Nous sommes partie d’une réflexion sur l’inscription du nom propre (Npr) en discours et des changements de sens qu’il peut subir. A partir du Npr « Hezbollah », mot-pivot de cette étude, nous avons entamé l’analyse d’un corpus de presse (7 journaux libanais, français et américains) pour une période qui court de janvier 2010 (probable menace de guerre entre Israël et le Hezbollah) à janvier 2011 (la chute du gouvernement libanais). Nous avons privilégié au départ une étude quantitative, en nous appuyant sur la statistique textuelle, afin de mesurer l’importance accordée au Hezbollah en fonction des événements qui jalonnent la période (nombre et longueur des articles). En allant du mot au texte, nous avons ensuite analysé la combinatoire du mot-pivot dans son contexte proche (prédications, caractérisations) puis ses reprises en contexte élargi, afin d’étudier les différences de traitement significatives selon les pays et les lignes éditoriales des journaux. / We chose to reflect on the proper noun and the changes it undergoes in discourse. Using the keyword, “Hezbollah”, we started the analysis of a corpus of newspapers (7 Lebanese, French and American newspapers), from January 2010 (probable threat of war between Israel and Hezbollah) till January 2011 (the fall of the Lebanese government). A quantitative study, based on textual statistics, was a must in an attempt to identify the importance of Hezbollah according to main events during this period of time and the number and length of articles. While shifting from the word to the text, we the analyzed the combinations of “Hezbollah” in its immediate context (predications, adjectives), then its reformulations in the broader context, to highlight the possible differences between countries and editorial lines.

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar como graduandos de um curso de Letras/Espanhol representam o uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do idioma e avaliar, em que medida, essas representações se transformaram ao longo da experiência de uso de um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA), criado na plataforma Moodle. Fundamentam teoricamente este estudo: a) uma visão do papel das representações sociais nas práticas dos indivíduos, com base nas contribuições de Jodelet (2001) e Moscovici (2003), e dos teóricos do Núcleo Central: Flament (1994), Moliner (1994; 2001), Abric (1993; 1994a; 1994b) e Sá (2015); b) a compreensão do potencial de mediação das TIC para a formação inicial de professores de línguas, cuja base são autores como, Coll (2010), Rojo (2013), Castells (2013; 2015), Horn, Staker, Christensen (2015), Valente (2015), Bautista, Borges e Forés (2016), entre outros c) e a perspectiva de Dewey (1979) sobre os critérios necessários para fazer de uma experiencia pura e simples, uma experiência educativa. Os dados foram coletados ao longo do segundo semestre de 2015, quando a disciplina Língua Espanhola foi ministrada, no curso de Letras de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Participaram do estudo oito alunos dessa disciplina. A pesquisa, de cunho etnográfico, seguiu a abordagem qualitativa-interpretativista. Os dados analisados correspondem ao discurso dos participantes que responderam aos dois questionários aplicados, no início e no fim do curso, e também na análise de um fórum de discussão específico, no qual se propôs aos discentes uma reflexão sobre o futuro da Educação mediada por tecnologias. A interpretação dos dados revelou a possível centralidade de Representações Relativizantes, cuja consequência aparente foi o discreto engajamento nas atividades propostas na sala de aula virtual. Além disso, observou-se que os estudantes vivenciaram uma experiência que pode ser considerada do tipo educativa, apesar de os critérios para tal terem sido satisfeitos apenas parcialmente, devido às escassas interações. Esses resultados parecem apontar para a necessidade de se desenvolverem mais experiências de uso das TIC ao longo da formação inicial, para uma incorporação natural delas às práticas de ensino dos futuros docentes. / The purpose of this study is to investigate how Spanish Language undergraduate students represent the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the teaching-learning process of the language and to assess to what the extent these social representations change throughout the experience of using a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), created on the Moodle platform. This study is grounded on: a) a view of the role of social representations in the practice of individuals, based on the contributions of Jodelet (2001), Moscovici (2003), and Central Core theorists: Flament (1994), Moliner (1994;2001), Abric (1993; 1994a; 1994b) and Sá (2015); b) the comprehension of how important the ICT could be for the initial formation of language teachers, based on studies developed by Coll (2010), Rojo (2013), Castells (2013; 2015), Horn, Staker, Christensen (2015), Valente (2015), Bautista, Borges and Forés (2016), among others; c) and Dewey\'s (1979) perspective about the criteria an experience must fulfill to be considered educational. Data were collected throughout the second semester of 2015, in the classes of Spanish II, a course that is part of the Spanish Language Teaching Program at a public university in São Paulo. Eight students participated in the study. This ethnographic research followed the qualitative interpretative approach. The data analyzed here are part of the discourse of the participants who answered two questionnaires applied at the beginning and at the end of the course. The analysis also considered the participation of the students in a specific discussion forum, in which they reflected about the future of education mediated by technologies. The analysis of the data revealed the potential centrality of Relativizing Representations, which noticeable consequence was a discreet engagement of the students in the activities proposed in the virtual classroom. In addition, the results show that the students have gone through an educational experience, although the criteria for this conclusion have not been entirely fulfilled, due to the scarce VLE interactions. These results seem to point out the need of spreading more ICT experiences throughout the initial formation of teachers so that they can incorporate these technologies into their future practices.

<p>The aim of this undergraduate thesis was to examine the media’s portrayal of overweight and obese children and their surroundings, using the first and third dimensions of Fairclough’s three dimensional model for critical discourse analysis. The study addressed the following questions: How does the press, in this study represented by two newspapers, portray overweight and obese children? What discourses regarding overweight and obesity among children are the most prominent in these two newspapers? What risks and negative influences in the child’s surroundings are identified, and how are they described? What social representations can the images of overweight and obese children originate from? The analyzed material consisted of 62 articles from Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, which were analyzed using the earlier mentioned method for discourse analysis, as well as the theory of social representations. The results showed that “the fat child” and its environment were portrayed exclusively in negative terms, and a discourse linking obesity and ill-health dominated a large part of the material. A number of risks, for example food risks and lifestyle risks said to play a part in the child’s ill-health were identified. Three social representations were identified throughout the material and said to contribute to, as well as result from, the images of “the fat child”.</p>

No description available.

The aim of this undergraduate thesis was to examine the media’s portrayal of overweight and obese children and their surroundings, using the first and third dimensions of Fairclough’s three dimensional model for critical discourse analysis. The study addressed the following questions: How does the press, in this study represented by two newspapers, portray overweight and obese children? What discourses regarding overweight and obesity among children are the most prominent in these two newspapers? What risks and negative influences in the child’s surroundings are identified, and how are they described? What social representations can the images of overweight and obese children originate from? The analyzed material consisted of 62 articles from Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, which were analyzed using the earlier mentioned method for discourse analysis, as well as the theory of social representations. The results showed that “the fat child” and its environment were portrayed exclusively in negative terms, and a discourse linking obesity and ill-health dominated a large part of the material. A number of risks, for example food risks and lifestyle risks said to play a part in the child’s ill-health were identified. Three social representations were identified throughout the material and said to contribute to, as well as result from, the images of “the fat child”.

La ricerca rappresenta un'indagine qualitativa di carattere esplorativo in merito al tema dell’identità e delle rappresentazioni sociali dei bambini che vivono sulle strade di Nairobi (Kenya). Sono state messe in luce e analizzate le numerose rappresentazioni degli street children, tra cui quella spregiativa – chokora – elaborata dalla comunità locale, che li assimila a rifiuti) per far emergere quanto l’identità del bambino di strada possa essere compresa facendo riferimento al soggetto come a un prodotto di condizionamenti sociali e culturali o anche come entità potenzialmente capace, all’interno di una continuità narrativa, di elaborare riflessivamente la propria esperienza e di produrre attivamente nuovi significati e nuove forme sociali. Sotto il profilo metodologico sono state realizzate quarantanove interviste strutturate, dodici semistrutturate e sessantacinque in profondità a street dwellers, ex street boys, famigliari di street children, operatori di ONG e CBO, testimoni privilegiati e soggetti della comunità locale. Si è fatto inoltre uso della tecnica visuale del diario fotografico e dell’osservazione partecipante. La ricerca empirica ha messo in luce che l’identità degli street children si struttura su relazioni di appartenenza e di differenziazione. Le rappresentazioni sociali sono determinanti per il processo identitario degli street children, ma è possibile un margine di negoziazione della propria identità, alla luce della conversazione interiore, che consente una ristrutturazione attorno a un perno positivo del sé relazionale. Questo avviene quando la negoziazione dell’identità viene vissuta come un processo relazionale, guidato dalle premure fondamentali del soggetto e all’interno di relazioni fiduciarie che consentono una rappresentazione positiva del sé. / The research is a qualitative exploratory study on the identity and social representations of the children living on the streets of Nairobi (Kenya). A number of representations of street children are shown and analysed(including the one – chokora – elaborated by the local community that assimilates the children to garbage) to demonstrate how the identity of the street children may be understood making reference to the subject as the product of social and cultural conditioning or as an entity possibly able – within a narrative continuity – to elaborate reflexively his own experience and to actively produce new meanings and social forms. Methodologically, forty-nine structured, twelve semi-structure and sixty-five in depth interviews were carried out with street dwellers, ex street boys, family members of street children, NGOs and CBOs’ social workers, privileged witnesses and individuals from the local community. Moreover, a visual technique (photo diary) and participatory observation were used. The empirical research has shown that the identity of the street children is formed on the relations of belonging and differentiation. Furthermore, social representations are determinant for the identity process of the street children, but there is also room for one’s own identity negotiation, in the light of the internal conversation, that allows a restructuring of the relational self around a positive mainstay. This happens when the negotiation of the identity is experienced as a relational process, oriented by the ultimate concerns, within trustworthy relations, that allow a positive representation of the self.

La inmigración internacional es uno de los fenómenos mundiales más importantes, complejos e inquietantes en la época actual a consecuencia de su crecimiento y de los retos sin precedentes que afronta: económicos, políticos, sociales, culturales, morales, demográficos, ecológicos. Su estudio requiere ser abordado desde visiones diferentes pero complementarias. En este sentido, nuestra investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar, desde una perspectiva cualitativa e interdisciplinaria –análisis del discurso, psicología social y ciencia política–, el imaginario sociodiscursivo de inmigrantes latinoamericanos en Catalunya, a través de un corpus instituido mediante el uso de la técnica cualititativa grupos de discusión, en el que reunimos a 53 inmigrantes latinoamericanos (en 9 agrupaciones) para que conversaran en torno a los objetivos, motivaciones de su migración, sus experiencias, opiniones y apreciaciones acerca de la sociedad de acogida, de los autóctonos y de los propios inmigrantes, además de sus demandas, anhelos e ideales en la vida social dentro de la sociedad catalana. Hallamos en el imaginario que la integración de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos en la sociedad catalana significa ser reconocidos y estar en las mismas condiciones de igualdad de derechos y obligaciones sociales, culturales, económicas y políticas con respecto a los autóctonos. / In the current era, international immigration is one of the most important, complex and disquieting phenomenon world-wide. As a consequence of its growth, it confronts challenges in the field of: economies, politics, societies, cultures, morals, demographics and ecologies. The study needs to be discussed from different, but complementary points of view. In this sense, our investigation has the goal to identify and analyze, from a qualitative and interdisciplinary perspective – discourse analysis, social psychology and political science – the imaginary socio-discourse of Latin-American immigrants in Catalonia. Through an institutionalized sample, composed with the help of the qualitative discourse group technique, we united 53 Latin-American immigrants (arranged in groups of 9) in order that they alternately speak about their objectives and motivations of their immigration, their experiences, opinions and appreciation with regard to the chosen society, both autochthons as well as the own view of immigrants. In addition we discuss their demands, ambitions and ideals in social life within the Catalan society. We found in the study of imaginary that the integration of Latin-American immigrants in the Catalan society needs to be recognized and it should have the same conditions of equalities before the law, social obligations, cultural, economic and politic equalities with respect to autochthons.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_j_me_mar.pdf: 1111020 bytes, checksum: d0b1063ef6c36f78b1648e3f66bfa848 (MD5) / A presente dissertação intitulada “Entre os discursos, as representações e as práticas: crianças e jovens empregadas domésticas na cidade de Marília”, é resultado de uma pesquisa que teve a finalidade de analisar as representações de infâncias, juventudes, relações de gênero, trabalho e emprego doméstico das próprias crianças e jovens. Embora o nosso estudo tenha como foco a visão de mundo das crianças e dos jovens empregados domésticos, também trazemos as falas dos seus pais/responsáveis e empregadores. Para tanto, realizamos pesquisas bibliográficas sobre infância, juventude, relações de gênero e trabalho doméstico; investigação empírica, a partir da aplicação de questionários fechados e entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma criança e nove jovens (adolescentes), duas mães, uma tia, um pai e duas patroas, todos moradores da cidade de Marília, Estado de São Paulo; pesquisa de macro dados do IBGE (PNAD, 2006) e da legislação sobre o emprego doméstico. Os dados obtidos indicam que parte das participantes da nossa pesquisa teve uma infância plena de brincadeiras, embora nem sempre protegida e tranqüila; outra parcela ressaltou uma infância de trabalho, que eles próprios caracterizaram como não-infância. Sobre os conceitos de juventude, a maioria das jovens empregadas domésticas, através de um discurso de distinção grupal, enalteceu a sua própria atuação e utilizou um tom crítico e moralista para os demais pares. O trabalho doméstico é considerado tanto como uma obrigação a ser desempenhada pelas mulheres de qualquer idade quanto um mecanismo para assumir responsabilidades, controlar, disciplinar, treinar e afastar da ociosidade as crianças e os jovens de ambos os sexos. Estes e os seus responsáveis/pais reconhecem as más condições de trabalho no labor doméstico... / Between Discourses, Representations, and Practices: Children and Youth as Housemaids in Marilia City” is a research that aim to analyze children and youth’s representations of childhood, youth, gender relationships, labor and domestic work. Besides focusing on domestic children and youth’s “weltanschauung”, we also interviewed their parents and guardians, and their employers. We worked on books and articles related to childhood, youth, gender relationships and domestic work. We applied questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with one child and nine youth, two mothers, one aunt, one father and two female bosses, all of them dwellers of Marilia City, São Paulo State. We also collected IBGE data (PNAD, 2006), and study domestic service legislation. According to our information, some of our subjects had a childhood with toys and games, although not always protected and peaceful. Others had a working childhood, which they called a non-childhood. Regarding the concept of youth, most of our interviewees dignified themselves, and criticized their peers’ behavior. We concluded that domestic work is women’s obligation and a means for children and youth of both sex to assume responsibilities, to learn some skills, and to prevent them from idleness. Children, youth, and their parents or guardians pointed out to bad domestic work conditions, and at the same time see this kind of labor as an improvement of their life situation, and an answer to their needs. We suggest that, through public policy toward family, the lives of children and youth could improve.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T13:22:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTRG.pdf: 1240279 bytes, checksum: 1ad123c29167f0455fa1286afcc525a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T13:22:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTRG.pdf: 1240279 bytes, checksum: 1ad123c29167f0455fa1286afcc525a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-17T13:22:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTRG.pdf: 1240279 bytes, checksum: 1ad123c29167f0455fa1286afcc525a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T13:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTRG.pdf: 1240279 bytes, checksum: 1ad123c29167f0455fa1286afcc525a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 / Não recebi financiamento / The proposal of this research is to collect and analyze the variability of social representations about transsexuality that circulate on the internet according to the trans people themselves. The research was based on the dynamics of use that trans people make of certain digital media, specifically social networks and blogs, as a source of information, sharing, debate and socialization. Therefore, I used the online observation of blogs, pages/communities of Facebook and Youtube channels, wich are constituted as spaces of circulation of speeches about transsexuality. In dialogue with Queer Theory, Gender studies, and other digital media researches I explore the relationship between representations, corporalities, subjectivities as the transsexuality involve a cultura dynamic which is associated with modes of understand/modify bodies and subjectivities. / A proposta dessa pesquisa é recolher e analisar a variabilidade de representações sociais acerca de transexualidades que circulam na internet segundo as próprias pessoas trans. A pesquisa se estabeleceu a partir da dinâmica de uso que as pessoas trans fazem de determinadas mídias digitais, especificamente redes sociais e blogs, como fonte de informação, compartilhamento, debate e socialização. Para tanto, utilizei a observação online de blogs, páginas/comunidades do Facebook e canais do Youtube, que se constituem como espaços de circulação de discursos sobre as transexualidades. Em diálogo com a Teoria Queer, estudos sobre gênero, identificações e outras pesquisas sobre as mídias digitais exploro a relação entre representações, corporalidades e subjetividades, já que as transexualidades envolvem uma dinâmica cultural que se associa a modos de compreender e/ou modificar corpos e subjetividades.

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-22T20:26:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRPJ.pdf: 2287295 bytes, checksum: e184ee385df10152cf15e477e7d74da1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-22T20:26:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRPJ.pdf: 2287295 bytes, checksum: e184ee385df10152cf15e477e7d74da1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-22T20:26:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRPJ.pdf: 2287295 bytes, checksum: e184ee385df10152cf15e477e7d74da1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T20:27:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRPJ.pdf: 2287295 bytes, checksum: e184ee385df10152cf15e477e7d74da1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / By conceiving sex, gender and sexuality based on binary, natural and fixed systems and by organizing the social practices from the premise that heterosexuality is the only and correct way to live the sexuality, it is said that our society is, hegemonically, heteronormative. Thus, all other forms of configuration and experience of gender identities and sexualities that permeate the binary ends (male/female, heterosexual/homosexual) are marginalized. So, it’s perceived the psychosocial exclusion of LGBT people (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) in different spheres of social life, also significantly impacting their working possibilities and relationships. This scenario, in Brazil, has been increasing since the 1990s, when profound changes into the world of work has been hampering even more the access and the permanence to it of people that, visibly, do not fit the standard of the formal labor market. This dissertation aims to analyze the social representations of a group of people who look out of place of the heteronormative standards, whether by sexual orientation or gender identity, about their relationships with work. The informations were obtained by means of a bibliographical and documentary survey, and also by the application of semistructured interviews and analyzed from the construction of thematic categories, such as: family, school and work. The material obtained points to experiences of prejudice in the family, school and professional environments that impact on the way the subjects perceive themselves and the others and condition the way they socially relate. Mainly, school and work acquire a sense of space for living constraints, suffering and struggle against prejudice, but also of overcoming, accomplishing, social utility and exercise of citizenship. The respondents have difficulties in the formal labor market, or as self-employed and micro-entrepreneurs, but they are not exempt from prejudices, constraints and the feeling that they must be model workers to guarantee their work, even if, not exceptionally, they have to experiment situations that are true proofs of resistance for their permanence in the organizations. It is hoped that the reflection on the life histories of the interviewees can support and stimulate policies and practices of work management that are inclusive and do not discriminate LGBT workers. / Por conceber sexo, gênero e sexualidade baseados em sistemas binários, naturais e fixos e por organizar as práticas sociais a partir da premissa de que a heterossexualidade é a única e correta forma de se viver a sexualidade, diz-se que nossa sociedade é, hegemonicamente, heteronormativa. Marginalizam-se, assim, todas as outras formas de configuração e de vivência das identidades de gênero e das sexualidades que permeiam os extremos binários (masculino/feminino, hétero/homossexual). Desta forma, percebe-se a exclusão psicossocial de pessoas LGBT (lésbicas, gays, bissexuais e transgêneros) em diversos âmbitos da vida social, impactando, significativamente, também nas suas possibilidades e relações de trabalho. Este cenário, no Brasil, acirra-se desde a década de 1990, quando as profundas mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho vêm dificultando ainda mais o acesso e a permanência de pessoas que, visivelmente, fogem do padrão posto no mercado de trabalho formal. Esta dissertação pretende analisar as representações sociais de um grupo de pessoas que destoam dos padrões heteronormativos, quer seja por orientação sexual ou por identidade de gênero, acerca das suas relações com o trabalho. As informações foram obtidas por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e documental e da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas a partir da construção de categorias temáticas, quais sejam: família, escola e trabalho. O material obtido aponta para vivências de preconceito nos âmbitos familiares, escolares e profissionais que impactam na forma como os sujeitos percebem a si mesmos e aos outros e condicionam a maneira como se relacionam socialmente. Principalmente a escola e o trabalho adquirem sentido de espaço de vivência de constrangimentos, de sofrimentos e luta contra o preconceito, mas também de superação, realização, utilidade social e exercício da cidadania. Os entrevistados inseriam-se com dificuldade no mercado formal de trabalho ou ainda como autônomos e micro empresários. Porém, não estavam isentos de preconceitos, de constrangimentos e do sentimento de, obrigatoriamente, serem trabalhadores modelo para permanecerem no trabalho. Não excepcionalmente, vivenciaram situações que eram verdadeiras provas de resistência para permanecer nas organizações. Espera-se que a reflexão sobre as histórias de vida dos entrevistados embasem e estimulem políticas e práticas de gestão do trabalho que sejam inclusivas e que não discriminem os trabalhadores LGBT. / FAPESP: 2015/11653-0