Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och bidra med kunskap om hur undervisningen om likhetstecknets innebörd kan se ut i ett svenskt klassrum. Det som undersöks är hur en lärare skapar möjlighet för eleverna att urskilja kritiska aspekter av likhetstecknets innebörd genom variationsmönster. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom stimulated recall i en åk 2 med en lärare som har tio års arbetslivserfarenhet som lärare vid ett undervisningstillfälle. Analysen av datamaterialet gjordes med inspiration från variationsteorin. Resultatet visade att fyra kritiska aspekter gjordes möjliga för eleverna att urskilja. Detta gjordes genom olika variationsmönster som skapades genom användandet av öppna utsagor och olika representationsformer. / The aim of this study is to research and bring knowledge about how the meaning of the equality sign can be taught in a Swedish classroom. The research focuses on how a teacher creates possibilities for the students to discern critical aspects of the meaning of the equality sign through patterns of variation. The data was collected by using stimulated recall during one lesson in a year 2 classroom with a teacher who has been working as a teacher for ten years. The collected material was analysed with inspiration from the variation theory. The result shows that four critical aspects were made visible to the students. This was done through dif- ferent patterns of variation that was created by the use of different forms of representation.

I detta arbete utvecklas ett nytt stöldförebyggande skyltsystem för tillfälliga trafikskyltar. Fästet hos det utvecklade skyltsystemet bidrar till att stöld och vandalisering av skyltarna försvåras genom att vara låsande. Viktig trafikinformation kan därför bevaras i trafiken. Det nya skyltsystemet möjliggör montering av flera skyltar på båda sidor av stolpen med steglös höjdjustering.  Skyltsystemet som utvecklats har många av det befintliga systemets fördelar. Det har även fördelar som det befintliga systemet saknar och stor utvecklingspotential. I arbetet utförs även simulationer, beräkningar, hållfasthetstester och användartester för att säkerställa att systemet är säkert att använda i trafiken. / In this project, a new anti-theft sign system is being developed for temporary traffic signs. The connection between the sign and pole of the developed sign system contributes to the theft and vandalism of the signs being made more difficult by being self-locking. Important traffic information can therefore remain in traffic. The new sign system enables mounting of several signs on both sides of the post with stepless height adjustment. The sign system that has been developed has many of the existing systems advantages. It also has advantages that the existing system lacks and great development potential. The project also contains simulations, calculations, strength tests and user tests to ensure that the system is safe to use in traffic.

Eftersom användningen av lösenord och behovet av skyddade konton alltjämt växer i dagenssamhälle växer också frågan om IT-säkerhet. Webbsidor och appar på mobilen kan krävainloggningar som skyddar den information som ligger där. Det finns många tillvägagångssättvid inloggning, egna lösenord som man memorerar har länge varit ett självklart sätt logga inpå. Detta skapar dock osäkerhet då lösenord ofta upprepas på flera olika webbplatser ellerkonton. Flera lösningar finns idag för detta, Single Sign On (SSO), biometri ochlösenordshanterare. Dessa inloggningsmetoder används alltmer, men av växlandeanledningar. Människor vill att saker ska gå fort och att det sker med högbekvämlighetsfaktor, samtidigt som de vill skydda sin information från attacker eller förlustav denna. Var går egentligen gränsen och hur spelar detta roll i valet avregistrerings/inloggningsmetod? Den låga svarsfrekvensen för denna studie innebär attresultaten i denna undersökning inte anses pålitliga. Detta är en kvantitativ studie somundersöker användares syn på Single Sign On och biometri som ett alternativ tilllösenordshanterare. Detta är en kvantitativ studie som undersöker användares syn på Single Sign On och biometrisom ett alternativ till lösenordshanterare.

Purpose: Health literacy and obesity are major global issues. Vulnerable populations, such as those with low health literacy, have the highest rates of obesity. Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) nations have the highest prevalence of obesity in the world. This study describes the relationship between health literacy and demographic variables in a sample of NHOPI caregiving adults. Methods: We conducted a correlational study of 364 NHOPI adults. Each was a caregiver of at least one NHOPI child. Data were collected at grocery stores and a preschool in two Hawaiian Islands (n=209) and at NHOPI events in Utah (n=155). Our questionnaire included demographics, the Newest Vital Sign, and questions about caregivers' food-serving and activity promotion. Results: 45% of the sample had limited health literacy. There was no significant difference between participants' health literacy in Hawaii and Utah. Other demographic variables (gender, age, income, BMI, and education) had a significant relationship with health literacy. Conclusions: Many NHOPIs have limited health literacy. This is concerning as limited health literacy can reduce an adults' ability to use health-related materials including nutrition facts labels.Implications for Practice: Health care providers should not assume NHOPIs understand nutrition facts labels. Instruction on nutrition facts labels should be available in schools and communities. Future research should examine effective interventions for this population.

The title page is clearly the main representative of the print media, which often determines their success or failure. An even greater justification for the tabloid newspapers whose everyday existence depends on nonabonent readers. A typical representative of tabloid domestic news is Aha!, which creates his main communicator with no real functioning of the theoretical model. This does not mean that it does not work with repetitive characters or signs in this work to clearly identify key elements for creating and thus the theoretical framework that can be used in practice. To this will serve as an analysis relating to the actual Aha!, so comparisons with by the Lidove noviny and Hospodarske noviny. Researched topic will also be given one of the topical issues related images and text.

In the first chapter we will have a look at the transformation and evolution of a photo-camera which on its way to become a medium ofcommunication came a long way from cumbersome glass-plate machinery to the current ubiquitous day-to-day personal digital companion. In the second chapter we will explore the effects of digitisation on the theoretical notion of photography and its position in the present context. Next we will touch on the movement of pragmatism (primarily those versions ofCharles Sanders Peirce and William James) that will allow us to regard our matter as a more holistic interactive problem than dissected pieces of a puzzle; and we will also recapitulate parts of Peirce's theory of signs that are relevant to our cause. The fourth chapter is about the ability of symbolic reasoning - a feature so unique in the world that it is only found in humans and whose principles are very close to the thought-sign system that Peirce devised. In the fifth and last chapter we will see how all that connects to the photographs themselves when they are used in the current digital intention-laden semiotic manner. I

Sign language in Tanzania is a relatively new field of linguistics that is yet to attract many researchers and linguists in particular Tanzanian Sign Language (TSL) functions as a unifying tool for the deaf in the country and, probably, beyond. This language, which is still at its early stage of development, is used in the same linguistic environment with Kiswahili, the national language, which is more established. The situation leaves TSL disadvantaged and is thus likely to cause a one-way linguistic influence, from Kiswahili to TSL. This paper, therefore, examines the nature and impact of the situation. Firstly, it focuses on the question of whether or not TSL is an independent language that has developed as a seperate language, quite distinct from the spoken languages of the communities that surround it, especially Kiswahili. Secondly, it examines the extent to which Kiswahili has influenced TSL and thus the role that the former plays in learning and developing the latter. The results of the study show that Kiswahili has had some influence on TSL but the influence is marginal at lexical level. Of all the signs studied, only 13% were directly related to Kiswahili. The majority of the signs studied were found to be iconic in nature, but only 12% of all signs were semantically transparent. Even in these cases where the signs are transparent, the transparency of the signs is not based on one`s knowledge of Kiswahili. Most of the transparent signs are common gestures that any person of any ethnic origin can interpret. The study has thus established that TSL is more of a sign language than signed language. It is an indigenous African sign language, unrelated to the Western Sign Languages, except for the manual alphabet. Finally, the study predicts that much of the transperancy and iconicity in TSL will gradually fade away as the language develops across time, space, and generations.

En stor mängd parkeringsböter ges ut varje år i Sverige. Tidningsartiklar uttrycker att parkeringsskyltar kan vara komplicerade att tolka och enligt flera studier finns en brist av förståelse gällande skyltarna. Denna studie har som syfte att ge förslag hur man designar en applikation för att hjälpa personer att undkomma problemet. Mer specifikt undersöks hur marknaden för befintliga parkeringsapplikationer ser ut, hur det upplevda behovet, samt intresset ser ut och kan skilja sig bland olika grupper. För att kunna besvara dessa frågor har både kvantitativ och kvalitativ data samlats in med hjälp av en enkät, dokument och intervjuer. Genom två forskningsstrategier, Design & Skapande och Undersökning samt via en användarcentrerad designmetod har studiens frågeställning kunnat besvaras. Slutsatsen av studien är att bland de mest använda redan befintliga applikationer som finns idag saknas funktioner som hjälper personer att tolka skyltar. Det finns ett starkt upplevt behov och ett stort intresse för en applikation som hjälper att tolka regler utifrån parkeringsskyltar. Behovet skiljer sig bland grupper, där förare som kör sällan i storstäder har ett större behov än de som kör mer frekvent. Resultatet visar även en antydning att personer i åldrarna 31–44 har ett mindre behov än andra åldersgrupper. Studien kom fram till att den mest användbara designen ska innehålla två nyckelfunktionaliteter. Det första är, att genom en kamera fota en skylt och få regler beskrivna, det andra är en karta där användare ser tillgängliga parkeringar och dess regler. / A large amount of parking tickets is handed out each year in Sweden. Articles in newspapers express that parking signs can be complicated to interpret and several studies show that there is a lack of knowledge regarding the signs. The purpose of this study is to develop a design proposition to help people avoid the problems with parking signs. More into depth research will be performed to analyse the market regarding existing applications, how the need and interest for an application can differ from groups. To answer these questions data will be gathered through a survey, document and interviews. By using two research strategies, design & creation and Survey the research questions could be answered. The conclusion of the market analysis shows that existing popular applications are lacking the functionality that helps people understand parking signs. The study also shows that a strong need and high interest is present for a parking application that aids people avoid parking tickets. The need differs from groups, where people who rarely drive in large cities have a larger need than those who drive more frequently. Another conclusion is that people aged 31-44 feel that they more infrequently need to have parking signs interpreted than other age groups. The study concluded that to get the highest usability in the application, two key functionalities should be included. The first one is a camera that can be used to take a photo of a sign and get the rules described. The second is a map where the users can see eligible parking spots and what the rules are.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / This thesis presents a system for performing whole gesture recognition for South African Sign Language. The system uses feature vectors combined with Hidden Markov models. In order to construct a feature vector, dynamic segmentation must occur to extract the signer's hand movements. Techniques and methods for normalising variations that occur when recording a signer performing a gesture, are investigated. The system has a classification rate of 69%.

The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction in sign language in a classroom in the special school for deaf and hard of hearing pupils. Three questions are of particular interest: What characterizes interaction in educational situations where the whole class is present compared to half the class and when the pupils in small groups are solving problems given by the teacher? How are a hearing and a deaf teacher interacting in the classroom? And How are boys and girls interacting in different educational situations? Theoretically the study is based on an educational interaction model. Of particular interest in this model are restrictive and permissive aspects of teaching and factors stimulating pupil participation. Symbolic interactionism has been used in the interpretation of face-to-face interaction in sign language. Video recordings of classroom interaction in natural sciences were documented in a class in the special school comprising 17 pupils and three teachers. A total of seven lessons were recorded consisting of whole class teaching, half class teaching and problem solving in small groups. Of the pupils ten were girls and seven were boys and of the teachers one was hearing and one was deaf. The third teacher was only temporarily in the class and was not included in the analysis. The recorded material was transcribed and analyzed in six steps. The results show that the teachers are most restrictive in whole class teaching while there is more participation from the pupils in half class teaching. In the small group problem solving the teachers seem to be more interested in the group process than in getting an answer to the problem. This gives a lot of room for individual actions and interaction of a relational kind rather than educational. There tend to be some visible differences between the hearing and the deaf teacher. The former uses a more individual approach towards the pupils, I-Gaze, which leaves room for the pupils to be engaged in other activities. The deaf teacher on the other hand keeps all the pupils engaged by using a group approach, G-Gaze. Other differences are the use of literacy tools where the deaf teacher situates the material and keeps the attention of the pupils by telling a narrative. Concerning differences between boys and girls it is evident that the boys are more dominant in whole class and half class interactions while the girls tend to take over the teacher role in small group interaction. These results are discussed in relation to theoretical background and research on classroom interaction in the compulsory school and in schools for deaf pupils.