Samtliga nya detaljplaner behöver genomgå en undersökning tidigt i planprocessen för att bedöma om planen tros kunna orsaka en betydande miljöpåverkan och i så fall behöva genomgå en strategisk miljöbedömning. Structor Miljöteknik arbetar med miljöbedömningar av detaljplaner med målsättningen är att väva in miljöanpassningsåtgärder i ett så tidigt skede av planeringen som möjligt för att bidra till en hållbar stadsplanering. En strategi med tillhörande processverktyg togs fram i samband med ett tidigare examensarbete för att underlätta detta arbetssätt. Verktyget är anpassad för användare som redan är väl insatta i dem framtagna strategin, och kan därmed upplevas som tung att sätta sig in i. För att fler ska kunna tänka sig att använda det och för att den framtagna strategin ska få större genomslag hos Sveriges kommuner behöver därför verktyget vidareutvecklas och bli mer användarvänligt.  En utvärderande studie gjordes av den arbetsprocess som Structor Miljöteknik har för undersökningar i syfte att identifiera dess styrkor och svagheter. Utifrån denna studie, intervjuer med Naturvårdsverket, Boverket, Länsstyrelsen i Örebro län, Motala kommun och konsulter från Structor Miljöteknik samt en egen utvärdering av det befintliga verktyget togs flera kriterier fram för det nya verktyget. Kriterierna gavs olika prioriteringar som baserades på i vilken grad uppfyllandet av kriteriet ansågs bidra till ökad funktionalitet, automatisering och användarvänlighet. Microsoft Excel identifierades som en lämplig programvara för verktyget då majoriteten av kriterierna bedömdes kunna uppfyllas i det. En plan för vidareutvecklingen av verktyget togs fram som delades in i 4 etapper: framtagande av grund, uppfylla satta kriterier, författa en vägledning och tester och utvärdering. På grund av tidsbrist färdigställdes dock endast den första etappen fullt ut. Grundversionen av det nya verktyget gav goda förutsättningar att uppfylla kriterierna med hög prioritet samt merparten av de övriga.  Möjligheten att uppfylla de olika framtagna kriterierna och tillvägagångsättet för att i ett vidare arbete slutföra utvecklingsprocessen analyserades och presenterades. / When a new local plan is crafted an early screening during the planning process is required to examine if the plan has significant environmental impact. If the plan is believed to have significant environmental impact a strategic environmental assessment needs to be conducted. The company Structor Miljöteknik has a way of working with the environmental assessment of plans where the goal is to incorporate measures striving for greater environmental sustainability early in the process. Today the company does this using a strategy and a processing tool that was created by Sandström. The use of the processing tools is limited by the fact that it requires a user with deeper understanding of the tools construction to be able to use it. Therefore, there is a need for further development of the processing tool to achieve a more user-friendly interface, so that its use become more widespread and the environmental profits of it can be reaped. An evaluative study has been conducted to pinpoint the strength and weaknesses in the process used by Structor Miljöteknik currently. Within this study extensive interviews have been conducted with different government agencies, country administrative board, municipality and people working in the private company Structor Miljöteknik. Based on the interviews several criteria for a developed processing tool were identified. All the criteria were then rated based on three parameters: functionality, automation and user friendliness. Microsoft Excel was identified as suitable software product to use for the processing tool since it enabled most of the criteria to be fulfilled. The further development of the processing tool was divided into four steps: creating a foundation, fulfilling the set criteria, creating a manual and tests and evaluation. In this report the first step was completed, laying a foundation that has great potential for achieving the criteria with high priority as well as most of the other criteria when the further steps are developed.

This research focused on the experiences of HIV disclosure to significant others amongst people living with HIV. The aim of the research was to explore how people living with HIV experience disclosure of their HIV positive status to their significant others. The social constructionist perspective was utilized to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of HIV positive status disclosure to significant others. The study’s sample comprised of five participants who were recruited using purposive sampling strategy. Data was collected with using face to face semi structured interviews. Themes were extracted and analysed using thematic content analysis. An analysis was made as to whom participants choose to disclose to, the reaction of the people they disclosed to, as well as their reasons for disclosing. Results were reported as the participants’ experiences and noted as is or unadulterated. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

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(EN) This dissertation provides a broad understanding of fundamental terminology and an inside view of the digitization workflow and quality control processes. The main foci are on quality assurance during and outside the digitization processes and identification of the most suitable format for access, long term preservation, rendering and reformatting issues. An analysis of selected digitization centers is also included. An application called DIFFER (Determinator of Image File Format propERties) and subsequently The Image Data Validator - DIFFER has been developed using results from previously conducted research. The application utilizes new methods and technologies to help accelerate the whole processing and quality control. The goal was to develop a quality control application for a select group of relevant still image file formats capable of performing identification, characterization, validation and visual/mathematical comparison integrated into an operational digital preservation framework. This application comes with a well-structured graphic user interface, which helps the end user to understand the relationships between various file format properties, detect visual and non visual errors and simplify decision-making. Additional comprehensive annexes, describing the most crucial still image...

The dissertation deals with modern approaches to the study of the student’s teams movement, proposes a model of competitive graduate, presents the results of studies to determine the level of formation of competences among representatives of the student’ self-management. The author shows that the level of competitiveness of fighters of the students’ teams movement is higher than that of other students’ organizations. He identified current problems of the students’ teams movement, proposed a new structure of UrFU Staff students’ teams, presented the results of an experiment on creation profiled students’ teams and made a map of formation of general cultural competence in activities of the students’ teams movement. / В диссертации рассмотрены современные подходы к изучению движения студенческих отрядов, предложена модель конкурентоспособного выпускника, представлены результаты исследований по определению уровня сформированности компетенций у представителей органов студенческого самоуправления. Автором показано, что уровень конкурентоспособности бойцов движения студенческих отрядов выше, чем у представителей других студенческих организаций. Выявлены актуальные проблемы движения студенческих отрядов, предложена новая структура Штаба студенческих отрядов УрФУ, представлены результаты эксперимента по созданию профильных студенческих отрядов, разработана карта формирования общекультурных компетенций в деятельности движения студенческих отрядов.

Актуальность магистерского исследования детерминирована необходимостью решения на государственном уровне проблемы воспитания патриотизма как основы консолидации общества и укрепления государства. Проблема связана с необходимостью противодействия фальсификации российской истории, разрушению системы традиционно-нравственных ценностей российской молодежи. Достижение данной цели предполагает решение задач совершенствования системы воспитания детей и молодежи, формирования социально активной личности гражданина и патриота. Приоритетным направлением государственной молодежной политики является создание условий для повышения гражданской ответственности за судьбу страны, обеспечение национальной безопасности и устойчивого развития социума. С целью актуализации потенциала молодого поколения необходимо осуществлять поддержку молодежных проектных инициатив. Проектный подход в государственной молодежной политике рассматривается и как образовательная технология и как инструмент воспитательной деятельности. Целью работы является совершенствование технологий военно-патриотического воспитания. Задачи, решенные в диссертации: анализ концепций военно-патриотического воспитания, проблем и перспектив системы военно-патриотического воспитания; изучение потенциала проектной деятельности молодежных организаций и Федерального агентства по делам молодежи «Росмолодежь» в военно-патриотическом воспитании; Разработка социального проекта патриотического воспитания «Бал Героев Отечества». Объект исследования – военно-патриотическое воспитание «Росмолодежи», предмет – проектные технологии военно-патриотического воспитания. Методы исследования: теоретический анализ нормативной, правовой информации и научной литературы по теме патриотического исследования; количественно-качественный анализ проектных инициатив молодежи. Новизной диссертационного исследования является выделение в военно-патриотическом воспитании широкого, социально-педагогического компонента, обеспечивающего глубокое понимание каждым молодым человеком своей роли и места в служении Отечеству, и специфического, в большей степени нацеленного на подготовку к конкретной деятельности, определяемой спецификой военной службы. Актуализация потенциала современной российской молодежи осуществляется в рамках Всероссийского конкурса молодежных проектов и Всероссийской молодежной форумной кампании. Традиционный метод анализа, выявляющий суть проекта, иллюстрирует превалирование проектов военно-патриотического воспитания, разработанных на основе специфического компонента. Более широкий социально-педагогический компонент представлен минимально в выигравших проектах. Представляется перспективным и необходимым разработку проектов более широкой направленности в рамках военно-патриотического воспитания. Теоретические разработки могут быть использованы для научного обоснования программ военно-патриотического воспитания молодежи, подготовки проектных заявок на грантовые конкурсы социально значимых инициатив. Разработанный проект может быть использован для организации культурно-досуговой деятельности как технологии формирования ценностных ориентаций в военно-патриотическом воспитании в разных молодежных группах. / The relevance of the master's study is determined by the need to solve at the state level the problem of the upbringing of patriotism as the basis for the consolidation of society and the strengthening of the state. The problem is related to the need to counter the falsification of Russian history, the destruction of the system of traditional moral values of Russian youth. Achieving this goal involves solving the problems of improving the system of upbringing of children and youth, forming a socially active personality of a citizen and patriot. The priority direction of state youth policy is to create conditions for increasing civil responsibility for the fate of the country, ensuring national security and sustainable development of society. In order to actualize the potential of the young generation, it is necessary to support youth project initiatives. The project approach in state youth policy is considered both as an educational technology and as an instrument of upbringing activity. The aim of the work is to improve the technology of military-patriotic upbringing. Tasks solved in the dissertation: analysis of the concepts of military-patriotic upbringing, problems and prospects of the system of military-patriotic upbringing; the study of the potential of the project activities of youth organizations and the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs "Rosmolodezh" in military-patriotic upbringing; Development of a social project of patriotic upbringing "Ball of Heroes of the Fatherland". The object of study is the military-patriotic upbringing of Rosmolodezh, the subject is the project technology of military-patriotic upbringing Research methods: theoretical analysis of regulatory, legal information and scientific literature on the topic of patriotic research; quantitative and qualitative analysis of youth project initiatives. The novelty of the dissertation research is the allocation in the military-patriotic upbringing of a broad, socio-pedagogical component that provides each young man with a deep understanding of his role and place in serving the Fatherland, and a specific one, more aimed at preparing for a specific activity determined by the specifics of military service. The potential of modern Russian youth is actualized within the framework of the All-Russian contest of youth projects and the All-Russian youth forum campaign. The traditional method of analysis, revealing the essence of the project, illustrates the prevalence of military-patriotic education projects developed on the basis of a specific component. A wider socio-pedagogical component is represented minimally in the winning projects. It seems promising and necessary to develop projects of a broader orientation within the framework of military-patriotic upbringing. Theoretical developments can be used to scientifically substantiate military-patriotic youth upbringing programs, to prepare project applications for grant competitions for socially significant initiatives. The developed project can be used to organize cultural and leisure activities as a technology for the formation of value orientations in military-patriotic upbringing in different youth groups.

O controle da extrusão apical durante a reintervenção endodôntica é essencial para o sucesso do novo tratamento. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a quantidade de material sólido extruído na desobturação de canais radiculares variando-se a técnica de esvaziamento e o limite de obturação. Foram utilizados 40 incisivos inferiores previamente tratados divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o limite de obturação estabelecido. Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois subgrupos levando-se em conta a técnica de desobturação empregada; manual (subgrupos A1 e B1) e mecânico-rotatória com limas de Ni-Ti (Quantec LX) (subgrupos A2 e B2). O material sólido extruído foi coletado por meio do sistema de filtração Millipore, levado à secagem em dessecador de sílica e pesado em balança analítica de precisão. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a ANOVA para dois fatores de variação sendo em seguida empregado o Teste de Tukey (&#945; = 5%). A técnica de desobturação mecânico-rotatória produziu menor extrusão (0,66mg) que a manual (1,11mg), havendo diferença estatística significante entre elas (p < 0,05). Os canais preenchidos até o vértice radiográfico apresentaram maior quantidade de extrusão (1,38mg) do que os obturados 1 mm aquém do forame (0,39mg), observando-se diferença estatística significante entre eles (p < 0,05). A menor quantidade extrusão foi observada no subgrupo A2 (0,20mg), em que foi empregada a técnica rotatória de desobturação em canais obturados 1mm aquém do forame apical, sendo constatada diferença estatisticamente significante deste subgrupo com os demais (p < 0,05). A extrusão de material sólido durante a desobturação de canais radiculares é influenciado pela técnica empregada e pelo limite apical de obturação. / The apical extrusion control during the endodontic retreatment is essential for the success of the new treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the quantity of solid apically extruded material during filling removal according the gutta-percha removal technique and root filling limit. Forty mandibular incisors with a single straight canal were selected. The canals were previously endodontically treated and then divided into two groups according the filling level. Each group was subdivided in two groups considering the retreatment technique: stainless steel hand files (subgroups A1 and B1) versus niquel-titanium rotatory instruments (subgroups A2 and B2). The extruded solid material was collected by Millipore filtration system, dried in silica desiccators and weighed in an eletrobalance. The results were analyzed using ANOVA with two variation factors and Tukey Test (&#945; = 5%). The niquel-titanium rotatory instruments produced less extrusion (0,66mg) than the stainless steel hand files (1,11mg), with significant statistical difference between them (p < 0,05). The canals filled until the radiographic apex showed larger amount of extruded material (1,38mg) than those filled 1 mm beyond the foramen (0,39mg). It was observed significant statistical difference between them (p < 0,05). The smaller extruded debris amount was observed in subgroup A2 (0,20mg), in which one the rotary technique was used to remove the gutta-percha of canals filled 1mm beyond the apical foramen. It was verified significant statistical difference of this subgroup with the other ones (p < 0,05). The extrusion of solid material during the gutta-percha removal is influenced by the technique as well as the apical filling limit.

O controle da extrusão apical durante a reintervenção endodôntica é essencial para o sucesso do novo tratamento. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a quantidade de material sólido extruído na desobturação de canais radiculares variando-se a técnica de esvaziamento e o limite de obturação. Foram utilizados 40 incisivos inferiores previamente tratados divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o limite de obturação estabelecido. Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois subgrupos levando-se em conta a técnica de desobturação empregada; manual (subgrupos A1 e B1) e mecânico-rotatória com limas de Ni-Ti (Quantec LX) (subgrupos A2 e B2). O material sólido extruído foi coletado por meio do sistema de filtração Millipore, levado à secagem em dessecador de sílica e pesado em balança analítica de precisão. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a ANOVA para dois fatores de variação sendo em seguida empregado o Teste de Tukey (&#945; = 5%). A técnica de desobturação mecânico-rotatória produziu menor extrusão (0,66mg) que a manual (1,11mg), havendo diferença estatística significante entre elas (p < 0,05). Os canais preenchidos até o vértice radiográfico apresentaram maior quantidade de extrusão (1,38mg) do que os obturados 1 mm aquém do forame (0,39mg), observando-se diferença estatística significante entre eles (p < 0,05). A menor quantidade extrusão foi observada no subgrupo A2 (0,20mg), em que foi empregada a técnica rotatória de desobturação em canais obturados 1mm aquém do forame apical, sendo constatada diferença estatisticamente significante deste subgrupo com os demais (p < 0,05). A extrusão de material sólido durante a desobturação de canais radiculares é influenciado pela técnica empregada e pelo limite apical de obturação. / The apical extrusion control during the endodontic retreatment is essential for the success of the new treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the quantity of solid apically extruded material during filling removal according the gutta-percha removal technique and root filling limit. Forty mandibular incisors with a single straight canal were selected. The canals were previously endodontically treated and then divided into two groups according the filling level. Each group was subdivided in two groups considering the retreatment technique: stainless steel hand files (subgroups A1 and B1) versus niquel-titanium rotatory instruments (subgroups A2 and B2). The extruded solid material was collected by Millipore filtration system, dried in silica desiccators and weighed in an eletrobalance. The results were analyzed using ANOVA with two variation factors and Tukey Test (&#945; = 5%). The niquel-titanium rotatory instruments produced less extrusion (0,66mg) than the stainless steel hand files (1,11mg), with significant statistical difference between them (p < 0,05). The canals filled until the radiographic apex showed larger amount of extruded material (1,38mg) than those filled 1 mm beyond the foramen (0,39mg). It was observed significant statistical difference between them (p < 0,05). The smaller extruded debris amount was observed in subgroup A2 (0,20mg), in which one the rotary technique was used to remove the gutta-percha of canals filled 1mm beyond the apical foramen. It was verified significant statistical difference of this subgroup with the other ones (p < 0,05). The extrusion of solid material during the gutta-percha removal is influenced by the technique as well as the apical filling limit.

本文主要針對因安隆公司所造成的會計醜聞事件對美國資本市場及投資大眾之影響，因此為解決公司治理及重建投資人之信心，美國國會迅速通過「沙賓法案」。由於沙賓法案對在美國的公開發行公司有重大的影響，尤其是第404條管理階層對內部控制之評估影響最大，故以沙賓法案第404條來探討其對金融業的影響及執行細節。 本論文分為五個章節 第一章，緒論為研究動機、研究目的、研究架構、研究方法 第二章，沙賓法案之產生背景、目的、內容及美國會計監督委員會之成立。 第三章，主要說明沙賓法案第404條相關內部控制之要求，及金融業如何藉由COSO的內部控制架構來證明其財務報表內部控制制度(ICOFR)之有效性及自我評估之要求。 第四章，沙賓法案對金融業所造成之影響及應採取之步驟。 第五章，結論與建議

There has existed for many years a memory enhancement technique ("memory pegs") that although having dramatic demonstrable success in some individual cases has not been generally applied in education. The emergence of constructivist epistemology has emphasised the notion that learning occurs as a result of connecting new material with previously learnt concepts. There is, therefore, the implication that effective learning requires some previous knowledge upon which to attach new concepts - and thus realisation of the importance of learning with respect to acquiring factual information as a prerequisite to learning new processes and/or skills. This issue has focussed my attention on the need to ensure that the more physiological skills of accessing 'memory', both for learning and recall, are optimised for maximum learning. Further, there are some indications that the physiological skills of memory access (storage and retrieval) may respond favourably to training and 'exercise'. This study was designed to find out whether or not a repeated 'exercise' using a simple memory enhancement technique would lead to a determinable and statistically significant increase in overall performance in a range of cognitive skills (as indicated by science and mathematics examination results), whether learning such a technique would affect a student's attitudes towards science, whether there was a relationship between the amount of time spent practicing the technique and the degree of effect, and whether the memory technique did actually improve the ability to recall lists of objects.