ANOTACE: Rodina je místem, kde dochází k prvním sociálním vztahům a vazbám. Každý jedinec, má potřebu kontaktů s jinými lidmi. Ještě před dovršením tří let věku dítěte roste v každém touha být ve společenství vrstevníků. Tyto první kontakty dítě zažívá v rodině se sourozenci a v mateřské škole. Sourozenecká skupina vymezuje osobnost jedince, má vliv na jeho osobnostní charakteristiky a chování. Vědomí sama sebe se buduje prostřednictvím vztahů k druhému. Jakou roli bude dítě v rodině mít, je spjato s mnoha faktory, kterými jsou: počet sourozenců v rodině, pořadí narození sourozenců, věkový rozdíl a pohlaví. Následně záleží na výchovném přístupu rodičů. Vstup dítěte do mateřské školy je velkou životní změnou pro dítě i pro celou rodinu. Aby vstup proběhl hladce, musí být dítě připraveno odloučit se od rodičů, zvykat si na nové prostředí, na společenství vrstevníků, najít si svou vlastní identitu. Jak proběhne vstup a adaptace do skupiny vrstevníků, záleží na stupni socializace předškolního dítěte. V diplomové práci se zabývám na základě poznatků z rozhovorů, dotazníků a pozorování porovnáním schopností a dovedností sourozeneckých dvojic při nástupu do mateřské školy. Ve výzkumu se soustřeďuji zejména na to, zda ovlivnilo adaptaci mladšího sourozence vědomí, že v mateřské škole má staršího sourozence a jakým...

This qualitative study explored the experiences of individuals living with a sibling diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and how these individuals make meaning of this experience. The data for this study was collected from five (5) individuals between the ages of 12 and 19, who shared their experience of living with siblings diagnosed with ASD. The data was analysed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis method (IPA). I conclude that although living with a sibling diagnosed with ASD is a challenging experience, the way one makes meaning from the experience contributes greatly to their interpretation of their experience thereof; and therefore, making it a positive experience. The participants in this study showed great maturity and resilience. The findings of this study will be useful to parents, professionals and those who engage with individuals living with a sibling diagnosed with ASD. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology in Research Consultation)

Contexte : la présence d’un biais cognitif négatif chez les individus qui souffrent de dépression majeure (DM) et ceux qui y sont à haut risque (e.g. enfants de mères qui souffrent de DM) est maintenant établie. Aucune étude portant sur la vulnérabilité cognitive (VC) des membres de la fratrie n’est rapportée. Objectifs : la présente étude a pour but de vérifier si la fratrie des adolescents qui souffrent de DM présentent une VC qui les prédisposent à la DM. Méthode : cette étude porte sur 49 adolescents (18 participants traités pour une DM, 16 membres de la fratrie et 15 participants témoin), âgés entre 12 et 20 ans. La VC de chaque participant est quantifiée via un questionnaire qui mesure la réactivité cognitive (RC), soit le LEIDS-R, et une tâche de reconnaissance des expressions faciale (REF). La cognition sociale des participants est mesurée par le MASC, un outil qui évalue la cognition sociale par médium vidéo et que notre équipe a traduit de l’allemand au français. Résultats : les résultats préliminaires de la présente étude indiquent qu’une différence de réactivité cognitive est présente entre les adolescents traités pour une DM et les participants du groupe témoin (p < 0,001). L’analyse préliminaire tend à indiquer qu’une différence est présente entre la fratrie et le groupe contrôle. Conclusion : plusieurs de nos résultats tendent en faveur de la présence d’une VC prédisposant à la DM chez la fratrie des adolescents souffrant de DM. Ces résultats préliminaires doivent être confirmés par des études longitudinales. / Background: a negative cognitive bias is present among individuals who suffers from major depression. This bias is also reported among individuals at high risk of major depression (e.g. child of depressed mother). No study to date aimed to evaluate cognitive vulnerability of siblings of depressed individuals. Objectives: the present study aim to verify if siblings of depressed adolescents present a cognitive vulnerability that would predispose them to develop a major depression. Method: This study evaluates 49 adolescents (18 participants treated for depression, 16 siblings and 15 controls), aged between 12 and 20 years old. The cognitive vulnerability of every participant has been assessed using an auto-report questionnaire of symptoms (LEIDS-R) that evaluates cognitive reactivity and a task of facial recognition. Social cognition of participants is measured using the Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) that we translated from german to french. Results: the preliminary analyses of this study concludes that a significant difference of cognitive reactivity is present between adolescents treated for depression and controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion: some of our results tend to confirm the presence of a cognitive vulnerability to depression among siblings of depressed adolescents. Those results are still preliminary and need to be confirmed by longitudinal studies. / Réalisé sous la co-direction de Linda Booij, Catherine Herba et Patricia Garel

Against the background of evidence that parent involvement benefits learners, parents, schools and communities, a need has arisen for effective parent involvment strategies to be developed particularly in rural and disadvantaged communities. A literature study investigated models of parent involvementand the provision of education in North West Province. Barriers to parent involvement in schools were also investigated. A qualitative methodology was used to investigate parent involvement in three rural schools in North West Province. Data were gathered by means of observation, semi-structures focus group interviews with parents and educators and semi-structures in-depth interviewswith principals of participating schools. Thus parents and educators blame each other for lack of participation. Other findings relate to the lack of resources and facilities in schools. Guidelines for proper parent involvement were proposed. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Comparative Education)

The families with a mental disability child go through the information of child´s diagnosis very hard test which can means even the marital break-up. These mentioned families should manage the crisis, but successful managing of this situation can be very strengthening element. The families with a mental disability child manifest in different way than the families with healthy children, because the birth of child with a mental disability intervenes the peace of the whole family. This fact can remark the family even this way, which the physical problems can appear by the parents or they can incline to risk change of their behaviour. The parents? roles also could change and exists also risk, that brothers and sister of child with a mental disability can follow contacts with difficulties. These families have their own particularity, because the birth of child with a mental disability means great stress for these families. The theoretic part of this work pays attention to a mental disability and its classification. Further are the welfare services available, which can families with a mental disability child use of. It is not also left out the role of family, the importance of parental roles and brotherly and sisterly constellation. I describe style of upbringing and further I concern the particularity of family with a mental disability child in my dissertation likewise the role of brother and sister by the child with a mental disability. There are also stages of acceptance with the diagnosis of a mental disability and risk behaviour of parents these children with a mental disability as results of managing critical situation described and the related physical problems. The target of dissertation is finding out if exists diametrically differences between parental roles by the care about a mental disability child and the healthy child. The intermediate target is finding out if the families with a mental disability child are more predisposed to a presence of social pathological syndromes. The theory expects following fact that the care for a mental disability child has provided by overall in majority by mothers. Families with a mental disability child incline to risk change of their behaviour than by the families with the healthy child. Brothers and sisters of a mental disability child do less friendly relationships than of the healthy children. The approach to quantitative study was used at all. The strategy of questionnaire: The questionnaire inquiry was performed by the 20 families with healthy children and by the 20 families with a mental disability child. The filled questionnaires had evaluated using the elementary statistics of software programmes SPSS and Excel. I found out more conflicting relationships between brothers and sisters in the families with a mental disability child than in the families with healthy children. Brothers and sisters of a mental disability child care more about their mental disability brother or sister than the elder brothers and sisters care about their younger ones. Likewise the brothers and sisters with a mental disability brother or sister have less friendly relationships than the children with healthy brothers and sisters. Families with healthy children enjoy more harmonious parental care than by the families with a mental disability child and mainly mothers do it. The grandparents act on behalf of parents with healthy children more often than in the families with a mental disability child, there exists often absence caring grandparents. The same is the fact that both compared families models using mostly democratic style of upbringing. Psychical problems exist more often by the parents with a mental disability child.

The thesis deals with chances and difficulties, which a family bringing up a child with polio has to cope with. In the theoretical part a child with a polio is characterized, the influence of the birth and upbringing of a child with polio on the life of its siblings and parents is described. Next, the cooperation with experts, organizations and institutions is considered as well as help from the society in the form of special advantages and social benefits. In the practical part the experience, opinions and feelings of parents bringing up a child with polio are presented on the base of a performed research. The main objective of the research was to find out how the birth and upbringing of a child with polio influences the family life, which difficulties and chances in various forms the parents met with and what is their opinion of them.

No description available.

It is the purpose of this study to investigate the influence of age, siblings, family structure, religious beliefs, mother's occupation, father's occupation, homemaking courses taken, status of parents, number of rooms in home, and students' work hours after school on the Negro girl's interest in curriculum items on personal, family and community relationships.

Text in Afrikaans / The problem that motivated the study was that siblings of children with cancer may experience the relationships within the family differently after cancer treatment. The purpose was to investigate and describe how family dynamics are experienced by the siblings of a cancer patient after his/her treatment for cancer. The research methodology includes qualitative research of an explorative and descriptive nature. Data were collected through unstructured interviews with siblings of children who had received treatment for cancer. From this data eight categories were identified accordingly. Although the data do not indicate that siblings experienced family dynamics after treatment as problematic, as expected, the information contributes by making parents of cancer patients more aware of the siblings' emotions and needs. / Social Work / M.Diac (Spelterapie)

In die konteks van hierdie studie word daar deurlopend van die manlike vorm gebruik gemaak om na die kleuter te verwys, ten einde 'n lomp stelwyse te voorkom. Die vroulike vorm sou ook daarmee veronderstel en ingesluit kon word. Die vroulike vorm word gebruik wanneer daar na die moeder verwys word. / Merkbare verandering word soms in die kleuter se gedrag, emosies en verhoudings na die geboorte van `n baba waargeneem. Die doel van die kwalitatiewe studie was om die moeder se persepsie, belewenis en hantering van hierdie aanpassingsprobleme van die kleuter te verken. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is met nege moeders gevoer. Uit die studie het dit duidelik geword dat onkunde ten opsigte van die ontwikkelingsfase van die kleuter, asook die aanpassingsprobleme aanleiding tot foutiewe persepsies by die moeder gegee het. Hierdie foutiewe persepsies het `n negatiewe invloed op die moeder se belewenis en hantering van die aanpassingsprobleme gehad. Die navorser het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat moeders betrek moet word vir ouerleiding wanneer aanpassingsprobleme by die kleuter aangemeld word. Verskeie aanbevelings wat van waarde kan wees tydens ouerleiding aan moeders van kleuters is deur die navorser gemaak. / The birth of a sibling often results in a toddler displaying changes in behaviour, emotions and relationships. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the mother's perception, experiences, as well as coping strategies of the toddler's adaptation problems, following the birth of a sibling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine mothers. The study revealed that the mother's lack of knowledge and understanding of the developmental phase of the toddler, as well as the adaptation problems, manifested in misconceptions. These misconceptions affected her experiences of the adaptation problems, as well as how she managed it. The researcher concluded that mothers should be referred for parental guidance when adaptation problems are reported. Various recommendations to be used within parental guidance have been made. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Spelterapie-Rigting)