Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2010. / Mode of access: Internet. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Feb. 9, 2010. Major professor: Dr. Tom Mase. "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering." "January 2010." Includes bibliographical references (p. 172-175).

Uppsatsen behandlar personalekonomi och huruvida mänskliga resurser ska behandlas som en tillgång för organisationer eller inte och fokus ligger på ideella idrottsorganisationer. I teori och empiri påvisas att människan är en viktig resurs för en organisation. Fokus i uppsatsen ligger i att applicera beräkningen av värdet av personalen som en tillgång på ideella idrottsorganisationer, där personalen består till stor del av volontärer. Trots att det rör sig om donerad arbetskraft existerar ändå kostnader kring volontärer, vilket empirin bevisar. Det tydliggörs både av volontärer samt de som ansvarar för volontärer att viss ersättning som exempelvis mat och kläder förväntas, vilka är betydande kostnader att kalkylera. Det framkommer även att välmående och den sociala miljön kring eventet är av betydande vikt för ett fortsatt engagemang samt en positiv och motiverande miljö. / The essay deals with human resources and whether or not they should be treated as an asset or not for organisations and it focuses primarily on nonprofit sport organisations. Theory and empirics show that humans are an important asset in an organisation. The essay focuses on applicating the measurement of the value of personnel as an asset to nonprofit sport organisations, where the volunteers make up for a big part of the staff. In spite of it being donated workforce there are costs to consider in the usage of volunteers, which is proved in the empirics of the essay. It is made clear both by volunteers and people responsible for volunteers that some compensation, in the form of food and clothes for example, is expected by volunteers and these are significant cost to account for. Well-being and the social environment in events are shown to be of significance regarding a continued commitment from the volunteers and also to maintain a positive and motivating environment.

It is noticed that success of sporting activity is positively influenced by certain motives. That prompted to perform a research enabling to determine prevailing sporting activity motives of high peak performance handball players. There is a sporting activity motivation of high peak performance men handball players (n=57) analysed in the final paper of the Master studies. Having analysed sporting activity motives of high peak performance men handball players (n=29) and women handball players (n=28) it was established that prevailing motives of high peak performance men handball players’ sporting activity is “cooperation”, “orientation to activity content” and “collaboration”, however just the motive of “cooperation” is statistically reliable. An average failure evasion level and success motivation level are also prevailing, however there is no a statistically significant difference. Analysing sporting activity motives of high peak performance men handball players in the aspect of sex, we have established that a motive of “cooperation” of social motivation level is the most archetypal for men as well as for women, however statistically reliable difference was not determined; there is a statistically reliable motive of “cooperation” prevailing among men. Statistically unreliable “motive of orientation to activity content” is prevailing among women; an average failure evasion level and success motivation level are most of all expressed among high peak performance men handball... [to full text]

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

SUMMARY Key words: sporting event, economic impact and evaluation methods. The object of the work: sporting event’s economic impact’s evaluation methods analysis. Problem (research) question: Is cost – benefit analysis more effective than economic impact analysis evaluating event’s economic impact? Research hypothesis: cost – benefit analysis is more effective than economic impact analysis evaluating event’s economic impact. The purpose of the work: To evaluate sporting event’s economic impact by accomplishing sporting event’s economic impact’s evaluation methods analysis. Tasks of the work: a. To analyze the theoretical aspects of the sporting event’s economic impact’s evaluation. b. To educe sporting event’s economic impact’s evaluation methods. c. To define factors influencing the sporting event’s input and benefit. d. To substantiate sporting event’s economic impact’s evaluation methodology analyzing the European junior track-and-field athletics championship. Conclusions: 1. Sporting event’s economic impact is evaluated by its benefit. According to scientific literature there can be tangible (in terms of money) and intangible benefit. The tangible benefit of sporting event’s economic impact is evaluated using mathematical methods. Intangible benefit isn’t included as denominate in terms of money. 2. There are various economic impact evaluation methods presented in scientific literature. The economic impact analysis methods or cost – benefit analysis is mostly used for... [to full text]

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama paslaugų kokybė Lietuvos kariuomenės atstovų, dalyvavusių renginyje „Gyvybės ir mirties keliu“, požiūriu. Teorinėje dalyje analizuojami sporto reikšmė, sporto renginio samprata, paslaugos ir paslaugos kokybės samprata. Buvo atlikta kokybės vertinimo modelių lyginamoji analizė ir pasirinktas tinkamiausias modelis šiam tyrimui – SERVQUAL. Remiantis šiuo modeliu parengta anketinė apklausa. Atlikus apklausa buvo surinkti ir išanalizuoti duomenis, bei pateiktos išvados. Raktiniai žodžiai: sporto renginys, paslauga, paslaugos kokybės vertinimas. Tyrimo objektas: sporto renginio paslaugų kokybės vertinimas. Tyrimo problema: koks egzistuoja Lietuvos kariuomenėje sporto renginių kokybės lygis ir kaip patenkinti, geriausiu atveju pranokti, vartotoju lūkesčius? Darbo tikslas: įvertinti sporto renginio „Gyvybės ir mirties keliu“, kaip paslaugos, kokybę. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Apibrėžti sporto renginio sampratą; 2. Atskleisti paslaugų kokybės sampratą; 3. Išanalizuoti paslaugų kokybės vertinimo modelius bei metodus; 4. Ištirti ir įvertinti sporto renginio „Gyvybės ir mirties keliu“ , kaip paslaugos, kokybę. Tyrimo metodai: • Mokslinės literatūros analizė. • Anketinė apklausa. • Statistinė aprašomoji analizė. Darbe pateiktos 6 formulės, 12 paveikslų, 1 priedas. Darbo apimtis – 40 puslapiai. Panaudoti 39 literatūros šaltiniai. / Bachelor's thesis examined the quality of service of the sporting event "The way of life and death" through Lithuanian army representatives’, as a participants’, approach. The theoretical part analyzes the significance of sport, sporting event, the concepts of service and service quality. Comparative analysis of quality assessment models was carried out and the most appropriate model for this study – SERVQUAL – was selected. Based on this model questionnaire was developed. After the survey was conducted, data was collected and analyzed, and conclusions was formulated. Key words: sporting event, service, service quality assessment. The object of the work: sporting event quality assessment. Problem (research) question: what is the level of service quality of sporting events in Lithanian army, and how expectations of consumers can satisfied or even exceded? The porpose of work: to make an assessment of quality of sporting event “The way of life and death” as a service. Tasks of the work: 1. To define the concept of a sports event; 2. To reveal the concept of service quality ; 3. To analyze the service quality assessment models and methods; 4. To research and evaluate the service quality of “The way of life and death” sporting event. Methods of research: • The analysis of literature; • The quiz; • Statitical reviewing analysis. The work includes: 6 formulas, 12 pictures, 1 annex. Total: 40 pages. 39 references used.

Darbo objektas: įmonių socialinės atsakomybės vertinimas. Darbo problema– sporto organizacijų vadovų įmonių socialinės atsakomybės supratimo ir prioritetinių veiklų vertinimas. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti įmonių socialinę atsakomybę sporto organizacijose. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Apibrėžti įmonių socialinės atsakomybės sampratą bei jos sededamasias dalis; 2. Išanalizuoti suinteresuotasias grupes, turinčias įtakos vykdant įmonių socialinę atsakomybę ir įvertinti tokios veiklos teikiamas naudas ir kaštus; 3. Įvertinti kaip sporto organizacijų vadovai supranta įmonių socialinę atsakomybę ir kokias prioritetines veiklas jie išskiria. Darbo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė; anketinė apklausa; matematinė analizė. Tyrimo išvados: 1. ĮSA apibrėžimai sistemingai apima aplinkos, ekonominę, socialinę, suinteresuotųjų šalių ir savanorystės dimensijas, o pagrindinės sferos, kuriose organizacijos gali būti socialiai atsakingos, yra: ekonominė, teisinė, etinė ir filantropinė; 2. Pagrindinės suinteresuotosios grupės, kurios gali paveikti organizaciją imtis socialiai atsakingos veiklos yra: darbuotojai, vartotojai, tiekėjai, akcininkai/steigėjai, vadovai ir bendruomenė. Nors ĮSA yra siejama su papildomomis išlaidomis organizacijai, tačiau būdama socialiai atsakinga ji daugeliu atveju gali užsitikrinti geresnį įvaizdį, suinteresuotųjų grupių palankumą ir konkurencinį pranašumą; 3. Apibendrinant tyrimą, galima pateikti tokias išvadas: 3.1. Respondentų supratimas apie ĮSA susijęs su teisine... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the work: the assessment of corporate social responsibility. The issue of the work– the managers of sporting organizations corporate social responsibility understanding and the priority activities assessment. Aim of the work: to eveluate corporate social responsibility in sporting organizations. Objectives: 1. To define the definition of corporate social responsibility and its components; 2. To analize concerned groups, which influence corporate social responsibility, and to eveluate its profits and expenses; 3. To explore how the managers of sporting organizations understand corporate social responsibility and what kind of priority activities do they carried out. Methods: the analysis of scientific literature, survey using questionairres, mathemathical analysis. Conclusions: 1. The definitions of CSR systematically include environmental, economical, social, stakeholders and voluntary dimensions, and the main sphere of which organizations can be socially responsible are: economical, legal, ethical and philanthropic; 2. The main cocerned groups, which can influence the organization to start socially responsible activities are: staff, consumers, suppliers, stakeholders, managers and society. Although CSR is related with aditional expences for the organization, in many cases, while being socialy responsible it can secure better image, the acceptance of concerned groups and competitive advantages; 3. While summarising the research following conclusions... [to full text]

No description available.

Darbo objektas – jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybinė emocinė būsena. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Darbo uždaviniai: Nustatyti ir įvertinti didesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Nustatyti ir įvertinti mažesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Palyginti skirtingo meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Išvados: Prieš varžybas didesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų savijautos ir nuotaikos lygis buvo aukštas, o aktyvumas buvo vidutinio ir aukšto lygio. Didesnio meistriškumo boksininkams buvo būdingas vidutinis ir didelis situacinio nerimo lygis, vidutinis ir padidėjęs asmenybės nerimo lygis, žemas ir vidutinis kognityvusis nerimas, vidutinis somatinis nerimas bei vidutinis ir aukštas pasitikėjimas savimi. Mažesnio meistriškumo boksininkams prieš varžybas buvo būdingas vidutinis ir aukštas savijautos, aktyvumo ir nuotaikos lygis. Asmenybės nerimas buvo mažesnis negu situacinis nerimas, o somatinis negu kognityvusis nerimas. Būdingiausias mažesnio meistriškumo boksininkams buvo didelis situacinio nerimo lygis, padidėjęs asmenybės nerimo lygis, žemas ir vidutinis kognityviojo ir somatinio nerimo lygis, vidutinis pasitikėjimas savimi. Nustatyta, kad aukštesnio lygio savijauta ir nuotaika buvo būdinga didesnio meistriškumo jauniesiems boksininkams negu mažesnio meistriškumo (p < 0,05). Didesnio ir mažesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the work – the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers. Aim of the work – to determine the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers. Objectives: To determine and evaluate the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers of higher sporting excellence. To determine and evaluate the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers of lower sporting excellence. To compare the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers of different sporting excellence. Conclusions: The level of well-being and mood of junior boxers of higher sporting excellence before the competition was high, and activity was of average and high level. The boxers of higher sporting excellence felt average and high level of situational anxiety, average and increased level of situational anxiety, average and increased personal anxiety, low and average level of cognitive anxiety, average somatic anxiety and average and high self-confidence. The boxers of lower sporting excellence felt average and high level of well-being, activity and mood before the competition. Personal anxiety was lower than situational anxiety and somatic anxiety was lower than cognitive anxiety. The most characteristic to lower sporting excellence boxers was high level of situational anxiety, increased level of personal anxiety, low and average level of cognitive and somatic anxiety, average self-confidence. It was determined that higher level of well-being and mood was more characteristic to junior boxers of... [to full text]

This thesis includes four papers based on three different prospective cohort studies on injury characteristics in men’s professional football. The same general methodology was used in all papers. Time-loss injuries and player individual exposure was registered for match and training separately. The general aim was to investigate potential internal and external risk factors for injury, with a focus on age, playing position, time in professional football, playing surface (artificial turf and natural grass), changes between surfaces and climate; and to evaluate the study methodology. Paper I was based on data collected between 2001 and 2010 from 26 top professional clubs in Europe; the UCL injury study. In total, 6140 injuries and 797 389 hours of exposure were registered. A decreased general injury rate was observed for newcomers compared with established players (hazard ratio (HR), 0.77; 95% CI 0.61-0.99). Using goalkeepers as a reference, all outfield playing positions had significantly higher age-adjusted injury rates. Using players aged ≤ 21 years as a reference, the overall adjusted injury rate increased with age, with a peak injury rate among players aged 29 to 30  years (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.24-1.68). Paper II and Paper III are based on data collected during two consecutive seasons, 2010 and 2011, in the Swedish and Norwegian male first leagues. In total, 2186 injuries and 367 490 hours of football exposure were recorded. No statistically significant differences were found in acute injury rates on artificial turf (AT) compared with natural grass (NG) during match play (rate ratio, 0.98, 99% CI 0.79-1.22) or training (rate ratio 1.14, 99% CI 0.86-1.50) when analysing at the individual player level. However, when analysing at the club level, clubs with AT installed at their home arena had a significantly higher acute training injury rate (rate ratio 1.31, 99% CI 1.04-1.63) and overuse injury rate (rate ratio 1.38, 99% CI 1.14-1.65) compared to clubs with NG installed at their home venue. No association was found between frequent surface shifts and subsequent overuse injury risk (risk ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.91-1.12). Analyses on the total cohort showed no difference in injury rates between clubs in the two climate zones (total rate ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.92-1.10). Data included in Paper IV were collected during two consecutive seasons 2008 and 2009. During this period, two Norwegian elite football clubs were concurrently included in two research groups’ surveillance systems. The capture rate for match injuries was similar between the two audits, while the capture rate for training injuries was slightly higher with individual-based exposure recording. The inter-rater agreement in injury variable categorisations was in most aspects very high.