The starting point of this study is understanding religion as a mediatized and contested social phenomenon. The study aims to analyze how the Church of Jesus Christ Latter-Day Saints (LDS Church or the Mormons) is perceived by the Finnish people in the documentary film The Mission – Lähetyssaarnaajat (2022). Furthermore, the study intends to explain how and why certain types of religion can come to be seen and framed as problematic, respectively acceptable, in contemporary Finnish society. The methods that are employed to answer the research questions are qualitative content analysis and frame analysis. While the mediatization of religion is used as a theoretical backdrop in the study, the results are analyzed further with Hjelm’s (2014) idea of religion as a problem or utility, the concept of culturalized religion (Astor & Mayrl, 2020) and prior research. The final results of the study indicate that the LDS Church continues to be framed and perceived as an alien and potentially problematic denomination in Finland. That is due to the considered heretic and anti-scientific character of Mormon thought and the perception of the LDS Church as a restrictive denomination. The acceptable Finnish religion in the material is based, instead, on a cultural form of Lutheranism that prioritizes scientific reasoning and emphasizes individual well-being.

<p><strong>Síntesis:</strong></p><p>Esta tesina es un análisis contrastivo que trata de cómo se cambia un texto al ser traducido. Se basa en la novela, <em>Últimas tardes con Teresa</em> de Juan Marsé (1966) y su traducción al sueco, <em>Sista kvällarna med Teresa</em> (1981). El trabajo está dividido en las siguientes partes: la introducción que incluye los antecedentes, el objetivo, el propósito, la hipótesis, el método y el corpus. El análisis que se realiza al nivel de palabras, frases y oraciones muestra que se han cumplido las dos hipótesis, o sea que al traducir el texto ha ocurrido tanto una intelectualización como una intelectualización cero, esto debido a que el traductor ha añadido y omitido palabras, oraciones y frases. Y finalmente, las conclusiones donde resumo el resultado del análisis. A mi parecer estos cambios han contribuido a que la traducción del lenguaje escrito de la novela en español se acerque más al lenguaje hablado en sueco.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Hipótesis:</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Mis hipótesis del trabajo son: a) Probar si se cumple uno de los tipos de ’intelectualización’ de Levy (1983) <em>lo no dicho se dice</em>.b) Probar si ocurre también lo contrario, es decir, una ’intelectualización’ cero, según lo que yo pienso de <em>lo dicho no se dice</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Objetivo y propósito:</strong></p><p>El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar y sistematizar los cambios en mi material lingüístico, a saber: la traducción sueca de la novela de Juan Marsé <em>Últimas tardes con Teresa</em> mediante ejemplos de l<em>o no dicho se dice</em>, según Levy (1983) y <em>lo dicho no se dice</em>, según yo mismo, observados en el texto traducido en correlación a la versión española.</p><p>El propósito del trabajo es que el resultado pueda servir de ayuda a los estudiantes que traduzcan textos al sueco.</p>

Síntesis: Esta tesina es un análisis contrastivo que trata de cómo se cambia un texto al ser traducido. Se basa en la novela, Últimas tardes con Teresa de Juan Marsé (1966) y su traducción al sueco, Sista kvällarna med Teresa (1981). El trabajo está dividido en las siguientes partes: la introducción que incluye los antecedentes, el objetivo, el propósito, la hipótesis, el método y el corpus. El análisis que se realiza al nivel de palabras, frases y oraciones muestra que se han cumplido las dos hipótesis, o sea que al traducir el texto ha ocurrido tanto una intelectualización como una intelectualización cero, esto debido a que el traductor ha añadido y omitido palabras, oraciones y frases. Y finalmente, las conclusiones donde resumo el resultado del análisis. A mi parecer estos cambios han contribuido a que la traducción del lenguaje escrito de la novela en español se acerque más al lenguaje hablado en sueco. Hipótesis: Mis hipótesis del trabajo son: a) Probar si se cumple uno de los tipos de ’intelectualización’ de Levy (1983) lo no dicho se dice.b) Probar si ocurre también lo contrario, es decir, una ’intelectualización’ cero, según lo que yo pienso de lo dicho no se dice. Objetivo y propósito: El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar y sistematizar los cambios en mi material lingüístico, a saber: la traducción sueca de la novela de Juan Marsé Últimas tardes con Teresa mediante ejemplos de lo no dicho se dice, según Levy (1983) y lo dicho no se dice, según yo mismo, observados en el texto traducido en correlación a la versión española. El propósito del trabajo es que el resultado pueda servir de ayuda a los estudiantes que traduzcan textos al sueco.

The interpretation of a will is indeed a delicate matter. The government committee that developed the Wills Act (SFS 1930:104) described it as an area that ”offers particular difficulties”. When there is a will to be executed, however, the difficulties must be overcome. Frequently, a great deal of time has elapsed since the will was written, which may have led to several changes in different regards. For example, the testator may no longer be in possession of the property named in the will, or changes in the circle of legatees might have occured. When a will is to be interpreted, one must identify the actual underlying intent of the provision. If that is not possible, the executor must ask what the testator’s hypothetical intent would be in the particular situation. Hence, the interpretation process is strictly subjective. If, and only if, the determination of the actual or hypothetical intent of the testator is unsuccessful can one use supplementary presumptions. The Wills Act, which was incorporated almost unmodified into the Inheritance Code (SFS 1958:637), offers a few presumption rules that ”the normal testator” is presumed to approve. This phase of the interpretation is therefore objective. The presumption rules are subsidiary to the actual or hypothetical intent of the testator and ought only be used as an exception. The Supreme Court has, in accordance with this principle of subsidiarity, seldom applied a presumption rule. The court seems to prefer an interpretation of the testator’s intent, even if the intent is rather vague. The court’s case law shows that it does not take much to rebut one of the subsidiary presumptions. Due to the continuing development of society and its constellation of families, the need for development in the law of wills is likewise perpetual. Cohabitants, for example, do not inherit one another according to Swedish law, and thus it is crucial to make a will in favour of a cohabitant to provide for their protection. This paper does not propose a right of inheritance for cohabitants, but rather a presumption rule under specific circumstances: An explicit provision for free disposal of the property left for the surviving cohabitant is presumed to contain a provision for secondary inheritance due to the 3rd chapter of the Inheritance Code. Such a presumption would harmonise with established law and hopefully prevent future interpretation disputes.

I denna uppsats ämnar jag undersöka den historiska romanen som koncept genom en karaktärsanalys av fyra romaner av Vilhelm Moberg: Utvandrarna, Invandrarna, Nybyggarna och Sista brevet till Sverige, samt en av Jan Guillou: Brobyggarna. Dessa romaner är alla uppbyggda kring karaktärer som besitter mycket beslutsamhet och kampvilja, även om Jan Guillous karaktärer uppvisar kvaliteter som oftare associeras med superhjältar.  Som stöd i uppsatsen använder jag Georg Lukács The Historical Novel, i vilken han definierar hur en välskriven historisk är uppbyggd. Jag har även undersökt hur de båda författarna som är föremål för denna uppsats själva ser på sina verk, med extra fokus på deras sanningsanspråk. Detta eftersom Lukács särskilt poängterar att den historiska romanen måste vara, om inte sann, så trovärdig.  I analysen jämför jag ett urval av karaktärer från de olika verken med varandra för att se hur de passar in i Lukács definition av den historiska romanen. Jag poängterar att Guillous karaktärer är en aning för perfekta för att kunna betraktas som realistiska, medan Mobergs karaktärer framstår som mer levande och ärliga i sin strävan efter ett bättre liv. Guillou verkar skriva sin karaktärer som representanter för specifika historiska skeenden, snarare än som riktiga människor som påverkar av dessa skeenden. Därefter öppnar jag upp för en diskussion om de typiska egenskaperna hos karaktärerna i en historisk roman, och gör ett försök att förklara varför de måste skrivas på detta vis. / In this essay I aim to study the concept of the historical novel through a character analysis of four novels by Vilhelm Moberg: Utvandrarna, Invandrarna, Nybyggarna and Sista brevet till Sverige; and one by Jan Guillou: Brobyggarna. These novels all portray characters of great determination and grit, although the ones created by Jan Guillou tend to also have qualities moe commonly associated with superheroes.  To support my thesis, I use Georg Lukács´The Historical Novel, in which he defines what constitutes a well written historical novel. I have also researched how the two authors view their own works, with special emphasis on their claims to write truthfully, since one om Lukács main points is that the historical novel must be — not truthful — but realistic.  In the analysis I compare the characters from the different works with each other to see how they fit into Lukács´ definition of the historical novel. I make a point out of Guillou´s characters being a bit too perfect for them to be realaistic, while Moberg´s characters seem more alive and honest in their quest for a better life. Guillou seems to write his characters as representants of specific historical movements. I then open up for a discussion about the key characteristics of the characters in a historical, and attempt to explain why they have to be written in such a way.

<p>Uppsatsen beskriver tiden kring 50-talet för att genom detta visa den ungdomskultur som då uppstod. När filmen Ung rebell hade premiär 1955 var den en föregångare inom filmbranchen genom att gestalta ungdomskulturen på ett nytt sätt. Uppstasen analyserar denna film, Sista natten med gänget (1973), samt Grease (1978) för att visa vilka verktyg som används för att visa ungdomskulturen under denna tid. En del av analysen är att påvisa bilens roll i ungdomskulturen i film gesaltad under och strax efter 50-talet.</p>

<p>My aim for this essay is to investigate if The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a religious sect, on the basis of literature and information about the Mormons organisation and their religious standpoints. My conclusion is that Mormon Church is a religious sect. Their organisation has several sect characteristics according to sect definitions; see for example Göran Gustafsson (2000), Mikael Rothstein (1997) and Bryan R. Wilson (1970). Other researchers in religious studies think that the Mormon Church is not a sect but a cult. To a lot of people, researchers in religious studies or not, religious sects are something bad. This is an unbalanced view, because in many cases people should have been alcoholics or a drug addicts if they were not members of a religious sect. There are in all societies religious groups that are dangerous for the people who want to be within this kind of groups. According to my analysis The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints can’t be seen as a dangerous sect even if the church fit the definition for manipulative sects.</p>

My aim for this essay is to investigate if The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is a religious sect, on the basis of literature and information about the Mormons organisation and their religious standpoints. My conclusion is that Mormon Church is a religious sect. Their organisation has several sect characteristics according to sect definitions; see for example Göran Gustafsson (2000), Mikael Rothstein (1997) and Bryan R. Wilson (1970). Other researchers in religious studies think that the Mormon Church is not a sect but a cult. To a lot of people, researchers in religious studies or not, religious sects are something bad. This is an unbalanced view, because in many cases people should have been alcoholics or a drug addicts if they were not members of a religious sect. There are in all societies religious groups that are dangerous for the people who want to be within this kind of groups. According to my analysis The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints can’t be seen as a dangerous sect even if the church fit the definition for manipulative sects.

Uppsatsen beskriver tiden kring 50-talet för att genom detta visa den ungdomskultur som då uppstod. När filmen Ung rebell hade premiär 1955 var den en föregångare inom filmbranchen genom att gestalta ungdomskulturen på ett nytt sätt. Uppstasen analyserar denna film, Sista natten med gänget (1973), samt Grease (1978) för att visa vilka verktyg som används för att visa ungdomskulturen under denna tid. En del av analysen är att påvisa bilens roll i ungdomskulturen i film gesaltad under och strax efter 50-talet.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar konsumenternas val av leveransalternativ och varför dessa blir avgörande i konsumenternas sista milen val. Enligt tidigare forskning är sista milen leveranserna e-handelns minst hållbara del men som samtidigt också har störst potential att förändras till att bli mer hållbar. Något som kan ske genom olika påverkansfaktorer vilket kan få konsumenter att välja hållbart. En mix av kvalitativa metoder används vilken innehåller tre olika delstudier - skrivbordsstudie, semistrukturerade intervjuer och fokusgrupper. Studien genomförs inom e-handelsområdet i Sverige. Resultatet visar att ett antal faktorer blir avgörande för konsumenternas hållbara val i SML, varav kunskap och information ses som den främsta bristen vilken måste förbättras. Resultatet visar även på motstridigheter mellan teori, företag och konsumenter. Studien visar då på att konsumenterna inte besitter den hållbarhetsprioriteringen som teorin påstår. Detsamma gäller för företagen där endast 20 företag av de 100 främsta e-handelsföretagen i Sverige erbjuder ett hållbart leveransalternativ i SML. Det framgår ur studien att det krävs mer, tydligare och lättförståddinformation kring hållbarheten i SML. Däremot behöver denna information kommuniceras före, under och efter konsumentens köp. / The purpose of the study is to examine which factors influence consumers’ choice of delivery alternatives and why these factors become decisive in consumer’ last mile choices. According to previous research, last mile deliveries are the least sustainable part of the e-commerce, but at the same time also have the greatest potential to become more sustainable. That can happen through various influencing factors which can get consumers to make sustainable choices. A mix of qualitative methods is used, which contains three different sub-studies - a desktop study, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The study is carried out in the e-commerce business area in Sweden. Our findings reveal that a number of factors is decisive for consumers’ sustainable choices in SML, of which knowledge and information is seen as the main factor which must be improved. The findings also show contradictions between the theory, the companies and the consumers. The consumers do not possess the priority of sustainability that the theory claims they have. The same applies to the companies where only 20 companies out of the top 100 in the Swedish e-commerce offer a sustainable delivery alternative in SML. The study shows that more, clearer and information that is easier to understand regarding the sustainability of SML is required. On the contrary, this information needs to be communicated before, during and after the consumer's purchase. This thesis is written in Swedish.