<p>SAMMANFATTNING</p><p>Dag, M. (2002). Unga människor med rörelsehinder utanför arbetsmarknaden: Om bar-riärer, sociala relationer och livsvillkor.</p><p>Syftet med studien har varit att beskriva de specifika barriärer som individer med rörel-sehinder i åldrarna 20-35 år upplever att de möter i sin strävan att komma in på arbets-marknaden. Syftet har också varit att beskriva individernas livssituation under arbets-löshet och jämföra detta med livssituationen i någon form av sysselsättning. Metoden som har använts är kvalitativ, intervjuer med 12 individer med rörelsehinder.</p><p>Resultaten från intervjuerna visar att individer med rörelsehinder möter barriärer inom olika områden. Barriärerna uppkommer via ett komplext samspel mellan den so-ciala och fysiska miljön, regelsystemen och individen. Studien tyder på olika orsaker till att individer med rörelsehinder möter barriärer i sina försök att få arbete. Exempel på sådana hinder är själva funktionshindret, graden av anpassning i den fysiska miljön, samhällets fördomar och rådande lagar. Utifrån detta har studien kunnat särskilja tre huvudkategorier av barriärer - individrelaterade, miljörelaterade och regelrelaterade.</p><p>Resultatet visar att barriärer på individnivå är låg utbildning, avsaknad av yrkeserfa-renhet, lång period av arbetslöshet och dåliga kunskaper i regelsystemet. Ytterligare barriärer på individnivå är låg motivation att söka arbete.</p><p>De miljörelaterade barriärer som identifieras är främst dåligt anpassade arbetslokaler, avsaknad av tekniska hjälpmedel och dåligt fungerade färdtjänst, bristande information samt rådande attityder om funktionshindrade i samhället. Dessa aspekter innebär di-rekta hinder för anställning av rörelsehindrade.</p><p>Studien tyder också på att regelsystemen kan fungera som barriärer. Dels uppger un-dersökningsgruppen att de har bristande kunskaper i gällande regler, dels uppges att det inte är lönsamt att arbeta, eftersom inkomsten inte förbättras med ett arbete.</p><p>Key words: Funktionshinder, handikapp, barriärer, arbete, socialt stöd, sociala relatio-ner.</p><p>Munir Dag, samhällsvetenskapliga institutionen, socialt arbete, Örebro universitet, 701 82 Örebro, Sverige.</p> / <p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Dag, M. (2002). Young people with physical disabilities outside the labour market: Bar-riers, social relations and living conditions.</p><p>The aim of this study was to describe the specific barriers which young individuals (20-35 years) with physical disabilities experience that they encounter in their ambition to become part of the labour market. Furthermore, the aim was to describe the everyday life of the individuals in unemployment and to compare this with the situation in some kind of employment. The method used is qualitative, consisting of interviews with 12 individuals with physical disabilities.</p><p>The results from the interviews show that individuals with physical disabilities en-counter barriers in different areas. The barriers arise through a complex interaction be-tween the social and physical environment, legislation and the individual. The study implies that individuals with physical disablities encounter different barriers in their attempts to find work. Examples of such obstacles are the disability itself, the level of adaptation in the physical environment, prejudices in society and existing laws. From this perspective, three main categories of barriers are distinguished in the study – those related to the individual, the environment and legislation.</p><p>The result shows that barriers on an individual level are low level of education, lack of work experience, long-term unemployment and poor knowledge of legislation. Another barrier on an individual level is low motivation to look for work.</p><p>The identified barriers related to the environment were mainly poorly accomodated work places, lack of technical aids and unsatisfactory transportation services, lack of information as well as prevailing attitudes in society about people with disabilities. These aspects imply direct obstacles for people with physical disabilities to find em-ployment.</p><p>Moreover, the study indicates that legislation can be considered a barrier. The group of informants points out that they have insufficient knowledge about existing rules, but also that it is not profitable to work since their income does not improve by working.</p><p>Key words: Disability, handicap, barriers, work, social support, social relations.</p><p>Munir Dag, Department of Social Sciences, social work, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.</p> / Part of thesis: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-405

<p>The main purpose of the examination research project is to analyze and describe how democracy and globalization is understood when they are integrated in the developing country of Kenya. This has been reflected by interviewing Kenyan teachers in history and government, to receive their view on globalization and its affects on democracy. Another purpose is to discuss this in didactic terms as a way to see how it can be practically used for upper-secondary schoolteachers in the subjects of civics and social studies. The procedure of the project and the method of use are interviews that have been analyzed in all with theoretical perspectives. My queries to be answered for the research are:</p><p>1. Is it understood that democracy in Kenya has changed due to globalization?</p><p>2. If the answer says yes on the previous question, in what way is it understood how the democratic situation has been transformed due to globalization?</p><p>3. How can the outcome of the previous questions be used in tuition of civics and social studies?</p><p><strong><p> </p></strong></p><p> </p><p>My conclusions are that the Kenyan democracy has been vastly affected by globalization. Globalization has erased borders and facilitated control in the political scene of Kenya that has conveyed democratic ballot votes and democratic citizens. Leverages from the surrounding world, as a result of globalization, have also contributed to a continuing development of democracy in Kenya. Globalization works as a defender of democracy.</p><p>In didactic terms one can put the western view in contrast with the African view that gives an awareness of the main ideas of both parts. This way of building bridges works as a part of the democracy and globalization conundrum and assists to partly eradicate ethnocentrism.</p><p> </p>

The aim of the thesis is to explore socially shared ideas about mental illness in everyday contexts. Drawing on social representation theory, organizations for users of mental health services and self-help groups are regarded as communities where social knowledge is constructed that makes intersubjective understanding of illness experiences possible. In order to investigate such knowledge as a resource in joint construction of meaning, a theoretical model is introduced where a distinction is made between a discursive level of situated ‘representational work’ and an underlying level of sociocultural resources. A focus group study was carried out with 27 participants who label their health problems as anxiety, depression or bipolar disorder, and were members of service user organizations. The focus group conversations were analysed with regard to thematic, interactional and discursive features to answer the questions: 1) how is mental illness represented, 2) how is the mentally ill person represented, and 3) how are others’ views on mental illness represented. The results show how mental illness is represented as a complex phenomenon that is contextualised to a number of frames of reference. Further, the analysis identified different types of resources that are utilized in representational work: local knowledge of the communities, medical concepts, different explanatory models, narrative structures, metaphors and conceptual dichotomies. It also revealed dialogical properties of the representational work that have rhetorical functions for self-presentation as a team performance. The discussion suggests that widely shared resources are put to use in group- and situation-specific representational projects, and that representations that are produced in group discourse can be characterised as ‘polemical social representations’ that respond to a double stigma of mental illness in everyday life where mental illness is regarded as a sign of ‘weakness’ as well as ‘otherness’.

The main purpose of the examination research project is to analyze and describe how democracy and globalization is understood when they are integrated in the developing country of Kenya. This has been reflected by interviewing Kenyan teachers in history and government, to receive their view on globalization and its affects on democracy. Another purpose is to discuss this in didactic terms as a way to see how it can be practically used for upper-secondary schoolteachers in the subjects of civics and social studies. The procedure of the project and the method of use are interviews that have been analyzed in all with theoretical perspectives. My queries to be answered for the research are: 1. Is it understood that democracy in Kenya has changed due to globalization? 2. If the answer says yes on the previous question, in what way is it understood how the democratic situation has been transformed due to globalization? 3. How can the outcome of the previous questions be used in tuition of civics and social studies?     My conclusions are that the Kenyan democracy has been vastly affected by globalization. Globalization has erased borders and facilitated control in the political scene of Kenya that has conveyed democratic ballot votes and democratic citizens. Leverages from the surrounding world, as a result of globalization, have also contributed to a continuing development of democracy in Kenya. Globalization works as a defender of democracy. In didactic terms one can put the western view in contrast with the African view that gives an awareness of the main ideas of both parts. This way of building bridges works as a part of the democracy and globalization conundrum and assists to partly eradicate ethnocentrism.

This investigation aimed to shed light on the terms of the dispensing and the retaining of municipal social benefits granted by Swedish social services, this in regard of a less visible societal subgroup; citizens who cannot attain or retain housing of their own. Through qualitative interviews with six municipal social workers in Skåne, the plight of these citizens is revealed from a policy-making perspective in respect of views on discretion and individual appreciation. How may the applicant impact the application process and how does social subletting operate as a service effort? Further analysis of the accounts of informants’ views on change and the reasons for change, sketched an image of a society where public acceptance and tolerance are crucial factors for citizens hoping to achieve a homestead through means of municipal intervention. In conclusion, flexible attitudes towards job description are of major import to the possibility of offering client support in under-staffed municipal environs. Furthermore, reflexive social workers allying with the applicant throughout the process, from application to intervention are decisive for efficacious, long-term social work.