was based on the perspective of historical and dialectical materialism with theoretical deepening in critical criminology. It used sources that dialogue with the management of public affairs, the Penal State, and the system of guaranteeing the rights of children and adolescents. The research methodology included interviews with municipal managers and technicians of socio-educational measures and analysis of normative documents related to socio-educational measures in an open environment. The results of the research elucidate several aspects related to the management models adopted in the municipalities analyzed, highlighting the high turnover of technical teams, the strained relations with the judiciary, the complexity of the intersectoral network, the lack of financial resources to implement the socio-educational policy, the low investment in team development, the complex scenario during and after the pandemic in terms of network flow, the role of the judiciary, the increase in demands and the inefficiency of deadlines for carrying out the work provided for in the teams service plan of Social Assistance and the public system in the direct management model.

The American composer Charles Ives is well known for musical quotation/borrowing: composing music with or from pre-existing musical sources, such as folk tunes, hymns, chants, or other composers' works. His Third Violin Sonata is one of few works that used his unique technique of cumulative setting with only hymn tunes. For analysis of his instrumental music, the text of the hymn tunes is generally disregarded, as the compositions are for instruments. Ives' Third Violin Sonata is challenging to understand in comparison with other violin sonatas, because it lacks information such as titles and subtitles. Even though Ives never mentioned the piece's meanings or extramusical meanings, almost all the elements of the piece indicate hope as a common theme. This dissertation examines which hymn tunes were quoted in the piece, gives the meanings of the hymn tunes, and discusses how Ives uses these tunes as themes with textual meanings. The study includes a brief life of Ives and his historical circumstances and presents a brief musical analysis. The research should give a better understanding of the piece to performers and others curious about it.

This survey presents a transcription for horn and piano of Siete Canciones populares Españolas (Seven Popular Spanish Songs) by Manuel de Falla (1876-1946). Siete Canciones populares was written originally for voice and piano and previous transcriptions with different instrumentation have been published after the original work. In order to provide a faithful representation in my version, my study explores three main subjects: the style of Manuel de Falla; the significance of Siete Canciones; and the composer's horn writing in his orchestral work The Three-Cornered Hat. The solo horn repertoire originates in the central European countries and remains a product of their traditions until the second half of the twentieth century, when it was broadened by composers worldwide. My transcription helps to fill a gap in the repertoire for horn and piano by Spanish composers before 1950. It will serve as both a resource for horn players and a valuable contribution to horn recital repertoire.

Machine learning can provide assistance to humans in making decisions, including linguistic decisions such as determining the part of speech of a word. Supervised machine learning methods derive patterns indicative of possible labels (decisions) from annotated example data. For many problems, including most language analysis problems, acquiring annotated data requires human annotators who are trained to understand the problem and to disambiguate among multiple possible labels. Hence, the availability of experts can limit the scope and quantity of annotated data. Machine-learned pre-annotation assistance, which suggests probable labels for unannotated items, can enable expert annotators to work more quickly and thus to produce broader and larger annotated resources more cost-efficiently. Yet, because annotated data is required to build the pre-annotation model, bootstrapping is an obstacle to utilizing pre-annotation assistance, especially for low-resource problems where little or no annotated data exists. Interactive pre-annotation assistance can mitigate bootstrapping costs, even for low-resource problems, by continually refining the pre-annotation model with new annotated examples as the annotators work. In practice, continually refining models has seldom been done except for the simplest of models which can be trained quickly. As a case study in developing sophisticated, interactive, machine-assisted annotation, this work employs the task of corpus-dictionary linkage (CDL), which is to link each word token in a corpus to its correct dictionary entry. CDL resources, such as machine-readable dictionaries and concordances, are essential aids in many tasks including language learning and corpus studies. We employ a pipeline model to provide CDL pre-annotations, with one model per CDL sub-task. We evaluate different models for lemmatization, the most significant CDL sub-task since many dictionary entry headwords are usually lemmas. The best performing lemmatization model is a hybrid which uses a maximum entropy Markov model (MEMM) to handle unknown (novel) word tokens and other component models to handle known word tokens. We extend the hybrid model design to the other CDL sub-tasks in the pipeline. We develop an incremental training algorithm for the MEMM which avoids wasting previous computation as would be done by simply retraining from scratch. The incremental training algorithm facilitates the addition of new dictionary entries over time (i.e., new labels) and also facilitates learning from partially annotated sentences which allows annotators to annotate words in any order. We validate that the hybrid model attains high accuracy and can be trained sufficiently quickly to provide interactive pre-annotation assistance by simulating CDL annotation on Quranic Arabic and classical Syriac data.

The following thesis is at once a somewhat rudimentary attempt to relate the history of the classroom while describing the potential impact on the space of learning by the introduction of a new type of computer program into a school setting. It asks the question: how is the space of learning affected by the use of this specific type of computer program as an educational tool? In order to begin to formulate an answer to this question I have drawn upon the theorizing of Foucault and Deleuze in particular. Establishing the modern classroom as a relative of sorts to the disciplinary spaces of the past, I conclude that the means and practices by which pupils are being controlled within the space of learning have shifted from discipline being extorted exclusively by the teacher – who in turn is aided by the physical and temporal constraints of the classroom – to control being applied by each individual pupil through technologies of the self. This, in turn, led me to the conclusion that although there are certainly quite tangible effects on the space of learning itself, the actual mode of learning may very well be kept intact through techniques designed to control the behavior of the individual pupil beyond the disciplinary spaces of the past.

Due to their contagiousness, communicable disease require healthcare staff to not only see to the needs of their patient, but also to the protection of themselves and other people from getting infected. Ethical issues and dilemmas tied to the patient’s anatomy and confidentiality arise as interventions to prevent further spread of the disease necessarily involve informing others about the risk of infection. Knowledge of and about communicable disease is necessary for acts of caution to be taken by both the person carrying it and those who are at risk of becoming infected. The Swedish communicable disease control system is regulated mainly with the Communicable Diseases Act (smittskyddslag, SFS 2004:168) and confidentiality within healthcare is regulated by the Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act (offentlighets- och sekretesslag, SFS 2009:400). In this thesis we identify dilemmas and concessions in the taking of measures to prevent the spread of communicable diseases, focusing especially on these two laws. This is done from the perspective of social work in healthcare settings with some focus on healthcare counsellors. For this purpose we have used content analysis with a deductive approach, produced a coding schedule, and analyzed relevant data in official documents. To discuss identified dilemmas and concessions further, we have used a theory of care ethics and utilitarianism. In our results we describe dilemmas consisting of situations where it is impossible to both maintain secrecy regarding the patient’s status as ill while informing others about their risk of infection, situations where differing interests arise, and situations where several principles which need to be followed differ from one another. These dilemmas are ethical in nature rather than legal, although professionals must make decisions regarding what information to share and what to keep secret. This makes for situations where practical answers to ethical dilemmas are necessary, and the contagious nature of the patient’s disease makes work more difficult. / I arbetet med smittsamma sjukdomar ska hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal inte enbart värna om patienten, utan även andra människor. Sjukdomarnas smittsamhet medför försvårande omständigheter och medför andra etiska frågor än andra sjukdomar. Inte minst uppstår etiska problem kopplade till patientens autonomi och sekretesskydd vid smittsamma sjukdomar på grund av risken för att också andra kan bli sjuka. Vetskap om sjukdomen är ett måste för att rimliga försiktighetsåtgärder ska kunna vidtas av både den smittade och osmittade personer. Smittskyddet i Sverige regleras främst genom smittskyddslagen (SFS 2004:168) och hälso- och sjukvårdens sekretess genom offentlighets- och sekretesslagen (SFS 2009:400). Vi identifierar dilemman och avvägningar i det praktiska arbetet med att besluta om och vidta smittskyddsåtgärder utifrån lagstiftningen, och diskuterar sedan dessa. Vårdetik lyfts och appliceras. Uppsatsens utgångspunkt är socialt arbete i hälso- och sjukvård, och delvis rollen som hälso- och sjukvårdskurator. Metoden består av innehållsanalytisk bearbetning, kodning, av lagtext och förarbeten med en deduktiv ansats. I resultatet redovisar vi hur balans mellan olika rättigheter och skyldigheter genomsyrar smittskyddslagen (2004), vars primära syfte är att tillgodose befolkningens behov av skydd mot smittsamma sjukdomar. För att uppnå detta görs flera avsteg från sekretessen som annars gäller i hälso- och sjukvård. Vi identifierar och beskriver de dilemman och avvägningar som uppstår som situationer där det är omöjligt att både hemlighålla patientens sjukdomsstatus och skydda andra från smitta, då det råder skilda intressen, och situationer då skilda principer behöver följas. Dessa dilemman är främst etiska och praktiska i och med att den som fattar beslut om och vidtar smittskyddsåtgärder måste besluta vilka uppgifter som ska röjas och på vilket sätt. Etiska riktlinjer är inte irrelevanta och kan utgöra både vägledning genom olika dilemman och avvägningar, men också försvåra det praktiska arbetet i och med de verkliga konsekvenser smittskyddsåtgärder har för människorna de berör. Dessutom väger alltid lagen tyngre när det gäller att instruera professionella i hur de ska agera. Skyddet mot spridning av vissa sjukdomar prioriteras över skyddet av patientens sekretess.