The main focus of this thesis is to analyse the identity management of Czech bank. The author deals with the authentication and authorization of bank employees, the lifecycle of identities and also suggests the operational improvement of systems that relate to identity management. The aim is to show the view from every angle on identity management, highlight the problems and propose countermeasures, respectively measures to improve the identity management running.The main methods of research are analysis of documents, unstructured interview with employees and observation of systems operation. The benefit of this work is in providing author's opinion and recommendations, which can lead to an overall better running identity management in the bank.

This diploma thesis deals with the methods used to ensure access and communication security in large-scale SAP information systems. It deals with the analysis of existing methods, compares them, and identifies how the methods are usable in the operation of large-scale SAP information systems, as well as it identifies methods that fail in this environment. Justification of methods usability is carried out. Attention is focused on the use and implementation of single sign-on safe authentication methods, secure sharing of user identity and secure communication within the framework of a large-scale SAP information system. In this thesis is carried out a design proposal of the architecture in order to ensure access and communication security in SAP information systems using the LDAP service, SNC Kerberos and single sign-on authentication. In the practical example is documented the detailed technical implementation of this architecture. Furthermore, this thesis deals with the specifics which exist especially in large-scale SAP information systems in the area of access and communication security and documents the appropriate ways to address them.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:25:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wagner Teobaldo.pdf: 1975822 bytes, checksum: 909171c236681bdcbd0b2f1b37c38932 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-13 / The speaking-writing continuum is considered as an agent which determines and changes the language. The written language is important to the deaf communication because of their difficulty in developing the oral language. This research takes into account that written language is an important instrument to the deafs as members of society and a helpful way to register their ideas and thoughts. Considering that the students may be able to use written portuguese language at finishing basic school degree, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of oral cues in the writing of the deaf in high school. Specifically, we aimed to characterize the discoursive markers, repetition and paraphrase occurring in oralized and non-oralized deaf people by comparing the results of written texts produced by these two groups and then with that of listeners. The sample of the research was composed by fifteen oralized deafs and fifteen non-oralized deafs with pre-lingual deafness on deep degree, and fifteen listeners. The three groups answered a question sheet with six questions in order to analize the oral marks in a quantitative and qualitative basis. The results were submitted to a statistical treatment by applying the T-student test. The results showed a major use of discoursive markers, especially of sequential function, by oralized deafs and listeners. A statistical significant difference between the average of quantity of discoursive markers used by non-oralized deafs and listeners was found. The repetition was used mainly by the oralized deafs. The whole form of repetition and its adjacent position on writing prevailed within the three groups. As for the function, the topical functioning continuity prevailed in the deafs and the comprehension function prevailed in the listeners. The occurence of paraphrase was small in the subjects writing and the nonoralized deafs had no occurence at all. To conclude, the orality marks were present in the deafs writing, suggesting the realization of the speaking/writing relation in these subjects, especially the oralized ones, as well as with the listeners. The major use of orality marks among the oralized deafs suggests the influence over text structure mainly related to textual cohesion. If we are to consider the use of orality marks as a factor of textual cohesion, these results can be the first step to optimize the deafs writing, mainly the non-oralized ones, in order to estimulate the cohesion on these subjects texts / O continuum oralidade-escrita é um agente determinante e transformador da língua que, na modalidade escrita, é de grande importância para a comunicação dos surdos em função da dificuldade que possuem em desenvolver a língua oral. Esta pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que a habilidade escrita na língua padrão do país representa um instrumento importante para a inserção do surdo na sociedade e um meio útil de registro de idéias e pensamentos. Considerando que, ao concluir a escolarização básica, os estudantes devem estar aptos a utilizar a língua portuguesa na modalidade escrita, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de marcas da oralidade na escrita de estudantes surdos do Ensino Médio. Especificamente, objetivou-se caracterizar a ocorrência de marcadores discursivos, repetições e parafraseamentos em surdos oralizados e não-oralizados e confrontar esses dados entre si e com ouvintes também estudantes do Ensino Médio. A população de estudo constou de quinze surdos oralizados e quinze surdos não-oralizados, com instalação pré-lingual da surdez de grau profundo bilateral, além de quinze ouvintes. Os participantes responderam a questionários compostos por seis perguntas, e a ocorrência das marcas de oralidade na escrita foi analisada quantitativa e qualitativamente nos três grupos. Além disso, foi realizado tratamento estatístico através do teste T-student. Os resultados mostraram uma maior utilização de marcadores discursivos, especialmente com função seqüenciadora, pelos surdos oralizados e ouvintes. Verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre a média da quantidade de marcadores discursivos utilizados pelos surdos não-oralizados e pelos ouvintes. A repetição se mostrou mais recorrente entre os surdos oralizados. A forma integral e a posição adjacente predominaram nos três grupos. Quanto à função, prevaleceu a continuidade tópica entre os surdos e a compreensão entre os ouvintes. Foi pequena a ocorrência de parafraseamento na escrita dos participantes e os surdos não-oralizados não a apresentaram. Como conclusão, as marcas de oralidade se fizeram presentes na escrita dos surdos, sugerindo a ocorrência de relação oralidade/escrita nestes sujeitos, principalmente nos oralizados, a exemplo das realizações pelo ouvinte. O maior uso de marcas de oralidade, entre as quais se destacam os marcadores discursivos de função seqüenciadora e as condensações parafrásticas, sugere uma influência sobre a construção textual, particularmente com relação ao aspecto de coesão. Tendo em vista o fato de que o uso das marcas de oralidade constitui um fator de coesão textual, o uso destes recursos pode ser mais uma estratégia para se trabalhar a escrita do surdo, especialmente o não-oralizado, a fim de estimular a coesão das produções destes sujeitos.

Set in the totalitarian society of Oceania, George Orwell’s 1984 illustrates how a government can exert complete control over its citizens through surveillance, manipulation, and more central to this essay, language. By employing a structuralist framework based on Ferdinand de Saussure’s research on semiotics and the system of language, this essay investigates the viability of Newspeak as a language. It does so by using the aspects of arbitrariness, value, difference, the collective, and mutability to discern to what extent Orwell’s Newspeak aligns with Saussure’s theory of how languages function. In addition, it looks at how these language changes can be observed using specific examples of the novel. The essay finds that the implementation of Newspeak is entirely reliant on other areas of the government’s totalitarian oppression in order to be feasibly implemented, as semiotic theory argues language is a product of the collective and, as such, cannot be constructed by a group of individuals. The essay thus concludes that Newspeak as a constructed language is not viable, as over time, the language will inevitably return to the hands of the collective consciousness, and once that happens, the language will begin to change according to the needs of the linguistic community.

This paper deals with the Deaf community in sub-Saharan Africa, with particular focus on the Republic of Congo, and Senegal. It explores how the humanitarian sector is reaching out to this community, especially regarding Sexual and Reproductive Health. Projects set up by UNFPA Congo and Senegal’s ONG Jeunesse Et Dévelopment, are examined within the framework of communication for development. By researching the nexus between the international organizational world and the deaf community, the plan is to gain understanding through methodological approaches such as semi structured interviews, a focus groups and document analysis including videos, that eventually will provide input that can lead to a more comprehensive and informative communication strategy for this group. As a large part of the Deaf community in the developing world isn’t able to read and write, their fundamental human rights are undermined, this is especially true when it comes to Sexual and Reproductive Health. Research from Kenya and Senegal have shown that people living with disabilities got slightly higher HIV seroprevalence compared to the rest of the population, while a study from Cameroun demonstrates that deaf individuals are three times more likely to contract an STI. Communication for development, behavior change communication, communication for social change as well as media development, got a significant role to play to lead the deaf community towards integration, inclusion and better access to information on Sexual and Reproductive Health. By including the deaf community and let them define their own needs through genuine participation, it is possible to strengthen their rights. Researching the deaf community in the developing world is like studying a micro-cosmos of the entire development debate, as many of the main challenges are present. By empowering the deaf community in Africa, the whole continent is empowered.

The purpose of this master’s thesis was to study literacy practices in a reading group of nine women discussing fiction in Swedish sign language. The following research questions were examined: What patterns of action have taken form in this practice and what meaning is attributed to these patterns? How can this reading group be understood in the light of Päivi Fredäng’s research on identity and cultural changes in the Swedish Deaf world? How do the participants handle using two different languages and modalities during the discussions, and to what extent can this be understood using Mary Louise Pratts concept contact zone? Finally, the last question aims to explore the reasons behind the very scarce number of reading groups in Sweden discussing fiction in sign language. An ethnographic study was conducted through one participant observation and three semi-structured interviews face to face recorded on camera, one email interview and one recorded phone interview. The interviews in sign language were translated into written Swedish. What Peplow terms a ‘mimetic’ reading practice was the most dominant way of discussing literature, whereas thematic or synthetic reading practices were less frequent.  The participants found that the reading group broadened their reading habits and that the discussions sometimes had bibliotherapeutic elements. They often discussed issues related to the oppression of women whereas questions related to Deaf people and sign language were not often discussed. The reading group could be understood in the light of the changes that the Swedish Deaf world, and society at large have gone through over the last decades. The collective Deaf identity is more frequently based on shared values concerning sign language rather than ideological standpoints. More individualized perspectives and interest-based networks based on sign language become more common. This falls under what Fredäng describes as co-culture where deafness loses its superior position in the identity. The participants’ audiological and linguistic backgrounds were diverse, only around half of them had Swedish sign language as their first language. The literacy practices were to a great extent influenced by the diversity concerning the participants’ backgrounds. Some of the informants said that one main reason for joining was to improve their skills in sign language. To others, the reading group seemed to strengthen their skills in written Swedish. One aspect of the literacy practices of this reading group was language preservation, where the participants helped each other to a more ‘pure’ sign language. Using the theoretical framework developed in New Literacy Studies, the lack of reading groups discussing fiction in sign language could be understood as a result of the literacy practices used in the Swedish Deaf education system that followed the Milan Conference that took place in 1880. The conference led to the banning of sign language in favour of oral methods. Contemporary literacy practices in the Swedish Deaf world can be traced back to these practices in the education system. Further research is needed to study literacy practices among Deaf people in Sweden, for example among younger generations that have taken part of a bi-lingual education. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

Cette recherche s'intéresse à la possibilité d'établir des points de comparaison entre le prélinguistique et le linguistique dans la période des premiers mots. Le constat d'un flou régnant autour des notions de mot et de proto-mot nous a fait considérer différentes approches : historique, épistémologique et expérimentale. L'apport de l'approche historique est essentiel pour cerner la problématique et considérer la façon dont parler est envisagé par une société et une époque. Cettepartie nous permet de mettre en avant deux éléments : la question de l'émergence de la parole implique la notion de représentation sociale, et l'émergence de la parole, aujourd'hui, se situe durant la période des premiers mots. L'analyse de cette période nous conduit à une partie épistémologique permettant de définir le type d'unités caractéristiques de cette période : les proto-mots et les mots. Une fois nos unités identifiées, nous effectuons une analyse longitudinale de quatre enfants, de un an à deux ans. Nous avons d'abord identifié un phénomène de substitution des mots aux proto-mots. Ensuite, nous avons observé les deux éléments communs à ces productions : la prosodie et la phonologie. Il découle de notre analyse que la prosodie fournit un cadre commun assurant la transition entre les proto-mots et les mots, et que la phonologie est le domaine où s'observent les différences : les mots sont le lieu du développement des structures phonologiques complexes, contrairement aux proto-mots. Nous avons pu considérer que parler, c'était privilégier les motscomme support de communication verbale, par rapport aux proto-mots, et que cette particularité est l'objet du développement phonologique. / This research focuses on the possibility to compare prelinguistic utterances and linguistic utterances of the first words period. The definition of protoword and word notions is not clear; while we consider different approaches to determine them: historical, epistemological and experimental. The contribution of the historical approach is essential to identify the problem and to bethink how a society in different historical periods considers speech. This section allows us to highlight two elements: the question of the speech emergence implies the notion of social representation, and nowadays, the word emergence is during the first words period. The analysis of this period leads to our epistemological part which defines units of this period: protowords and words. Once units identified, we perform a longitudinal analysis of four children, from one to two years. Firstly, we identify a phenomenon of substitution of protowords in words. Secondly, we observe two common elements in these productions: prosody and phonology. We show that prosody provides a common framework to ensure the transition between protowords and words, and that phonology is the area where differences are observed: the words are the place for the development of complex phonological structures, unlike protowords. We consider that the emergence of speech is when the children prefer using words as verbal communication medium, instead of protowords, and that this feature is the object of phonological development.

The topic of the dissertation is the communication of the deaf in written Czech. The theoretical part presents the studies of written Czech for the deaf which have been carried out in the Czech Republic so far, considers the causes of difficulties the deaf encounter when making Czech written texts, and deals with the position of written Czech in the education of the deaf. The next part is devoted to the Czech sign language, the characteristics of its specifics and its role in the communication and education of deaf pupils, especially in connection with the currently valid legislation. Attention is also focused on the components and construction of narrative texts and on the acquisition of narrative competencies in spoken and sign languages. The research part is focused on the qualitative analysis of narrative texts in Czech, the authors of which are deaf pupils of two primary schools for the hearing impaired aged 14 to 16, and which were created on the basis of a picture story. As part of the analysis of written narratives, attention is focused on the specific features which make the written texts of the deaf different from the texts written by hearing Czechs. The phonic structure of words, vocabulary, the morphological and syntactic level, the ways in which deaf authors construct narrative texts...

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23003号 / 理博第4680号 / 新制||理||1671(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 福間 將文, 教授 畑 浩之, 教授 田中 貴浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Riksdagen beskrivs ibland som Sveriges demokratiska och politiska hjärta. Alla medborgare ska kunna delta i den demokratiska diskussionen. Personer med hörselnedsättning och dövhet fick denna rättighet år 2000. Denna studie har undersökt teckenspråkstolkningen av en partiledardebatt i Sverigesriksdag. Fokus i studien har varit teckenspråkstolkars så kallade copingstrategier, dvs. språkliga och tolktekniska strategier i tolkningen som används för att säkerställa tolkningens kvalitet. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ, diskursanalytisk ansats. Materialet består av en tre timmar och 35 minuter lång filmad partiledardebatt samt en semistrukturerad intervju med en teckenspråkstolk med lång erfarenhet från tolkning i riksdagen. I materialet har sju olika copingstrategier identifierats: processtid, bokstavering, adekvata utelämningar, adekvata tillägg, samarbete med teamtolken, parafrasering och konstruerat agerande. Förhoppningen är att genom systematisk beskrivning och analys synliggöra teckenspråkstolkning som profession, och hur denna i sin tur bidrar till tillgänglighet och inkludering i den svenska demokratin. / Sometimes the Swedish Parliament is described as the heart of the Swedish democracy and politics. Every Swedish citizen has the right to participate in the political discussion. People with a disabled hearing and deaf people got this right in 2000. This essay has examined the sign language interpretation of a party leader debate in the Swedish Parliament. The main focus of this essay has been the sign language interpreters’ usage of coping strategies, in other words, techniques of interpretation and linguistic strategies, which secure the quality of the interpretation. The study is based on a discourse analytical perspective with a qualitative approach. The results are based on a three hours and 35 minutes lasting, video-recorded debate between the leaders of the different parties of the Swedish Parliament, and on a semi-structured interview with a sign language interpreter with a long experience as an interpreter in the Swedish Parliament. Seven different coping strategies could be identified and analyzed: lag time, spelling, adequate omissions, adequate additions, cooperation with the team interpreter, paraphrasing, constructed acting. Hopefully, this systematic description and analysis can help to spread some light on the profession of sign language interpretation, and how it contributes to accessibility and inclusion into the Swedish democracy.