This thesis directly approaches intercollegiate football from a cultural perspective. The football’s popularity exploded during the Twentieth-Century. Television, merchandizing, and a national sporting culture are associated with this development. However, controversies often muddied the waters of that popularity. Football’s brutality, athletic scholarships, and controversies within athletics departments overshadowed the immense popularity of intercollegiate football. During the Twenty-First Century, several universities started new football programs. Two of which being Georgia State University and Southeastern Louisiana University. Given the context balancing popularity and controversy, the administrators demonstrated how the image of intercollegiate football has changed over the course of the past century. This thesis analyzes how the administrators sold the new football programs to their respective institutions and concludes that both universities emphasized the sport’s popularity, avoided controversy, recognized the large potential for financial loss, and concentrated the new programs benefit being increased indirect and intrinsic values.

L’objet de ce travail de recherche est de s’interroger sur la dialectique entre la professionnalisation et la mondialisation du rugby à XV et l’évolution des ancrages territoriaux qui en découle, en fonction du modèle sportif qui est propre à chaque terrain d’investigation sélectionné : la Bretagne, le Munster et la Géorgie. L’enjeu est de démontrer dans quelle mesure la professionnalisation des organisations et des acteurs sportifs est le moteur à la fois de la globalisation rugbystique et de nouvelles logiques oligopolistiques de différentiation territoriale du rugby, aux différentes échelles spatiales. S’étant diffusée au sein des championnats domestiques amateurs, cette professionnalisation provoque des dynamiques au profit des territoires sportifs les plus compétitifs et les mieux intégrés au reste du monde rugbystique globalisé, tout en étant le vecteur d’identités territoriales spécifiques. Le choix des trois terrains d’enquête résulte de la pertinence de s’interroger sur l’articulation entre les modèles sportifs et les ancrages territoriaux pour appréhender chaque modèle de production d’espace rugbystique, et sur les formes spécifiques d’ancrage territorial de la pratique du rugby, en considérant celui-ci comme un médiateur territorial. Pour chaque terrain d’enquête, tout en procédant par itération, la mise en oeuvre de la méthode de la triangulation permet d’approfondir et de mettre à l’épreuve les concepts mobilisés. Trois grandes approches de l’analyse socio-spatiale du sport sont privilégiées : l’approche structurelle, l’approche systémique, et celle qui donne de l’importance au rôle des acteurs. / The aim of this research work is to wonder about the dialectic between the professionalization and the globalization of the rugby union, and the evolution of the resulting territorial anchorages, depending on the specific sporting model of the investigation lands that have been selected: Brittany, Munster and Georgia. The issue is to demonstrate to what extent the professionalization of the organizations and the sporting actors is at the same time the driving force of the rugby globalization and of new rugby territorial differentiations’ oligopolistic logics, on various levels in geographic terms. Being diffused into the domestic amateur championships, this professionalization stimulates dynamics in favor of the much competitive sporting territories and the best integrated to the rest of the globalized world, while being the vector of specific territorial identities. The selection of the three investigation lands stems from the relevantness of the interrogation on the link between the sporting models and the territorial anchorages to comprehend each model of rugby territorial production and the specific forms of the territorial anchorage of the rugby practice, considering this sport as a territorial mediator. For each investigation land, while proceeding by iteration, the triangulation method implemented allows to go deeper and to test the concepts that have been mobilized. Three major socio spatial analysis approaches have been focused: the structural approach, the systemic approach and the approach that highlights the actors’ role.

Due to the excitement and prestige surrounding the Olympics, international perceptions of hosting the Games are positive and the Olympics are thought to bring prosperity and economic benefits to the host country. However this paper insists that hosting the Olympic Games is actually more detrimental to the host country than beneficial. Though each Games is different and every host country has the opportunity to create a positive Games, the negative aspects of hosting the Games create a difficult environment for any country to host a successful Games. Due to the negative effects of the Olympics on national unity, economic impact and international legitimacy, hosting the Olympics is a losing gamble for Olympic host nations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:44:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6681.pdf: 1713150 bytes, checksum: 069539cefd7257ce78fdbdff199937da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This study aims to identify the sporting programs for people with disability in São Carlos (SP), in order to comprehend the aspects of those citizens looking also at the intersectional interactions, the public policies and at the university role in such context. The idea was to get the perspective from the managers, the related professionals and also from the participants. To do so, the necessary data was collected with the public bodies and the supporting entities. First, it was developed a document analysis to comprehend the public policies to disable people. Then, interviews were carried along with participating observation of the activities to get familiar to the field. The study was developed with some municipal departments (Sport and Leisure, Health, Citizenship and Social Assistance and Education) and also with the NGO Information Movement about Disability, Serviço Social do Comércio (SESC) as well as a city councilman. It was based on 22 interviews with managers, professionals and participants together with approximately 58 hours of participating observation. It can be concluded from these data that in the city there are few people participating of those sporting activities, especially when considering women. In general, the programs are offered only for people with disability and are not well articulated. The municipal Education department offers the oldest and best structured program. The programs are a result from the individual effort of the interviewees than from an effective articulated policy. Many of the interviewed people highlighted the importance of the university to train professionals to carry research and to work with the society. However, they also stressed that there s still a gap in university s part in public policies. They have also drawn the attention to how important it is to value sporting activities and its contribution for social integration and quality of life of people with disability. It was noticed a new look over the disabled body which is affirmed when it can develop itself as an athlete. We can conclude that policies in the area are fragile and are disarticulated, which stress the importance of studies and actions to change this context. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os programas físico-esportivos existentes no município de São Carlos (SP) que contemplam a participação das pessoas com deficiência, para compreender as características da população atendida, as articulações intersetoriais, as políticas públicas que os sustentam e o papel da Universidade neste contexto. Buscou-se obter a visão dos gestores, profissionais e participantes sobre tais programas, para isto, foram levantados junto às secretarias municipais de interesse e as entidades de apoio os dados pertinentes. Primeiramente, foi desenvolvida a análise documental visando compreender as políticas públicas para esta população, posteriormente, foram realizadas entrevistas e observação participante do desenvolvimento de atividades para maior aproximação com o campo. O estudo se realizou junto às Secretarias de Esporte e Lazer, Saúde, Cidadania e Assistência Social e Educação, à ONG Movimento de Informação sobre Deficiência, ao Conselho Municipal da Pessoa com Deficiência, ao Serviço Social do Comércio (SESC) e a um vereador da cidade. Foram realizadas 22 entrevistas, entre gestores, profissionais e participantes e aproximadamente 58 horas de observação participante. Observa-se que no município são poucos os participantes de atividades físico-esportivas, principalmente, entre o público feminino. Em geral, os programas oferecidos, atendem, exclusivamente, às pessoas com deficiência e são pouco articulados. A Secretaria de Educação possui o programa mais antigo e estruturado. Entre os entrevistados há uma sensibilização para o tema, sendo os programas resultantes mais do esforço individual do que de uma política efetivamente articulada. Muitos dos entrevistados ressaltaram a importância da universidade para a formação de profissionais, para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas e para o atendimento à comunidade, mas destacaram que há um distanciamento com relação à sua participação nas políticas públicas. Os entrevistados destacaram a importância da valorização da atividade físico-esportiva como finalidade em si e sua contribuição para a inclusão e qualidade de vida das pessoas com deficiência. Observou-se uma visão sobre o corpo da pessoa com deficiência que se positiva quando este pode desenvolver-se como atleta. Conclui-se que as políticas para inclusão das pessoas com deficiência em atividades físico-esportivas são frágeis e encontram-se desarticuladas, o que evidencia a importância de estudos e ações para reverter este quadro.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Sport mega-events are a powerful tool for branding nations. There has been a significant shift in countries that bid for and win the rights to host sport mega-events. Historically, Western countries used to be leaders in winning rights to host such events; however a new emerging trend has seen developing countries winning the rights ahead of developed ones, for example, South Africa, Brazil and Russia winning the rights to host the FIFA World CupTM. South Africa faced a serious branding challenge leading up to the 2010 FIFA World CupTM. Therefore, one of the primary objectives of hosting this tournament was to change international tourists’ perceptions of South Africa. There has been limited research on the brand legacies of the 2010 FIFA World CupTM, hence this research examined the brand image legacies of the tournament in the long run. It is believed that the football fans who attended the 2016 UEFA European Championship either visited South Africa during the 2010 FIFA World CupTM or watched the tournament on television (TV) at home, therefore they have certain perceptions of South Africa as a sport tourism destination. A quantitative methodology was employed to survey football tourists at fan parks and stadium precincts in five metropolitan cities in France during the 2016 UEFA European Championship, using a spatially based systematic sampling technique. In total 391 football tourist questionnaires were completed. The key findings reveal that prior to the 2010 FIFA World CupTM, football tourists’ perceptions of South Africa as a sport tourism destination were generally positive; however they indicated that they were very concerned about safety and security, as well as segregation issues, prior to the tournament. It can be argued that the tournament had a significant impact on reinforcing the positive perceptions of the destination as well as reducing the negative perceptions of the destination. The findings reveal statistically significant differences in most aspects between tourists’ perceptions prior to, and six years after, the 2010 FIFA World CupTM. Tourists’ perceptions on most aspects changed positively six years after the event, including those that were major concerns prior to the tournament. The findings also show that there has been very little repeat visitation to South Africa since South Africa hosted the 2010 FIFA Word CupTM. However, an overwhelming majority of respondents indicated that they were willing to travel to South Africa should it host another sport mega-event in the near future. The key findings of this study have a wider applicability to sport mega-events legacy research and body of knowledge. These key findings can assist destination marketers in managing the destination image and foster a greater understanding of brand image legacies of past mega-events in order to inform the bidding and hosting of future sport mega-events.

Title: Trends in world and czech swimming performance during years 2000-2017 Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to analyze the performance development of czech and world elite swimmers in the last 18 years. The trend of progressive performance changes is monitored in the male and female categories in all individual disciplines on the short course races. Methods: To obtain the data for the thesis, we used a combination of historical and documentary methods. The initial data processing was performed by basic statistical survey, in the result part in the graphical form, with used tables and graphs with partial discussions. The studied object was represented by the national czech and world swimming records of the short course of all individual disciplines for women and men in the senior category Results: During the period 2000-2017, in all individual disciplines, record-breaking values in the Czech Republic and in world swimming were improved. The trend of swimming performance development in the Czech Republic is comparable to the performance development in the world swimming. The development of record values have been greatly influenced by changes in swimming rules, especially in rules, which defines swimwear. The 2008- 2009 period shows a significantly above-average value of the flooded record...

Ce travail propose une géographie-historique des dynamiques du tourisme en Pyrénées, au regard de la situation dans les Alpes et notamment dans les Alpes du Nord. À partir du postulat constructiviste, il s'agit de traiter comment les dynamiques de projet en Pyrénées imitent, concurrencent, ou se détachent du modèle alpin, c'est-à-dire interroger la présence d'un rapport de domination entre ces territoires socialement constitués. Conjointement, il s'agit d'apporter contribution à l'étude des rapports entre le mouvement Olympique et les nouvelles pratiques sportives développées à l'origine en opposition au sport moderne de compétition: surf, BMX, skateboard, escalade, vol libre, VTT, canyoning… une situation heuristique pour observer les liens géographiques, sociologiques et historiques entre tourisme, sport et loisir.À la suite d'une première partie de thèse qui revisite la période 1741-1990 ; une seconde partie détaille le cas du programme transfrontalier "Pyrénées: Laboratoire de l'Olympisme" dont les Jeux Pyrénéens de l'Aventure 1993 en France et en Espagne restent l'une des principales réalisations. Il s'agit d'étudier l'organisation, les acteurs et les implications politiques de ce programme. La discussion finale tente de comprendre notamment à partir du concept de stéréotype transposé en géographie, les difficultés des Pyrénées dans le champ du tourisme et contribue à une géographie cognitive à la fois culturelle et sociale. / This thesis proposes an historical geographical study of tourism dynamics in the Pyrenees, taking account of the situation in the Alps, particularly in the Northern Alps. Based upon the constructivist postulate, this work studies how the dynamics of the project in the Pyrenees imitate, compete with, or differ from the Alpine model; that is to say, it examines the presence of a domination relationship between these socially formed territories.Furthermore, the thesis offers a contribution to the study of relationships between the Olympic movement and new sports such as surfing, BMX, skateboarding, climbing, paragliding, canyoning and mountain biking, all of which were originally developed in opposition to modern sports. This provides a heuristic approach to observing the geographical, sociological and historical relationships between tourism, sport and leisure.Following the first part of the thesis that revisits the period 1741-1990, the second part details the case of the cross-border programme "Pyrénées: Laboratoire de l'Olympisme" in which the Pyrenean Adventure Games 1993, hosted by France and Spain, remain one of the main achievements. This part studies the organisation, the actors and the policy implications of this programme. The final discussion attempts to understand the difficulties of the Pyrenees in the field of tourism, particularly by using the concept of stereotype (adapted to geography) and contributes towards a cognitive geography which is both cultural and social.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-12-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 saraivajunior_s_me_bauru.pdf: 4477824 bytes, checksum: 8d52c57deea76a8fb5b191bd21c96a31 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Apesar do pouco tempo de sua criação, a Internet se destaca como um meio de comunicação recente que trouxe implicações ao modo de se comunicar atual. Certamente, um meio que transmite informações em velocidade que beira a instantaneidade e que atinge ao mesmo tempo todo o planeta traz conseqüências particulares no que se refere ao jornalismo esportivo. Este trabalho buscou demonstrar como os sites brasileiros se estruturaram para realizar a cobertura jornalística durante as Olimpíadas 2004. Partindo de conceituações em torno do jornalismo esportivo e também do webjornalismo, foram selecionados dez produtos editoriais on-line com o propósito de compará-los. Verificamos que modificações os sites sofreram em suas páginas iniciais durante a realização dos Jogos e também identificamos quais e como destinaram páginas específicas ao evento. Neles, foram ainda estudadas as ocorrências das seis características propostas por Marcos Palácios (in MACHADO e PALÁCIOS, 2003, p. 17) conduzindo a uma comparação da estrutura adotada por cada página eletrônica que se destinou a cobrir especificamente as Olimpíadas 2004. Para este estudo, foram selecionados os websites: UOL, Terra, Gazeta Esportiva, Lancenet, O Estado de S. Paulo, Folha de S. Paulo, SPORTV, Globo.com, Bandeirantes, e ESPN Brasil. / In spite of its recent raising, Internet is an outstanding mean of communication which brought implications to the way we communicate today. Certainly, a mean which send information at a speed of propagation border to instantaneity and which reaches all the planet at the same time brigs particular consequences concerning to sporting journalism. This work investigated how the brazilian sites were structured to do on-line journalistic covering during the Olympic Games in 2004. From the beginning with conceptualizations all around sporting journalism and also webjournalism, we collected ten on-line publishing products with the purpose of comparing them. We verified which modifications occurred in their homepages during the Games and also we identified which sites dedicated specifics webpages to the event and how they did it. In them, we studied the occurrences of six characteristics proposed by Marcos Palacios (in MACHADO e PALACIOS, 2003, p. 17), which leaded to a comparison of structure followed as a bases by each webpage which dedicated to cover specifically the Olympic Games in 2004. To this work, we selected the websites: UOL, Terra, Globo.com, Bandeirantes, SPORTV, ESPN Brasil, Gazeta Esportiva, Lancenet, O Estado de S. Paulo e Folha de S. Paulo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5874.pdf: 4736648 bytes, checksum: f58efb28b95c918da7b4b3dd2c31357c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / To reflect about the need for development of motor abilities to any individual, and considering that most of children with physical disabilities are partially or totally privates of the exploration of their bodies and diversified motor experiences, emerged the ideal of systematization of a program of sporting initiation, using itself games and play with goal of developing the fundamental motor abilities (stabilizers, locomotors, manipulative) aimed at sporting initiation. Thus, this study had as goal to check the influence of a sporting initiation program in the development of fundamental motor abilities of children with physical disabilities. Specifically, we seek to elaborate, apply and describe a sporting initiation program directed to children with physical disabilities; to establish criteria/ parameters for evaluation of fundamental motor abilities of children with physical disabilities contextualized in a sporting initiation program; to verify in which areas of fundamental motor abilities of children with physical disabilities the program exercised greater or lesser influence, before and after the proposed intervention. This is a study of quali-quantitative approach, it characterized as research field, of type quantitative-descriptive directed to "study of evaluation of the program". The study sample was incorporated for three children with physical disabilities, of both genders (2 M and 1 F) and age range between six and ten years old. The instruments of data collection utilized were the systematic observation (the tab) and Evaluation Protocol of Sporting Initiation (PAIE) that was developed by the researcher as a means of evaluating the program and the evolution of the participants. The research was divided in four steps: 1) The achievement the anamnesis 2) The application of initial evaluation 3) The development of the program of sporting initiation for children with physical disabilities, which lasted eight weeks, three sessions / lessons per weeks, for a total of twenty four sessions in a period of two-month of intervention. Each one of sessions was planned with average duration of fifty minutes; 4) The application of final evaluation. As a way of analysis of the data obtained by means of the protocol, it was utilized descriptive statistic analysis; the field diary was interpreted in the light of content analysis. The suggested and employee instrument as parameters for evaluation pre and post intervention (PAIE) was sensitive for the characteristics of the children with physical disabilities participating in the study; being able to check the involved variables in the program. Analysis of the results showed that the involved participants in the study (n=3) obtained improvements in each one of three fundamental motor abilities. It was possible to conclude that in general, the program of sporting initiation directed for children with physical disabilities was efficient for the development these abilities. / Ao refletir sobre a necessidade de desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras para qualquer indivíduo, e tendo em vista que a maioria das crianças com deficiência física encontra-se parcialmente ou totalmente privada da exploração do seu corpo e de vivências motoras diversificadas, surgiu o ideal de sistematização de um programa de iniciação esportiva, utilizando-se de jogos e brincadeiras, com a finalidade de desenvolver as habilidades motoras fundamentais (estabilizadoras, locomotoras e manipulativas) voltadas a iniciação esportiva. Portanto, esse estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência de um programa de iniciação esportiva no desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais de crianças com deficiência física. Especificamente, busca-se elaborar, aplicar e descrever um programa de iniciação esportiva voltado para crianças com deficiência física; estabelecer critérios/ parâmetros de avaliação de habilidades motoras fundamentais de crianças com deficiências físicas contextualizadas em um programa de iniciação esportiva; verificar em quais áreas das habilidades motoras fundamentais de crianças com deficiência física o programa exerceu maior ou menor influência, antes e após a intervenção proposta. Trata-se de um estudo de enfoque quali-quantitativo, caracterizado como pesquisa de campo, do tipo quantitativodescritivo voltado ao estudo de avaliação de programa . A amostra do estudo foi constituída por três crianças com deficiência física, de ambos os gêneros (2 M e 1 F) e faixa etária entre 6 e 10 anos de idade. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram a observação sistemática (ficha de registro) e o Protocolo Avaliativo de Iniciação Esportiva (PAIE), elaborado pelo pesquisador como meio de avaliar o programa e a evolução dos participantes. A pesquisa foi dividida em quatro etapas: 1) Realização da anamnese; 2) Aplicação da avaliação inicial; 3) Desenvolvimento do programa de iniciação esportiva para crianças com deficiência física, o qual teve duração de oito semanas, três sessões/aulas por semana, perfazendo um total de 24 sessões num período de dois meses de intervenção. Cada uma das sessões foi planejada com uma duração média de 50 minutos; 4) Aplicação da avaliação final. Como forma de análise dos dados obtidos por meio do protocolo, foi utilizada a análise estatística descritiva; o diário de campo foi interpretado à luz da análise de conteúdo. O instrumento sugerido e empregado como parâmetro de avaliação pré e pós intervenção (PAIE) foi sensível às características das crianças com deficiência física participantes do estudo, sendo capaz de avaliar as variáveis envolvidas no programa. A análise dos resultados demonstrou que os participantes envolvidos no estudo (n=3) obtiveram melhoras em cada uma das três habilidades motoras fundamentais. Foi possível concluir que, de maneira geral, o programa de iniciação esportiva voltado a crianças com deficiência física foi eficaz para o desenvolvimento dessas habilidades.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Events Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. / In recent years, events have shown rapid growth as types of attraction within destinations, with such events creating a favourable image of a host destination, expanding the traditional tourist season, spreading tourist demand more evenly through an area and attracting foreign and domestic visitors (Keyser, 2002:18). As such, events are starting to become an established element and major part of tourism growth and marketing strategies. East London (in the Eastern Cape, South Africa) has hosted a number of successful events (Buffalo City Tourism, 2010) however no known social impact studies related to the community of East London are known to have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to address this gap and to evaluate the social impacts of events tourism on the East London community. The overall research question in this study was, What are the socio-cultural impacts of events tourism on East London? This was a quantitative study that utilised a survey to collect the data. The sampling frame was the community at the Spec-Savers Ironman South Africa Triathlon 2010 held in East London. Potential participants were included in the sample through utilising a random sampling method. The research instrument consisted of four sections, namely demographic profiling (age, gender, race, marital status, education and income), overall event impact perceptions, reasons for spectator participation, and the social impact perceptions of the respondents. The event attendees were interviewed. No incentive was offered for participation, and participants were assured of the confidentiality of their responses.