Ungdomarna är idrottsföreningarnas framtid och idrottsföreningarna skapar positiv utveckling för ungdomarna. Det ungdomarna gör på fritiden och i vilket socialt sammanhang som de vistas i har betydelse för deras utveckling. Trots dessa positiva effekter som idrottsföreningarna har så väljer många ungdomar att sluta med föreningsidrotten. Detta beror på olika aspekter såsom ekonomi, kompisar, föräldrapåverkan och nya fritidsintressen. Därför är det viktigt hur idrottsföreningar jobbar med att behålla ungdomar och det är också syftet till denna studie. Genom intervjuer med sex stycken föreningsaktiva personer har tre strategier tagits fram och blivit resultatet av denna studie. Det tre strategier som föreningar i Trollhättans Stad använder sig mest av och anser är mest lyckosamma är: Breddidrott-Elitinriktning, Engagemang och Mål och mening / Young people are the future of sports clubs and sports associations create positive development for young people. What the young people do in their free time and in what social context in which they are staying in is important for their development. Despite these positive effects that sport clubs have so many young people choose to end exert sports. This is due to different aspects such as finance, friends, parental influence and new hobbies. Therefore, it is important how sports clubs are working to keep young people and it is also the aim of this study. Through interviews with six club members have three strategies been developed and have resulted from this study. The three strategies that the unions in Trollhättan City uses the most and feel are most successful are: The widht in sport-Elite direction, Commitment and Goal and sense

M.Phil. / The aim of this study was to determine the role that USSASA played in Tshwane North district, and to provide guidelines for the organization in facilitating optimal development of school sport in the district. It was an explorative type of study with qualitative and quantitative data collected from 39 schools in the district, with two respondents per school. A representative sample of schools were randomly selected (20% per category on average) for the study, which included Farm schools (n=3), Townships schools (n=14), Ex Model C schools (n=12), Independent (Private) schools (n=5) and LSEN (Learners with Special Educational Needs) schools (n=5). The principal and the sports organizer were targeted as respondents. Out of these, 38 schools responded, which means that 76 respondents completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire included three categories which focused on biographical Information, sport related issues and strategic partnerships. The findings indicated that USSASA had made a substantive contribution to school sport in the district. However, the demands made by schools were diverse and sometimes unachievable, especially learners from LSEN schools felt marginalized as they were not included in mainstream sport programmes and events. Furthermore, some schools were found to have their academic activities disturbed due to educator involvement in USSASA. This shows that due to unceasing demands, USSASA needs to employ full-time staff to do its work and not involve educators to such a large extent. Information flow to some schools from USSASA also did not reach the schools in time. However, USSASA provided access to wider sport participation in 18 sporting codes for many schools. / Prof. C. Burnett Prof. W. J. Hollander

The purpose of this study was to highlight processes and experiences within the non-profit sport association about inclusion of para-athletes. The research questions were: How are the external processes about inclusion described within the non-profit sport association? How are the internal processes about inclusion described within the non-profit sport association? And what significance does the inclusion of parasport have for the non-profit sport association? The study was conducted by using a qualitative method with semistructured interviews with a total of seven respondents from six nonprofit sport associations in Sweden. The results showed that the non-profit sports associations are positive about the inclusion process. One of the reasons non-profit sport associations work with inclusion of para-athletes was to contribute to a better society where everyone has the right to practice sports. Important factors to be able to work with inclusion of people with disabilities were collaborations with local healthcare, special schools and habilitation clinics. Being able to seek economic support and also understanding of disabilities and patience. In conclusion, working with inclusion of para-athletes contributed to a lot of joy and greater understanding of other people's challenges, which in turn could contribute to a new way of performing sports.

Title: Sports activities for people with mental disabilities Purpose: Give information about the sport of individuals with mental retardation at the sports club level and its personal and materiál provision. Methods of research: Quantitative analysis was used for this thesis. To attain the purpose of research were used non-standard questionnaire . This non-standard questionnaire obtained 23 questions to determine personal and professional provisions at sports clubs associated with the Czech Associaton of Mentalyy Disabled Athletes and also actions where these individual clubs are participating. Results: Based on the research we were able to determine that 63% representatives associated with the Czech Association of Mentally Disabled Athletes have pedagogical education. 73 % of their activity is voluntary, often without any compensation. Material, space and personal conditions are acceptable at club level but possibilities for improvement are in all spheres. Keywords: mental retardation, school physical education, sports, personal and financial provisions of sport

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the working model, presented by The Swedish Floorball Federation, has been a good method to work with gender equality within Swedish floorball associations. The purpose of the The Swedish Floorball Federation’sproject was for its associations to develop a plan of action for how to act to be an equal treatment association pursuing an equal treatment sport. 13 associations answered the questionnaire study. The result show that the great majority clearly found a need of change to become more equally treating and most of those associations have somewhat of an idea how to realize those changes. 77 percent (ten associations) experience the use of the work material as satisfying. The associations most negative to the specific work material are the ones who seem to not even been using the material. Neither has those associations found a need of change to become more equally treating. Furthermore, the study suggests that there might be a lack of knowledge on the subjects of gender equality, gender mainstreaming and work of change overall. Conclusions are made that further studies on what qualitative substance the plans of action contains in comparison to the associations real need of change are recommended, as well as what accurate knowledge is needed for Swedish floorball associations to work sustainably with gender equality.

Bakgrund: Inkludering av barn och ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund är viktigt för att idrotten ska vara inkluderande för alla. Tidigare undersökningar visar att personer med utländsk bakgrund har svårigheter att bli en del av idrott på grund av språkliga brister, föräldrar, kultur, socioekonomisk status och ekonomi. Den tidigare forskningen inom ämnet förklarar intresset av att undersöka idrottsföreningar och RF-SISU Värmlands arbete med inkludering av barn och ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund. Syfte: Det huvudsakliga syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur idrottsföreningar och RF-SISU i Värmland arbetar med att inkludera utsatta grupper inom idrotten, med fokus på barn och ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund. För att besvara syftet utgick uppsatsen från tre frågeställningar: Hur arbetar idrottsföreningarna i Värmland för ett inkluderande idrottsklimat för barn och ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund? Vilka svårigheter upplever idrottsföreningar med att inkludera barn och ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund? Vilken roll har RF-SISU Värmland i arbetet med inkludering av barn och ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund? Metod: Uppsatsen har utgått från en kvalitativ metod och insamlandet av material skedde med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet bestod av fem personer från idrottsföreningar i Värmland som på något vis arbetar alternativt har arbetat med inkludering, samt en person från RF-SISU Värmland. Tematisk analys användes för att ta ut det mest relevanta från intervjuerna kopplat till syfte och frågeställningar. Analysen gav två teman med tillhörande underteman vilket presenteras i resultatet. Resultat: Uppsatsens resultat visade att idrottsföreningarna arbetar med att inkludera barn och ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund på olika sätt. Betydelsen av att verka i ett socioekonomiskt svagare område var viktigt för att locka fler med utländsk bakgrund, och flickor med utländsk bakgrund var en viktig målgrupp att nå ut till. Resultatet visade även att det fanns svårigheter med att inkludera barn och ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund utifrån fyra faktorer. De förkommande faktorerna var föräldrar och ledare med utländsk bakgrund, socioekonomisk status och ekonomiska förutsättningar. RF-SISU Värmlands roll i arbetet med att inkludera barn och ungdomar med utländsk bakgrund visade sig vara i form av stöttning och beroende av idrottsföreningars behov.  Diskussion: Uppsatsens resultat stämmer överens med tidigare forskning gällande påverkan av socioekonomisk status, föräldrar, kulturella skillnader och ekonomiska förutsättningar. Det teoretiska ramverket för uppsatsen med överbryggande socialt kapital och intersektionalitet som perspektiv gav en större förståelse för uppsatsens resultat. Vidare behövs det fortsatt forskning inom området för att få en djupare förståelse om inkludering av barn och ungdomar utifrån andra faktorer som föräldrar och ledare med utländsk bakgrund. / Background: Inclusion of children and youths with a foreign background in sport association is important for sports to be for everyone. Previous research shows that people with a foreign background have difficulties to become a part of sports due to language deficits, parents, culture, socioeconomic status and economy. The previous research within the subject explains the personal interest in investigating sports associations and RF-SISU Varmland´s work to include children and youths with foreign background in organized sports. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine how sport associations and RF-SISU Varmland work to include vulnerable groups in sports with a focus on children and young people with a foreign background. The essay was based on three questions to answer the overall purpose of the study: How do the sport associations work to include children and youths with a foreign background. What difficulties do sports associations experience with including children and youths with a foreign background?  What role does RF-SISU Varmland have in the work to include children and young people with a foreign background? Method: The study has had a qualitative method and the qualitative semi structured interview was used as the data collection method. A range of five people from sports associations in Varmland who in some way work or alternatively have worked with inclusion, as well as one person from RF-SISU Värmland were selected. Thematic analyzes were used as the analysis method and presented two themes and associated subthemes Results: The results of the study showed the sport associations work to include children and youths in different ways. To operate in a socioeconomically weaker area was important to attract more children and youths with a foreign background, and girls with a foreign background were an important group to reach out to. The results also showed that there are difficulties with including children and young people with a foreign background based on four factors. The factors were parents and leaders with a foreign background, socioeconomic status and economic conditions. RF-SISU Varmland´s role in the work to include children and youths with a foreign background was to support sport associations. Discussion: The results of the study are consistent with previous research regarding the influence of socioeconomic status, parents, cultural differences and economic conditions. The theoretical framework for the study with bridging social capital and intersectionality as perspectives provided a greater understanding of the results. Furthermore, continued research is needed within the area. The research needs to provide a wider perspective and investigate factors as parents and leaders with foreign background.

Syfte: Denna studie ämnar beskriva och analysera organisationsformer och ledarskap inom svensk golfverksamhet. Svensk golf är speciell eftersom den både finns i ideell form inom Riksidrottsförbundets ramar, i kombination med ett aktiebolag och som rent kommersiell verksamhet. Svensk idrottsverksamhet lägger högt fokus på samhällsvärde, samtidigt som organisationer behöver hantera en komplex ekonomisk verksamhet. Oavsett verksamhetsform kan friktion uppstå och organisationer med multipla institutionella logiker behöver hantera de krav som skapas.   Metod: Studien utfördes genom intervjuer med nio klubbchefer inom tre olika organisationsformer. Klubbchefer valdes för att de antogs ha insyn i verksamheten. Urvalet var strategiskt för att få så stor bredd som möjligt beträffande verksamhetsform, geografi, ålder och kön. Analysen genomfördes tematiskt och utgår ifrån analysprocessen ”Big Q” (Braun, Clarke & Weate, 2016) för att studera intervjupersonernas livsvärld i den svenska idrottskontexten.   Analys: Med hjälp av ny-institutionell organisationsteori diskuteras utmaningar och strategier för de olika organisationerna och för klubbcheferna som leder dem. Ett organisationsschema över golfverksamhet i Sverige presenteras för att ge en beskrivning av den kontext studien analyserar. Här beskrivs klubbchefen som ”spindeln i nätet” vilket representerar den övergripande arbetsroll hen besitter, oavsett organisationsform. Vidare presenteras en tillämpbar praktisk modell för att sammanställa och jämföra organisationsformerna.   Slutsats: De konkurrerande logikerna visar sig kunna hanteras väl inom golfen i Sverige. Verksamheterna i denna studie arbetar med ett integrerat ledningsorgan som tar hänsyn till både den samhällsfrämjande logiken och den finansiella logiken. Klubbchefen är den hybrida individen som håller samman organisationen. En återkommande utmaning är dock hög arbetsbelastning på klubbchef på grund av bristfälliga resurser, både ekonomiska möjligheter och stöd från ideellt arbetande inom organisationen. Golfaren som medlem eller kund är en central fråga för framtiden. / Purpose: This study means to describe and analyze organizational forms and management in Swedish golf organizations. Swedish golf stands out because it governs in associations within the Swedish Sport Confederations framework, in combination with an incorporated company and as a commercialized business. Swedish sports prioritize societal value and simultaneously needs to manage a complex financial business. Regardless organizational form can tension arise and organizations with multiple institutional logics needs to manage the challenges created.   Method: The study conducted interviews with nine general managers in three different organizational forms. General managers were chosen because they assumed to have insight in the organization. The sample was made strategically to get a wide population regarding organizational form, location, age, and gender. The analyze process performed thematically was inspired by the strategy “Big Q” (Braun, Clarke & Weate, 2016) to study the interviewees workday in the Swedish sport context.   Analysis: With aid from new institutionalized theory discusses challenges and strategies for the differentialized organizations and for the general manager who leads them. A club structure is presented to describe the Swedish context. The general manager describes as “the spider in the web” which represents the comprehensive work role possessed, regardless organizational form. The study also presents a practical model is to summarize and compare the organizational forms.   Conclusion: The competing logics is shown to be handled well in Swedish golf organizations. The organizations in this study govern through an integrated management which considers both social value logic and the financial logic. The general manager is the hybrid individual which holds the organization together. A recurrent challenge is a high workload on the general manager created by inadequate resources, both economic resources and lack of support from voluntary workforce. The golfer as a member or a customer is a central question for the future.