Submitted by Denize Lourenço (biblicfp@cfp.ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-01-02T14:26:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ZENILDA RIBEIRO DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PROFLETRAS 2015.pdf: 3106562 bytes, checksum: 221256aeaa8e4b1afbdc9aa4fab93e04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-02T14:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ZENILDA RIBEIRO DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PROFLETRAS 2015.pdf: 3106562 bytes, checksum: 221256aeaa8e4b1afbdc9aa4fab93e04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-18 / Muitos são os trabalhos e publicações que têm buscado discutir as questões relacionadas ao ensino de língua portuguesa dentro dos moldes da atual sociedade, bem como as suas falhas, a exemplo de Antunes (2002), (2003) e (2009), Ferrarezi Jr. (2014), Gomes (2011), Lemos (2010), Marcuschi (2010), Moran (2014), Xavier (2011) e (2013), dentre outros. Grandes são as transformações palas quais a sociedade do século XXI vem passando, e dentre essas, vêm merecendo destaque as que são impulsionadas pelas TICs – Tecnologias da informação e da comunicação, cujos efeitos se fazem sentir também no dia-a-dia dos sujeitos e nos usos que estes fazem da linguagem. Autores como Lèvy (1993), (1999) e (2011), Primo (2011), Recuero (2014), apresentaram discussões sobre as novas formas de se comunicar e interagir por meio das redes sociais, como o Facebook, plataformas que vão além do entretenimento, mas também interferem nas formas como os jovens se relacionam e se expressam dentro dessa sociedade digital. Frente a todo esse efervescer de mudanças percebemos o ensino e a escola um tanto aquém desse movimento renovador e inovador. Tais constatações nos motivaram a empreender, nessa dissertação, um estudo voltado para o ensino-aprendizagem da escrita tendo os gêneros digitais, em especial o Facebook, como pano de fundo. Assim, nosso objetivo geral foi trabalhar as habilidades da escrita dos alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental a partir dos gêneros digitais, especialmente o Facebook. Para alcançar o nosso intento, realizamos, de início, uma pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, periódicos e artigos que versavam sobre o ensino da língua portuguesa, bem como publicações recentes que abordam o cenário educacional dentro dessa nova configuração de sociedade na qual estamos inseridos. Para verificar a aceitação dos alunos em relação ao trabalho com a red social Facebook, escolhemos como corpus da pesquisa uma turma de 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental e aplicamos um questionário focando no uso das redes sociais e da escrita nessas plataformas de entretenimento, cujos resultados encontram-se mais adiante explicitados. Nesse aspecto, nossa pesquisa caracteriza-se como sendo qualitativa com procedimentos próprios da etnografia, mais precisamente da etnografia digital, conforme Severino (2007) e Klem (2013). Os resultados do nosso estudo confirmaram a existência do que Antunes (2003) chama de fosso, ou seja, distância entre o que se vem estudando e o que de fato vem acontecendo dentro das salas de aula no que tange ao ensino da língua materna. Apontou para a necessidade de se reestruturar as formas de trabalho com o ensino da escrita, considerando os seus novos formatos, suportes, objetivos e funções sociais. A partir dos resultados das discussões aqui apresentadas e como fruto do nosso empreendimento investigativo, finalizamos apresentando uma cartilha pedagógica para usos do Facebook como ferramenta pedagógica contendo, além de um passo-a-passo, uma sequência didática. / Son muchos los trabajos y publicaciones que han buscado discutir las questiones relacionadas a la enseñanza de lengua portuguesa dentro de los moldes da actual sociedad, bien como sus fallas, como senãlan, por ejemplo, Antunes (2002), (2003) e (2009), Ferrarezi Jr. (2014), Gomes (2011), Lemos (2010), Marcuschi (2010), Moran (2014), Xavier (2011) e (2013), entre otros. Grandes son las transformaciones que la sociedad ven sufriendo en el siglo XXI. Por ejemplo, aquellas impulsionadas por las TICs – Tecnologías de información y comunicación, cuyos efectos se dejan sentir también en el cotidiano de las personas y en los usos que están se haciendo de la lengua. Autores como Lévy (1993), (1999) e (2011), Primo (2011), Recuero (2014), presentan discusiones sobre las nuevas formas de comunicarse e interagir por médio de las redes sociales como el Facebook, plataformas que van más allá del entretenimiento, pero también interferen en las maneras como los juévenes se relacionan y se expresan dentro de la sociedad digital. Toda esa ebulición de câmbios deja claro que la enseñanza y la escuela no han estado a la altura de todo eso movimiento renovador e innovador. Esas constataciones nos han estimulado a emprender, en este trabajo, un estudio voltado para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la escritura tiendo los géneros digitales, en especial el Facebook, como un telón de fundo. Asi, nuestro objetivo general fue trabajar las habilidades de la escritura de los alumnos del 9º año de la Enseñanza Básica desde los géneros digitales, especialmente el Facebook. Para lograr alcanzar nuestro intento, realizamos, inicialmente, una investigación bibliográfica en libros, periódicos e artículos que versaban sobre la enseñanza del português, bien como publicaciones recentes que discuten el escenario educativo dentro de la nueva configuración de sociedad en la cual vivimos. Para verificar la aceitación de los alunos respecto al trabajo con la red social Facebook, se elligió como corpus de la investigación la turma del 9º año de la Enseñanza Básica y se aplicó un cuestionario focando el uso de las redes sociales y de la escritura en esas plataformas de entretenimiento,cuyos resultados son explicitados más adelante. En ese aspecto, nuestra investigación se caracteriza como siendo qualitativa con procedimientos propios de la etnografía, más precisamente de la etnografía digital, de acuerdo con Severino 2007) y Klem (2013). Los resultados de nuestro estudio confirnan la existência de lo que Antunes (2003) llamó de fosso, es decir, distancia entre o que se está estudiando y lo que de facto sucede dentro de las clases de aula en lo que concierne a la enseñanza de lengua materna. Él destacó la necesidad de reestructurar las formas de trabajo con la enseñanza de la escritura sin perder de vista sus nuevos formatos, suportes, objetivos y funciones sociales. Desde los resultados de las discusiones presentadas, y como fruto de nuestro empreendimento investigativo, finalizamos presentando una herramienta pedagógica contienendo, además de un manual paso a paso, una sequencia didáctica.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2018-02-02T11:49:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3988589 bytes, checksum: 72472eec896aafbd01367e9fb5b01f16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-02T11:49:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3988589 bytes, checksum: 72472eec896aafbd01367e9fb5b01f16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / This dissertation aims to analyze the experiences and perceptions of children infected through vertical transmission, about the implications of living with HIV. This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, with individuals cared for in two SUS reference services in the treatment of AIDS located in the city of João Pessoa-PB, namely: Specialized Care Service (familiar SAE) in the Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW) and Complexo Hospitalar Clementino Fraga (CHCF). The development of the work took place in a period of one year and three months and included the participation of five families with children aged seven to eleven years old here understood as social networks, in the sense defined by Elizabeth Bott. This research was built out of an adaptation of the Daniel Bertaux‟s life stories method. The view of the children in this study have an important role because they act as interlocutors and are understood as agents able to produce, update and fill gaps on aspects related to their health condition. There is currently a growing interest in investigating children / childhood in the context of health, from their own looks, ideas and perspectives. However, the socio-anthropological studies on issues related to pediatric AIDS are still incipient. I argue that the children's answers reveal narrative fragments which represent significant social experiences, and it is essential also consider the individual characteristics, family and the broader socio-historical-cultural context in which the child participates. The life stories analyzed were told by many voices (polyphony) in order to have access to various points of view to better understand the issues investigated. The term "polyphony" is used in a meaning similar to that used by Clifford. The instruments used in the research were multiple, such as: in-depth interviews, in conversation format (dialogical method) with open questions; direct observation; production of drawings-stories with titles (free and thematic), various games, film and drama. The analysis of the results approached the thematic analysis proposed by Bardin, through which the following themes were organized: 1) Challenges of care social networks to HIV positive children; and, 2) Disease experiences of children living with HIV/AIDS. It was noted that while the literature emphasizes the diagnostic disclosure with children occurs another discovery, a progressive understanding of a condition that they have always been. Thus, knowledge about HIV / AIDS for them does not occur as a "biographic rupture," as described by Michael Bury, but as a read of clues. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar as experiências e percepções de crianças infectadas via transmissão vertical, acerca das implicações do viver com o vírus HIV. Essa é uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, realizada com pessoas atendidas em dois serviços de referência do SUS no tratamento da Aids, localizados na cidade de João Pessoa-PB, a saber: Serviço de Assistência Especializada (SAE familiar) do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW) e Complexo Hospitalar Clementino Fraga (CHCF). O desenvolvimento do trabalho se deu em um período de um ano e três meses e contou com a participação de cinco famílias com crianças de sete a onze anos, aqui entendidas enquanto redes sociais, no sentido definido por Elizabeth Bott. Essa pesquisa foi construída a partir de uma adaptação do método relatos de vida, de Daniel Bertaux. A visão das crianças, nesse estudo, tem um papel de destaque, pois elas atuam como interlocutoras e são compreendidas enquanto agentes capazes de produzir, atualizar e preencher lacunas acerca de aspectos relativos à sua condição de saúde. Há, atualmente, um crescente interesse em investigar crianças/infâncias no contexto da saúde, a partir de seus próprios olhares, concepções e perspectivas. Porém, os estudos socioantropológicos acerca das questões ligadas à Aids pediátrica ainda são incipientes. Defendo que as respostas das crianças revelam fragmentos de narrativas que representam experiências sociais significativas, e que é imprescindível considerar também as características individuais, familiares e o contexto sócio-histórico-cultural mais amplo do qual a criança participa. As histórias de vida analisadas foram contadas por muitas vozes (polifonias), a fim de ter acesso a vários pontos de vista para melhor compreensão das questões investigadas. O termo "polifonias" é empregado num sentido semelhante ao usado por Clifford. Os instrumentos utilizados na pesquisa foram múltiplos, tais como: entrevistas em profundidade, no formato de conversas (método dialógico), com perguntas abertas; observação direta; produção de desenhos-estórias com títulos (livres e temáticos), brincadeiras diversas, jogos, filme e dramatização. A análise dos resultados aproximou-se da Análise Temática, proposta por Bardin, por meio da qual foram organizados os seguintes eixos temáticos: 1) Desafios das redes sociais de cuidado às crianças soropositivas; e, 2) Experiências com a doença das crianças vivendo com HIV/Aids. Percebeu-se que, enquanto a literatura especializada enfatiza a revelação diagnóstica, com as crianças ocorre mais um descobrimento, uma progressiva compreensão de uma condição que elas possuem desde sempre. Assim, o conhecimento sobre o HIV/Aids para elas não ocorre como uma "ruptura biográfica", conforme descrita por Michael Bury, mas sim como uma leitura de indícios.

Submitted by FABIANA DA SILVA FRANÇA (fabiana21franca@gmail.com) on 2018-02-15T15:24:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivo total.pdf: 2566373 bytes, checksum: a7ef5133bbb3cb328ab782ee25bcabf4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T15:24:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivo total.pdf: 2566373 bytes, checksum: a7ef5133bbb3cb328ab782ee25bcabf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / It deals with an exploratory research with the purpose of investigating how society manifests itself on the black in the social network Facebook. For this, the theoretical framework on the current digital culture and also on racism was contextualized. The methodology was based on the use of software called NetVizz, which interacts with Facebook's Application Programming Interface (API), allowing the extraction of data for analysis. Among the six different types of NetVizz modules were chosen two of them: Page data and search data. The data were analyzed using the Bardin content analysis methodology. In view of the pre-established criteria, the page '' 30 Days Without Racism '' was selected for analysis and the research was divided into four categories: racism; Institutional racism; Reverse racism; Racism and racial insult. As it is extracted from the research, the social networks have great power of propagation of message and of social interactions. He verified that social actors use the network as a way to educate other users about racism and about the importance of combating prejudice and discrimination against blacks, generating diverse debates on the subject, among them what would or would not be framed as a crime, of Racism or racial insult. / Trata de uma pesquisa exploratória com a finalidade de investigar como a sociedade se manifesta sobre o negro na rede social Facebook. Para isso, foi contextualizado o referencial teórico sobre a cultura digital vigente e também sobre o racismo. A metodologia partiu do uso de um software denominado NetVizz, que interage com a API (Application Programming Interface) do Facebook, permitindo extrair dados para análise. Entre os seis tipos de módulos distintos do NetVizz foram escolhidos dois deles: dados de Páginas (page data) e pesquisa (search). Os dados encontrados foram analisados por meio da metodologia de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Diante dos critérios preestabelecidos, foi selecionada a página ‘’30 Dias Sem Racismo’’ para análise e a pesquisa se dividiu em quatro categorias: racismo; racismo institucional; racismo reverso; racismo e injúria racial. Conforme se extrai da pesquisa, as redes sociais têm grande poder de propagação de mensagem e de interações sociais. Verificou que os atores sociais utilizam a rede como forma de educar outros usuários sobre o racismo e sobre a importância do combate ao preconceito e discriminação contra os negros, gerando debates diversos sobre o assunto, entre eles o que seria ou não enquadrado como crime, de racismo ou injúria racial.

Through social learning, animals acquire information from others, such as skills and knowledge about the environment. High fidelity transmission of locally adaptive information can lead to population-specific traits, or cultural traits, which are fundamental to the emergence of culture. Despite social learning being widespread in the animal kingdom, culture is rare in nature. This thesis investigates the evolution, ecology, and dynamics of social learning, to increase our understanding why species differ in their ability to generate and accumulate cultural traits, and ultimately how complex human culture emerged. Chapter 2 introduces a novel computational model that explicitly incorporates competition into the social learning context. The model predicts that social learning is most adaptive where resources are unevenly distributed and stable through time, even if individuals compete for limited resources. The model provides an explanation for reports of animals disregarding social information, even if it is available. Testing these predictions Chapter 3 presents a bumblebee foraging experiment. The results support the theoretical predictions, showing that foragers use social information to find rewarding flowers, even if social cues indicate competition. Chapter 4 further examines the trade-off between access to social information and competition. Individuals that are central in a learning network have more opportunities to acquire information from others, but also face an increased likelihood to engage in competition. The results of this model suggest that across different learning contexts centrality is only beneficial for dominant individuals because dominance can mitigate the effect of competition. This also shows that individual phenotypic differences affect the utility of social information. Chapter 5 uses a dynamic network model approach to tests whether these differences modulate the structure of learning networks and by extension of the population. The model shows that this is the case and that where social learning is favoured by the environment networks are more structured. Chapter 6, studies the drivers behind individual differences in social learning. The chapter focusses on reports of sex differences in social information use and finds that they can be explained by differences in risk taking behaviour. The results highlight the importance of the feedback between learning individuals, and how this shapes social learning dynamics on an individual as well as on a population level.

People with visible facial difference often experience other people reacting negatively to their appearance. For many, this is part of everyday life. Research has identified social support as critical in adaptation processes. This is the case both for those whose facial difference was apparent at birth, and those who experienced injury or illness. There is a lack of a comprehensive theoretical construct for exploring how personal communities provide resources needed by adults to live well with visible facial difference. The combination of semi-structured interviews and creation of personal community maps provided opportunities to explore the interplay between respondent accounts and patterns of relationships people are embedded within. Seventeen adults with visible facial difference and two unaffected ‘significant others’ were interviewed. The findings provide evidence that personal communities are important social spaces for negotiation of resources that enable adults to feel connected, valued and safer within wider communities. Social support was not described as a property of the individual, but as experienced with combinations of people that change according to situation, place, or time. A diversity of personal community patterns were found, largely consistent with findings from Spencer and Pahl (2006), with one variation which increased intimate support. Some personal communities were less supportive and consequently people were at risk of isolation. Processes within personal communities were helpful both in dealing with negative social environments and in helping establish different versions of ‘normal’ life. The importance of focussing on social contexts, when seeking to understand how people live with visible facial differences, is highlighted.

Afin de préserver sa stabilité, une organisation devrait être en mesure d'anticiper les changements à venir. Le concept d’être à l’écoute de l’environnement pour dénicher les informations précieuses permettant à une organisation de prédire un futur événement est appelé « veille stratégique ».La veille stratégique demeure une tâche difficile à mettre en place. Une des raisons expliquant cette difficulté est l'absence d'un outil permettant de soutenir le processus de la veille stratégique. Ceci est également identifié comme un facteur pouvant conduire à l'échec de la mise en œuvre et le maintien de la veille stratégique.Les réseaux sociaux (RS) se sont avérés extrêmement populaires dans la sphère personnelle, et ont suscité l’intérêt de la communauté scientifique et des organisations.La prise de conscience croissante de la valeur ajoutée des RS dans les organisations a conduit à la création de réseaux sociaux professionnels (RSP) qui ont transformé la façon dont les employés travaillent et interagissent.D'une part, la veille stratégique manque d'un « outil support à la gestion de l’information ». D'autre part, les RSP sont des outils répandus permettant de communiquer, de collaborer et de partager l'information. Cela rend les RSP des candidats potentiels pour soutenir la veille stratégique.Le but de notre recherche est d'étudier l’adoption des RSP en tant que SI permettant de soutenir le processus de la veille stratégique. Afin d’y parvenir nous posons 3 sous-questions :1-Quel est le "fit" entre les RSP et le processus de la veille stratégique ?Afin de répondre à cette sous-question, nous construisons un cadre théorique en adressant les fonctionnalités requises pour soutenir un processus de veille stratégique ainsi que celles offertes par les RSP.Notre étude montre l'existence d'un potentiel "fit", mais aussi d’un "misfit" entre les fonctionnalités des RSP et le processus de la veille stratégique.Sur la base de cette observation, nous tentons d'étudier les raisons de l'adoption des RSP pour soutenir le processus de la veille stratégique. Nous abordons alors les déterminants de l'adoption des RSP dans 2 contextes d’usage différents, ce qui fera l’objet des 2 sous-questions suivantes.2-Quels sont les déterminants de l’adoption des RSP (indépendamment de leurs contextes d'utilisation managériaux) ?L'adoption est le processus de développement, de mise en œuvre et l’intention d'utiliser pleinement la technologie.Malgré de nombreux d’études, les théories et les modèles existants reflètent une image fragmentée de l’adoption d’une technologie.Ainsi, afin de répondre à la seconde sous-question, nous synthétisons, à partir de la littérature, un cadre théorique regroupant des déterminants de l’adoption d’une technologie et des déterminants de l’adoption des RS et des RSP.En se basant sur ce cadre théorique, nous identifions 15 déterminants qui pourraient influencer l’adoption des RSP indépendamment de leurs contextes d’utilisations managériaux.3-Quels sont les déterminants de l'adoption des RSP pour soutenir le processus de la veille stratégique ?Afin de répondre à cette sous-question, nous divisons la liste des 15 déterminants en 2 groupes : 1)déterminants de l’adoption des RSP pour soutenir le processus de la veille stratégique et 2)déterminants de l’adoption des RSP pour soutenir les autres processus business. En comparant ces 2 groupes, nous identifions 15 déterminants qui pourraient influencer l’adoption des RSP pour soutenir le processus de la veille stratégique. Parmi ces déterminants, 5 sont exclusivement identifiés dans le cas de l’adoption des RSP pour soutenir le processus de la veille stratégique.Notre étude a permis d’identifier certains contextes dans lesquels les RSP pourraient être un outil support du processus de la veille stratégique.Elle a permis de proposer des recommandations qui pourraient aider les organisations à adopter les RSP comme outil pour soutenir le processus de la veille stratégique. / To preserve its stability and ensure a strong market position, an organization should be able to anticipate upcoming changes. The concept of scanning the environment for valuable information and indicative signals that allow an organization to predict a potential future event is termed “strategic scanning”.Strategic scanning is still considered a hard task to put in place. One of the reasons to explain this difficulty is the absence of a supporting tool which is also identified as a factor that can lead to the failure of the implementation and sustainability of strategic scanning.The development of social networks sites (SNS) proved to be extremely popular in the personal sphere, and started raising interest in the scientific community as well as in organizations.Growing awareness of the added value of SNS in organizations lead to the creation of numerous corporate social networks (CSN) technology that has transformed the way employees work and interact.On one hand, strategic scanning still lacks an “information management supporting tool”. On the other hand, CSN technology are widely spread ways to communicate, collaborate and share information. This makes CSN technology a potential candidate to support strategic scanning.The aim of our study is to investigate the adoption of CSN technology as a supporting IS for strategic process. To do so we ask 3 sub-questions:1-what is the fit between CSN technology and strategic scanning process?To answer this, we construct a theoretical framework by addressing the functionalities required to support a strategic scanning process, and addressing the functionalities offered by CSN technology.Our results show the existence of both a potential fit and misfit between CSN functionalities and strategic scanning process.Based on this observation, we attempt to study the reasons behind the adoption of CSN technology to support strategic scanning process.Hence, we address the determinants of CSN technology adoption in two different contexts of use -which is the aim of the two following sub-question.2-what are the determinants of CSN technology adoption (independently of its managerial context of use)?Adoption is the process of developing, implementing and having the will to make full use of the technology.Despite numerous studies attempting to understand technology adoption, existing theories and most of the models lack a holistic view and reflect a fragmented image.Thus, to answer the second sub-question, we draw a theoretical framework that consists of determinants of technology adoption and determinants of SNS and CSN technology adoption identified in the literature.Based on this theoretical framework, we identify 15 determinants that might influence the adoption of CSN technology independently of its managerial context of use.3-what are the determinants of CSN technology adoption to support strategic scanning process?To answer this, we split the list of 15 determinants previously identified into 2 groups: 1) determinants of CSN technology adoption to support strategic scanning process and 2) determinants of CSN technology adoption to support other business processes.Comparing these 2 groups allow us to identify determinants of CSN adoption to support strategic scanning process that do not emerge when addressing the adoption of CSN to support other business processes.We identified 15 determinants that might influence the adoption of CSN technology to support strategic scanning process. Importantly, among these determinants, only 5 determinants are reported in the case of CSN technology adoption to support strategic scanning process.Based on all the above, our work reveals that CSN technology can be a supporting tool for strategic scanning process in some contexts. Further, our study allows us to propose recommendations that might help organizations to adopt CSN technology as a supporting tool for strategic scanning process.

O presente trabalho propõe tipos de comunidades virtuais para redes sociais compostas de páginas pessoais para fotografias, que permitem que outras pessoas comentem-nas (fotologs) observadas no sistema Fotolog.com. A definição de comunidade virtual parte de uma análise dos conceitos denominados utópicos (TÖNIES, 1947 e 1995; DURKHEIM, 1978; BUBER, 1987) e dos conceitos denominados contemporâneos (WEBER, 1987; WELLMAN, 2001 e 2002; MAFFESOLI, 1996 e 2000) e da compreensão de seus elementos em comum: interação social, laços sociais e capital social. Essa definição é levada em conta conjuntamente com a visão de comunidades em redes: a estrutura de clusters (muitos nós ou nós muito conectados na rede). A partir dessas idéias e da observação de campo dos fotologs, é proposta a tipologia de comunidades virtuais. Os tipos propostos constituem-se em comunidades emergentes, ou seja, aquelas formadas através da interação social mútua (PRIMO, 1998 e 2003), compostas por laços relacionais (BREIGER, 1974), capital social diversificado (BERTOLINI E BRAVO, 2004) e trocas comunicacionais; comunidades associativas, ou seja, aquelas formadas através da interação social reativa (PRIMO, 1998 e 2003), compostas por laços mais associativos e capital social diversificado (BERTOLINI E BRAVO, 2004); e comunidades híbridas, que são aquelas que possuem características de ambos os tipos anteriores. Essa tipologia é, então, analisada a partir de sua estrutura, dinâmica e composição, a partir das ferramentas da abordagem de redes sociais, onde demonstra-se que há diferenças entre os três tipos e que cada um possui elementos diferentes associados. / The following work proposes a typology for virtual communities in social networks based on personal webpages for pictures which can allow other users to comment them (fotologs), hosted at Fotolog.com. The concept of virtual community adopted in this thesis comes from an analysis of utopian concepts (TÖNIES, 1947 e 1995; DURKHEIM, 1978; BUBER, 1987) and contemporary concepts (WEBER, 1987; WELLMAN, 2001 e 2002; MAFFESOLI, 1996 e 2000) of community and from the similarities and common elements from the two views: social interaction, social ties and social capital. Our concept is also based in the network idea of community: the cluster structure (several nodes or densely connected nodes). From these elements and field observation, we propose types of virtual communities: emergent communities, which are based on mutual social interaction (PRIMO, 1998 e 2003) and composed of relational ties (BREIGER, 1974), diversified social capital (BERTOLINI E BRAVO, 2004) and communication exchanges; associative communities which are based on reactive social interaction (PRIMO, 1998 e 2003), associative ties and also diversified social capital (BERTOLINI E BRAVO, 2004); and hybrid communities, which are those with characteristics both from the emergent and the associative types. This typology is then analyzed on each structure type, composition and dynamics, both from social network analysis tools and empirical observation, where we show that they have similarities and dissimilarities.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-07-24T17:34:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) leila_maria_silva.pdf: 2106552 bytes, checksum: 53ba37c88f3aa004f2201a85b74fd640 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-04T19:43:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) leila_maria_silva.pdf: 2106552 bytes, checksum: 53ba37c88f3aa004f2201a85b74fd640 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-04T19:43:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) leila_maria_silva.pdf: 2106552 bytes, checksum: 53ba37c88f3aa004f2201a85b74fd640 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A internet ? hoje a maior fonte de informa??o eletr?nica existente. Cresce a cada dia o n?mero de usu?rios da internet, e consequentemente o uso das redes sociais online. S?o muitas as informa??es novas que ficam embutidas nas bases de dados textuais. Por causa da sua natureza din?mica, ou seja, milh?es de p?ginas surgem e desaparecem todos os dias, a tarefa de encontrar informa??es relevantes nessas bases de dados se torna muito dif?cil. As t?cnicas de minera??o de textos para a descoberta de informa??es na web surgiram da necessidade de sanar este problema. O presente trabalho versa sobre a aplica??o de m?todos de minera??o de textos com clusteriza??o na grande quantidade de mensagens sobre o Exame Nacional do Ensino M?dio no ano de 2016 provenientes da rede social Twitter. O foco deste estudo est? na obten??o de grupos de textos, a fim de possibilitar uma visualiza??o resumida e sintetizada dos assuntos mais comentados pelos usu?rios. Para manipula??o dessas bases textuais, o Modelo Cassiopeia foi utilizado empregando seu algoritmo de agrupamento textual que tem como principal finalidade gerar agrupamentos, ou seja, clusters (grupos) de documentos textuais que apresentam algum tipo de similaridade. O Modelo Cassiopeia apresenta um limite de processamento com a quantidade m?xima de 700 tweets. Os tweets passam primeiramente pela fase de limpeza dos textos no pr?-processamento, logo ap?s, a utiliza??o do algoritmo no processamento e por fim, as an?lises dos resultados no p?s-processamento. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho mostram valores coesos quanto ? similaridade dos documentos dentro de um cluster e entre os clusters, avaliados por medidas de agrupamento textual, proposto pelo Modelo Cassiopeia. Isso demonstra a aplicabilidade dessa proposta para a visualiza??o sintetizada das informa??es mais significativas de um determinado tema, muitas vezes permitindo que a??es sejam antecipadas e impactos sobre a popula??o afetada sejam reduzidos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The Internet is today the largest source of existing electronic information. The number of Internet users is increasing daily, and consequently the use of online networks online. There are many new information that is embedded in textual databases. Because of its dynamic nature- that is, millions of pages and other numbers-a task of finding relevant information in those databases becomes very difficult. The techniques of text mining for a discovery of information on the web came from the need to heal this problem. The present work is about an application of methods of text mining with clustering in the large amount of messages on the National High School Exams in the year 2016 issu social network Twitter. The focus of this study is on obtaining groups of texts in order to enable a summary and synthesized publication of the appropriate comments of the users. For manipulation of textual bases, the Cassiopeia Model was used by using its textual grouping algorithm that has as main purpose to generate clusters, that is, clusters of textual documents and executed some kind of similarity. The Cassiopeia Model has a processing limit with a maximum of 700 tweets. The tweets first pass through the phase of cleaning the texts without preprocessing, afterwards, a use of the algorithm without processing and, finally, as analysis of the results without post-processing. The results obtained in this work are more closely related to the similarity of the documents within the cluster and between the clusters, through the measurements of textual grouping, proposed by the Cassiopeia Model. This demonstrates an application for an uninformed publication of the most important information on a given topic, often allowing actions to be anticipated and impacts on an affected population to be reduced.

Word-of-mouth (WOM) communication is a well studied phenomenon in the literature and content propagation in Online Social Networks (OSNs) is one of the forms of WOM mechanism that have been prevalent in recent years specially with the widespread surge of online communities and online social networks. The basic piece of information in most OSNs is a post (e.g., a tweet in Twitter or a post in Facebook). A post can contain different types of content such as text, photo, video, etc, or a mixture of two or more them. There are also various ways to enrich the text by mentioning other users, using hashtags, and adding URLs to external contents. The goal of this study is to investigate what factors contribute into the propagation of messages in Google+. To answer to this question a multidimensional study will be conducted. On one hand this question could be viewed as a natural language processing problem where topic or sentiment of posts cause message dissemination. On the other hand the propagation can be effect of graph properties i.e., popularity of message originators (node degree) or activities of communities. Other aspects of this problem are time, external contents, and external events. All of these factors are studied carefully to find the most highly correlated attribute(s) in the propagation of posts.

Gender disparity is an issue among the many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Although many previous studies examine gender issues in STEM as an aggregate discipline, there are unique issues to each of the fields that are considered STEM fields. Some fields, such as physics, have fewer women graduating with degrees than other fields. This suggests that women's experiences vary by STEM field. The majority of previous research also examines gender and other disparities at either the nationwide or individual level. This project entailed social network analysis through survey and interview data to examine a single physics department's doctoral students in order to provide a comprehensive look at student social experiences. In addition to examining gender, other demographic variables were studied to see if the results are truly associated with gender; these variables include race/ethnicity, year in program, student type, relationship status, research type, undergraduate institute, and subfield. Data were examined to determine if there are relationships to social connections and outcome variables such as persistence in completing the degree and the time to degree. Data collected on faculty were used to rank faculty members; data such as h-indices and number of students graduate over the past 5 years were collected. Fifty-five (55) of 110 possible participants completed the survey; forty-three are male, and twelve are female. Twenty-eight of the fifty-five survey participants were interview; twenty-three are male, and five are female. Findings for peer networks include that peer networks are established during the first year and do not change drastically as one progresses in the program. Geographic location within the campus affects socializing with peers. Connections to fellow students are not necessarily reciprocated; the maximum percentage of reciprocated connections is 60%. The number of connections one has varies by network purpose, with students having more connections for the more social purposes. Students are isolated when working on their research, even in their early years. Research discussion does not occur, unless one is providing casual updates to a peer. Findings for student-faculty networks indicate that these relationships are important but complicated. Advisor selection is often done casually, even when one is switching advisors. Faculty have a lot of influence on the doctoral students such as motivating research collaborations among students or aiding in the job search. Most doctoral students feel as though there is a power dynamic that hinders them from socializing with faculty and thus, are not close to the faculty. Opportunities to develop stronger relationships and for professional development are often missed. The total number of peer and faculty ties has significant relationships to whether a student considers leaving the program. Analyzing the qualitative and quantitative data through demographic variables showed how complex these experiences are. All demographic variables indicated there are statistically significant differences in social experience among the groups, though the extent varies. The year in program variable showed the most differences among cohort years, primarily with those in the fifth year. While gender showed few differences, women tended to have more homophilous peer networks than men and women tended to have more connections to higher prestige faculty. The race/ethnicity, student type, undergraduate institute, subfield, and relationship status variables produced few statistically significant results. Peer networks have statistically significant differences in homophily when examining research type. The regression model suggests that being female, having a higher year in the program, and/or completing undergraduate studies from a liberal arts college increases the time to degree. Being in a relationship (dating or married) and/or working on experimental research decreases the time to degree. Only research peer network and departmental information network variables remain in this model. Suggestions for further research for both physics/STEM education and social network analysis are included. Suggestions for ways in which the Jonas University physics department can improve its climate are also included. Although these suggestions are written based upon the Jonas University data, they may be applicable to other physics/STEM graduate programs.