Sporting nationality in the light of European Union law Jan Exner Abstract The aim of this master's thesis is to answer the question of how to grasp and categorize the concept of sporting nationality in the EU. Its goal is to consider compliance of the rules set up by international sporting governing bodies determining athletes' eligibility in national teams with the concrete provisions of EU law. The provisions under scrutiny are mostly those laying down the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of nationality in the fields of EU citizenship, internal market freedoms and competition. The master's thesis simultaneously aims at suggesting concrete recommendations to international sporting governing bodies in order to better adapt their rules to EU law requirements. The authors of this master's thesis first claims that rules governing athletes' eligibility in national teams fall within the scope of EU law since they have economic impact and effect. Secondly, it is submitted that these rules limit athletes' rights under EU law and constitute therefore a restriction to respective provisions of the EU legal order. That is why the question whether such a restriction to EU law may be justified is examined. In this respect, the Court of Justice provided sporting world with a useful manual on how to pass EU law...

The purpose of the study was to examine coaches’ experiences of working with RIU (Riksidrottsuniversitet)-dual career (DC) athletes with foci on the coaches’ DC awareness, perceived challenges, resources, and strategies. The authors of this study conducted 9 interviews, including both men and women, ranging from 23 to 54 years of age (M=33.33, SD=10.20). Through combining the holistic athletic career model (Wylleman, 2019) and the athletic career transition model (Stambulova, 2003), semistructured interview guides were designed and applied by the authors. The results showed a lack of awareness regarding what the RIU concept entailed for the coaches, and their greatest challenge was to help their athletes remain focused on their practice. The coaches expressed that the most important resources were the coaches’ own professional support network, as well as the athletes’ support network, which would aid the coaches in their work. The coaches had difficulties with articulating what strategies they utilized when helping their student-athletes, though they could still explain situations in which that they had acted in certain ways to help ease the demands for the DC-athlete. These strategies were “planning together with the athlete” and “adjusting schedules in line with the student-athletes demands”. The results of the study highlight the need for a better communication between the coaches and the schools, in terms of optimizing the environment for the student-athletes. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka tränares upplevelser av att arbeta med studentidrottare, med fokus på deras upplevda utmaningar, resurser och strategier. Författarna till uppsatsen genomförde nio intervjuer, vilket inkluderade både män och kvinnor från 23 till 54 års ålder (M = 33,33, SD = 10,20). Genom att kombinera Holistiska karriärutvecklingmodellen (Wylleman, 2019) och Karriärövergångsmodellen (Stambulova, 2003) designades semistrukturerade intervjuguider av författarna. Resultaten visade brist på insikt i RIU (Riksidrottsuniversitet) konceptet från tränarna och deras största utmaning var att hjälpa idrottare att behålla sitt fokus under träningarna. Tränarna uttryckte att den viktigaste resursen var tränarnas egna professionella stödnätverk, tillsammans med idrottarnas egna stödnätverk, vilket bidrog till att tränarna kunde behålla fokus på sin egen uppgift. Tränarna hade svårigheter att formulera de strategier som de använde sig av när de hjälpte sina studentidrottare. Dock, kunde de fortfarande förklara situationer när de hade agerat på särskilda sätt för att hjälpa underlätta kraven för studentidrottaren. Dessa strategier var “planering tillsammans med idrottaren” och “anpassa scheman i enlighet med studentidrottarens krav”. Resultaten av uppsatsen önskar belysa att det behövs en bättre kommunikation mellan tränaren och skolorna för att kunna optimera miljön för studentidrottare.

The subject of the thesis to this is newly built sports facilities tennis club in Brno Pole. The building has a basement and three floors. The main entrance to make the building is from the west side of the level 1.NP. At the bottom of the building is the location of facilities for athletes. On the top floor located facilities for staff and snackbar. Vertical and horizontal structures are mostly made from ceramic system components Heluz. The staircases are monolithic reinforced concrete. Part of the new buildings are complete aluminum construction, plumbing, others, carpentry, locksmith's products. The project was evaluated by computer program AutoCAD.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена разработке подходов к управлению устойчивым развитием муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург» за счет использования комплексного эффекта от проведения крупных спортивных мероприятий. В диссертации осуществлен анализ теоретических подходов к изучению крупных спортивных мероприятий как инструмента развития территории. В ней представлены нормативно-правовые основы организации крупных спортивных мероприятий и использования эффектов от их проведения в программах развития территории, а также методические подходы к разработке социальных технологий развития территории муниципального образования, основанных на проведении крупных спортивных мероприятий. Аналитическая глава посвящена разработке социальных технологий развития муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург», основанных на проведении крупных спортивных мероприятий. В ней автор осуществил анализ опыта организации и проведения крупных спортивных мероприятий в г. Екатеринбурге и их влияние на социально-экономическое, социальное и культурное развитие территории муниципального образования, оценку управленческих подходов к планированию и использованию социально-экономических, социальных и культурных эффектов от проведения крупных спортивных мероприятий для развития территории г. Екатеринбурга. Были выделены проблемы и перспективы устойчивого развития г. Екатеринбурга в контексте подготовки и проведения крупных спортивных мероприятий. Практическое значение диссертации заключается в разработке направлений совершенствования деятельности органов власти по проведению крупных спортивных мероприятий и развитию спортивной инфраструктуры в постсоревновательный период. / The master's thesis is devoted to the development of approaches to the management of sustainable development of the Yekaterinburg through the use of the integrated effect of major sporting events. The master's thesis analyzes theoretical approaches to the study of major sporting events as a tool for the development of the territory. It presents the regulatory framework for the organization of major sporting events and the use of the effects of their implementation in the development programs of the territory, as well as methodological approaches to the development of social technologies for the development of the territory of the municipality based on the conduct of major sporting events. The analytical chapter is devoted to the development elaboration of social technologies for the development of the Yekaterinburg, based on major sporting events. In it, the author analyzed the experience of organizing and holding major sporting events in Yekaterinburg and their impact on the socio-economic, social and cultural development of the territory of the municipality, assessed management approaches to planning and using socio-economic, social and cultural effects of major sporting events for the development of the territory of the city. Yekaterinburg. The problems and prospects of the sustainable development of Yekaterinburg in the context of the preparation and holding of major sporting events were highlighted. The practical significance of the master's thesis is the elaboration of directions for improving the activities of authorities for holding major sporting events and the development of sports infrastructure in the post-competitive period.

No description available.

Parce que la singularité du sport s’est estompée au fur et à mesure qu’il développait sa dimension économique et que certains de ses acteurs adoptaient un comportement économique rationnel, le droit commun du travail et les normes forgées par l’Union européenne ne pouvaient que trouver application dans ce secteur d’activité. Des particularités du sport la conclusion est parfois tirée qu’une « exception » doit être reconnue et qu’un droit spécial du travail d’origine étatique doit être élaboré. Si leur pertinence n’est pas avérée, celle d’un droit professionnel largement bâti par ses acteurs via la négociation collective nationale ou européenne (dans les limites fixées par la norme étatique) l’est davantage. L’exclusion du droit commun du travail ou de celui de l’Union européenne n’est admissible que si des éléments objectifs et concrets la justifient. Elle ne peut légitimement reposer sur l’existence d’une « coutume ». Si les contraintes liées à l’aléa sportif, à l’équité sportive ou à la brièveté de la carrière de certains de ses acteurs peuvent en relever, encore faut-il les apprécier avec rigueur et mesurer strictement leurs effets sur les conditions d’emploi et de travail. Le particularisme résiduel d’une activité économique ne saurait justifier de l’exclure du droit commun du travail ou du droit de l’Union. L’application de certaines règles étatiques dans le sport pose des problèmes d’articulation normative, notamment en raison d’interférences avec des règles sportives. Mais de ce jeu-là, le droit commun du travail ou le droit de l’Union sort souvent vainqueur. Neutralisant les frontières tracées par le mouvement sportif, notamment entre le sport amateur et le sport professionnel, il obtient, via son juge, que ses impératifs l’emportent. / As sport specificity has been fading away while developing its economic dimension and adopting a rational economic behaviour, common labour laws and European law have inevitably applied to this sector of activity. Admitting sport special features sometimes leads to the conclusion that an “exception” has to be recognised and that special labour laws emanating from the state must be developed. While such a conclusion is not relevant, a professional law implemented by its actors through national or European collective bargaining (within the state legal frame set up) is, to a large extent, more appropriate. The exclusion of common labour laws or European law is acceptable only if justified by objective and concrete elements. It cannot legitimately be based on “customs”. If the constraints related to sports hazards, sporting fairness or sporting career shortness can be justified by such customs, it is necessary to rigorously appreciate and strictly measure their effects on employment and working conditions. The residual distinctive identity of an economic activity provides no justification for excluding it from the application of common labour laws or European law. The application of certain state rules and laws to sport reveals some normative articulation issues, in particular in relation to conflicts arising with sporting rules. However, in such a game, common labour laws and European law often win. Neutralizing the boundaries drawn by the sports community, in particular between amateur and professional sports, they succeed, through their judges, in having their requirements prevailing.

Cette thèse aborde la question du rapport entre les conjonctures socio-politiques de l'Espagne de la première moitié du XXe siècle et le traitement ou la considération du ''fait sportif'' en Catalogne. Dans cette étude, le quotidien barcelonais El Mundo Deportivo (1906- à nos jours), constitue une source de recherche intéressante dans l'interprétation de la trajectoire de la pratique et de l'information sportive catalane, et sa relation avec le monde politique, de la Seconde République au franquisme, en passant par la Guerre civile. Ainsi, la période républicaine est marquée par un certain détachement du pouvoir politique vis-à-vis du fait sportif. Quant au régime totalitaire du Généralissime Francisco Franco, il suppose une mise sous tutelle de la presse et une centralisation de la direction de la vie sportive espagnole au début des années quarante. Cette analyse établit, notamment une corrélation entre le statut social de la femme espagnole, sa présence réelle dans la vie sportive, et le régime politique en vigueur dans le pays / This thesis is about the relation between the Spanish socio-political conjunctures in the first half of the twentieth century and the dealing with or the consideration of the "sporting fact" in Catalonia. In this study the barcelonan daily paper El Mundo Deportivo (1960 - till today), is an interesting source of research about interpreting the practice trajectory and the catalan sporting information, and its relation with the political world during the Second Republic to the francoism, through the civil war. Thus, the republican period is marked by a certain political power detachment from the sporting fact. As for the Generalissimo Francisco Franco totalitarian regime, it supposes the press to be under supervision and a centralization of the Spanish sporting activities management in the beginning of the 1940s. This analysis shows particularly a correlation between the social status of the Spanish woman, her real presence in sporting life, and the country political regime in force

Sport is an inherently hegemonic hyper masculinity-building project. Therefore, tensions exist when non-hegemonic groups reclaim sport. This thesis questions how normativity is constructed and resisted in non-normative sporting spaces. Drawing from semi-structured interviews, participant observations, self-reflection qualitative methods and post-structural, spatial and post-colonial theory, I problematize how sportsmanship (sportspersonship) is “cultivated” in a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (lgbtq) soccer league . Specifically, I interrogate how queer sporting bodies negotiate (homo/hetero)normativity by either contesting or confirming neoliberal values of ‘sportsmanship.’ Five interlocking themes that emerged from my data suggest that ‘a queer muscularity’ and ‘a normative queer nationhood’ is being (re)produced by and through queer sporting bodies and sports spaces. I argue that we need to be vigilant of queer sporting spaces that claim to be or are assumed to have greater inclusivity because these spaces may actually facilitate the (re)production of dominant discourses and norms.

Sport is an inherently hegemonic hyper masculinity-building project. Therefore, tensions exist when non-hegemonic groups reclaim sport. This thesis questions how normativity is constructed and resisted in non-normative sporting spaces. Drawing from semi-structured interviews, participant observations, self-reflection qualitative methods and post-structural, spatial and post-colonial theory, I problematize how sportsmanship (sportspersonship) is “cultivated” in a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (lgbtq) soccer league . Specifically, I interrogate how queer sporting bodies negotiate (homo/hetero)normativity by either contesting or confirming neoliberal values of ‘sportsmanship.’ Five interlocking themes that emerged from my data suggest that ‘a queer muscularity’ and ‘a normative queer nationhood’ is being (re)produced by and through queer sporting bodies and sports spaces. I argue that we need to be vigilant of queer sporting spaces that claim to be or are assumed to have greater inclusivity because these spaces may actually facilitate the (re)production of dominant discourses and norms.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-12-14T19:44:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Mario.pdf: 1047144 bytes, checksum: 4739256da6fea7f80703770f5e351bfc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-12-14T19:45:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Mario.pdf: 1047144 bytes, checksum: 4739256da6fea7f80703770f5e351bfc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-02-18T12:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Mario.pdf: 1047144 bytes, checksum: 4739256da6fea7f80703770f5e351bfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-28 / This study aimed to verify to what extent the impacts and legacies of the implementation of the 2007 Pan American Games changed the social conditions and way of use of the urban space in Rio de Janeiro. It was taken into account that the Americas‟ competition is inserted in the application of the global city concepts, since the international sports festivals were transformed into mega events inside the consolidation of the competitive urban planning thought. In order to contextualize this analysis, it was needed a research on the urban history of the host cities at the intersection of two movements: the global city and mega events. Considering the that the decision to conduct the mega event in Rio was taken by the public sphere, as well as its financing, the state spending was analyzed and reclassified according to O‟Connor‟s methodology (1977), and afterwards divided into the functions of accumulation and of legitimacy, in order to identify the advantaged and disadvantaged by effected public policy. The research results showed that there was a deepening of the social and urban inequality and urban, through transfers of public resources for the dominance of private capital. / O presente estudo objetivou verificar até que ponto os impactos e o legado da implementação dos Jogos Pan-americanos de 2007 alteraram as condições sociais e a forma de utilização do espaço urbano na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Considerou-se que a competição das Américas esteja inserida na aplicação dos conceitos da cidade global, uma vez que os festivais esportivos internacionais se transformaram em megaeventos na esteira da consolidação do pensamento do planejamento urbano competitivo. Para contextualizar essa análise foi necessária uma pesquisa sobre a trajetória urbana da cidade-sede na interseção dos dois movimentos: cidade global e megaeventos. Tendo em vista que a decisão da realização do megaevento carioca foi tomada pela esfera pública, assim como o seu financiamento, foram analisados os gastos estatais e reclassificados, segundo a metodologia de O‟Connor (1977), e divididos nas funções de acumulação e de legitimação com o intuito de identificar os favorecidos e os desfavorecidos pela política pública efetivada. Os resultados da investigação sinalizam um aprofundamento da desigualdade social e urbana, via transferências de recursos públicos para o domínio do capital privado