Esta dissertação teve como tema a Educação na Saúde, no contexto da criação da Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde (SGTES) no Ministério da Saúde (MS), em 2003, e da formulação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde (PNEPS), ação que fazia parte do mandato constitucional do ordenamento da formação de recursos humanos da área. A estratégia adotada foi o estudo de caso, por se tratar da análise da atuação de indivíduos e de grupos na condução estatal nacional da política pública, na área da saúde, relativa à educação na saúde. Investigou-se, a partir da Teoria dos Campos, o desenvolvimento da política pública, a historicidade da ação dos atores, a articulação dos envolvidos e seus processos de disputa, até o reconhecimento de evidências à emergência de um “campo” na cena da saúde coletiva e da educação nacional. As teorias de análise em políticas públicas informam o delineamento das perguntas centrais desta pesquisa, compondo o enquadramento deste estudo. Verificou-se, na atuação dos atores dirigentes da SGTES, no período da sua criação e da formulação da PNEPS, entre 2003 a 2007, a conformação de um “campo de ação estratégica” específico. Isto é, a criação da SGTES e a formulação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde, no âmbito do Ministério da Saúde, constituíram as condições para a emergência de um campo específico, o da educação na saúde, na gestão política, com repercussão nos setores da saúde e da educação. Observa-se que essa ação do Estado reorganizou a área da educação de profissionais de saúde, em formação ou inseridos nos cenários do trabalho. / This dissertation has as its theme Health Education in the creation context of the Secretariat of Labor Management and Health Education (SGTES) in the Ministry of Health (MOH) in 2003 and the formulation of the National Policy of Permanent Health Education (PNEPS), action that was part of the constitutional mandate of the training planning of human resources on the area. The strategy adopted was the case study, because it is the performance analysis of individuals and groups in national state conduct of public policy on health, regarding health education. It is investigated, from the Fields Theory, the development of public policy, the historicity of the actors actions, the articulation of those involved and their dispute processes, from the recognition of evidences to the emergence of a "field" in the collective health scene and national education. The analysis of theories on public policies inform the design of the central questions on this current research, forming the framework of this study. It was verified, in the performance of the leaders actors of SGTES in the period of its creation and formulation of PNEPS from 2003 to 2007, the formation of a specific "strategic action field". Namely, the creation of SGTES and the National Policy of Permanent Health Education, under the Ministry of Health, constitute the conditions for the emergence of a specific field, the health education in policy management, with repercussions in health and education sectors. It is observed that this state action reorganized the educational area of the health professional, either on training process or inserted in the work scenarios.

Esta dissertação teve como tema a Educação na Saúde, no contexto da criação da Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde (SGTES) no Ministério da Saúde (MS), em 2003, e da formulação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde (PNEPS), ação que fazia parte do mandato constitucional do ordenamento da formação de recursos humanos da área. A estratégia adotada foi o estudo de caso, por se tratar da análise da atuação de indivíduos e de grupos na condução estatal nacional da política pública, na área da saúde, relativa à educação na saúde. Investigou-se, a partir da Teoria dos Campos, o desenvolvimento da política pública, a historicidade da ação dos atores, a articulação dos envolvidos e seus processos de disputa, até o reconhecimento de evidências à emergência de um “campo” na cena da saúde coletiva e da educação nacional. As teorias de análise em políticas públicas informam o delineamento das perguntas centrais desta pesquisa, compondo o enquadramento deste estudo. Verificou-se, na atuação dos atores dirigentes da SGTES, no período da sua criação e da formulação da PNEPS, entre 2003 a 2007, a conformação de um “campo de ação estratégica” específico. Isto é, a criação da SGTES e a formulação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde, no âmbito do Ministério da Saúde, constituíram as condições para a emergência de um campo específico, o da educação na saúde, na gestão política, com repercussão nos setores da saúde e da educação. Observa-se que essa ação do Estado reorganizou a área da educação de profissionais de saúde, em formação ou inseridos nos cenários do trabalho. / This dissertation has as its theme Health Education in the creation context of the Secretariat of Labor Management and Health Education (SGTES) in the Ministry of Health (MOH) in 2003 and the formulation of the National Policy of Permanent Health Education (PNEPS), action that was part of the constitutional mandate of the training planning of human resources on the area. The strategy adopted was the case study, because it is the performance analysis of individuals and groups in national state conduct of public policy on health, regarding health education. It is investigated, from the Fields Theory, the development of public policy, the historicity of the actors actions, the articulation of those involved and their dispute processes, from the recognition of evidences to the emergence of a "field" in the collective health scene and national education. The analysis of theories on public policies inform the design of the central questions on this current research, forming the framework of this study. It was verified, in the performance of the leaders actors of SGTES in the period of its creation and formulation of PNEPS from 2003 to 2007, the formation of a specific "strategic action field". Namely, the creation of SGTES and the National Policy of Permanent Health Education, under the Ministry of Health, constitute the conditions for the emergence of a specific field, the health education in policy management, with repercussions in health and education sectors. It is observed that this state action reorganized the educational area of the health professional, either on training process or inserted in the work scenarios.

This master´s thesis deals with the performance evaluation of the company Slovácké strojírny, a. s. using Balanced Scorecard approach and proposes the implementation of this method in the company. A proposed concept of the Balanced Scorecard is based on the strategic and financial analysis, through which the future performance of the company will be evaluated. The thesis specifies the strategic targets for each perspective of the concept, assigns financial and non-financial measures for individual targets, determines target value, intends strategic actions, identifies risks and evaluates the benefits of the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard concept into the company.

Au cours des dernières décennies, nous avons été témoins de la croissance des controverses relatives à l’incinération des déchets solides municipaux dans de nombreuses villes du monde. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour les grandes et moyennes villes en Chine. Diverses catégories d’acteurs, y compris l’État, les autorités locales, les acteurs du marché économique et de la société civile, tentent d’exercer leur influence sur la construction, l’extension et/ou l’opération des incinérateurs. Même si les controverses relatives à l’incinération des déchets solides municipaux abordées par le passé dans plusieurs disciplines, nous ne sommes pas en présence d’une véritable compréhension collective suffisante de la stabilité et du changement à l’échelle méso. La thèse traite de la question suivante: dans les débats et les affrontements autour de l’incinération, comment et jusqu’à quel point les interactions et les compétitions entre contestataires et adversaires contribuent-elles à définir un champ d’action stratégique où la structure industrielle et les politiques de gestion des déchets dominées par l’incinération sont remises en question ou reconduites ? Pour répondre à cette question, cette étude considère l’incinération des déchets solides municipaux en Chine sous l’angle d’un champ d’action stratégique. Elle essaie de clarifier ce qui se passe dans ce champ sous trois aspects: les acteurs, les actions stratégiques et les retombées politiques. Faisant appel à une démarche de recherche qualitative, un grand volume de données primaires et secondaires a été amassé, y compris 42 entretiens semi-structurés, 557 posts en ligne, des rapports de recherche, des documents d’archives, des rapports d’évaluation de l’impact sur l’environnement, des nouvelles en ligne, des données statistiques et des documents de politique. À l’aide de ces données, cette étude approfondi la compréhension des relations entre, d’un côté les acteurs s’opposant aux activités découlant de l’incinération – les contestataires – et, de l’autre, les adversaires dans le champ d’action stratégique, mettant en lumière leurs arguments respectifs. En outre, le processus par lequel les militants utilisent les réseaux sociaux pour la mobilisation du consensus a reçu une attention supplémentaire. De plus, cette étude a analysé l’évolution des interactions entre les militants et les décideurs politiques et a contextualisé la transformation du champ au cours des dernières décennies. Les résultats ont montré que les controverses autour de l’incinération des déchets solides municipaux sont allées au-delà des préoccupations pour les intérêts personnels et le bien-être environnemental. Cela permet d’introduire des explications plus nuancées comparativement aux discours conventionnels concernant les protestations contre l’incinération, fournissant une compréhension systématique de l’activisme local. Cette analyse exploratoire a permis également de mieux comprendre la signification politique et sociale des controverses publiques à travers des pratiques locales de gestion des déchets. Dans un sens plus large, la thèse permet de revoir les notions usuelles à l’égard des relations entre conflits et ordre. / The past few decades have witnessed the growth of controversies regarding municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration in many cities around the world. This is especially true when it comes to large and medium-sized cities in China. Various categories of actors—including the state, local authorities, market actors, and the civil society—seek to exert their influence on the construction, expansion, and/or operation of incinerators. Even though the controversies over MSW incineration have been discussed across a range of disciplines in previous literature, we are not in the presence of a sufficient collective understanding of stability and change of the meso-level social order. This dissertation addresses the following question: How and to what extent do interactions and competition between pro-incineration and anti-incineration groups contributes to defining a strategic action field (SAF) where the incineration-dominated industrial structure and waste disposal policies are challenged or maintained? To answer the question, this study considers MSW incineration in China an SAF and attempts to clarify what is happening in this SAF from three aspects: actors, strategic action, and policy impacts. Based on a qualitative research design, a great volume of primary and secondary data were collected, including 42 semi-structured interviews, 557 online posts, research reports, archival materials, environmental impact assessment reports, online news, statistical data, and policy documents. With the help of collected data, this study deepened the understanding of the relationship between proponents and opponents in the field of incineration and shed light on their respective arguments. In addition, the process through which activists used social media for consensus mobilization was given additional attention. Moreover, by analyzing the dynamics of the interplay between activists and policy makers, this study revealed and contextualized the evolution of the SAF over the past few decades. The findings showed that controversies around MSW incineration had gone beyond the concerns for personal interests and environmental well-being. This allows to introduce more refined explanations compared to conventional discourses regarding anti-incineration protests and provide a more nuanced understanding of local activism. This exploratory analysis also helped to better understand the political and social significance of public controversies through local practices of MSW management. In a broad sense, this dissertation makes it possible to review the usual conceptions with regard to the relations between conflict and order.

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German text / Ausgehend von dem konkreten mehrdimensionalen missionalen Kirchenprojekt REFOmoabit ist es Ziel dieser Masterarbeit, eine Antwort auf die Frage zu geben, wie eine fruchtbare Integration von (1) gemeinschaftlichem Leben, (2) gesellschaftsrelevantem Gemeindebau und (3) Immobilienmanagement gelingen kann. Die aktuelle ekklesiologische Praxis und Erfahrung zeigt jedoch, dass es zu Spannungen zwischen dem Prinzip des gaben- und konsensbasierten Miteinanders, einerseits und der Entwicklung eines gesellschaftsrelevanten Gemeindebaus und einem die ersten beiden Bereiche unterstützenden Immobilienmanagements andererseits kommt. Infolgedessen soll im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Frage nach der genauen Art und Ausprägung dieser Spannungen, ihren Ursachen und möglichen Lösungen, die eine wirklich fruchtbare Integration dieser drei Bereiche ermöglichen, untersucht und beantwortet werden. Dies erfolgt mit einem interdisziplinären Dreischritt, indem (a) soziologisch Art, Ausprägung und Ursache der vorfindlichen Spannungen analysiert werden, diese (b) theologisch reflektiert werden und abschließend (c) praktisch-theologische Handlungsmöglichkeiten als ekklesiologische Hilfestellungen für eine fruchtbare Integration entwickelt werden. / Based on the multidimensional church planting project REFOmoabit this dissertation aims to answer the question how a fruitful integration of (1) communal life, (2) societal relevant congregational development and (3) property estate management is possible. Current ecclesiological practice and experience has shown that tensions arise between the principle of gift- and consensus-based cooperation and transformative church planting as well as the real estate management that is supposed to support the other two areas. Therefore this dissertation aims to examine and answer questions about the exact nature and extent of these tensions, their causes and possible solutions that make a truly fruitful integration of these three areas possible. This takes place within an interdisciplinary approach by (a) analyzing the nature, extent and reason of the tensions sociologically, (b) examining them from a theological viewpoint and (c) offering practical theological courses of action as an ecclesiological aid for a fruitful integration. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)

理性概念所具備的統一性特徵在傳統的形上學背景之下表現為一種普遍的統一學說，然而這樣的論點在當代受到很大的挑戰，當代思想中很多都表現為一種多元主義的立場，對於理性統一性的論點多有批判。於是乎一場一與多之間的哲學辯論就此展開。哈伯馬斯對於理性統一性有其獨特的見解，重新考慮在多元之中理性統一性的可能性。基本上哈伯馬斯採取跳脫形上學立場，不在一與多兩者間的對立為任何一方進行辯護，而是提出一種新的見解，由後形上學的立場來談在多元中理性統一性的可能性。 哈伯馬斯認為現今存在著兩類針鋒相對的觀點，一種是有鑑於當代形上學統一性的喪失而努力回歸前康德時代的形上學，另一種則是以被壓制的多元性向統一性思想提出抗議。為了要釐清其中有關一與多之間的對立與關聯，哈伯馬斯對於傳統以來一與多之間的論點提出了個人的見解，同時也對當代反對統一性的相關論點做討論，進而提出自己的看法以求一條新的解決之道，試著調和一與多之間的對立性。本論文將透過對後形上學思想趨勢的討論，說明哈伯馬斯重建理性概念的進路及其對不同立場的學者所抱持的態度。

German text / Ausgehend von dem konkreten mehrdimensionalen missionalen Kirchenprojekt REFOmoabit ist es Ziel dieser Masterarbeit, eine Antwort auf die Frage zu geben, wie eine fruchtbare Integration von (1) gemeinschaftlichem Leben, (2) gesellschaftsrelevantem Gemeindebau und (3) Immobilienmanagement gelingen kann. Die aktuelle ekklesiologische Praxis und Erfahrung zeigt jedoch, dass es zu Spannungen zwischen dem Prinzip des gaben- und konsensbasierten Miteinanders, einerseits und der Entwicklung eines gesellschaftsrelevanten Gemeindebaus und einem die ersten beiden Bereiche unterstützenden Immobilienmanagements andererseits kommt. Infolgedessen soll im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Frage nach der genauen Art und Ausprägung dieser Spannungen, ihren Ursachen und möglichen Lösungen, die eine wirklich fruchtbare Integration dieser drei Bereiche ermöglichen, untersucht und beantwortet werden. Dies erfolgt mit einem interdisziplinären Dreischritt, indem (a) soziologisch Art, Ausprägung und Ursache der vorfindlichen Spannungen analysiert werden, diese (b) theologisch reflektiert werden und abschließend (c) praktisch-theologische Handlungsmöglichkeiten als ekklesiologische Hilfestellungen für eine fruchtbare Integration entwickelt werden. / Based on the multidimensional church planting project REFOmoabit this dissertation aims to answer the question how a fruitful integration of (1) communal life, (2) societal relevant congregational development and (3) property estate management is possible. Current ecclesiological practice and experience has shown that tensions arise between the principle of gift- and consensus-based cooperation and transformative church planting as well as the real estate management that is supposed to support the other two areas. Therefore this dissertation aims to examine and answer questions about the exact nature and extent of these tensions, their causes and possible solutions that make a truly fruitful integration of these three areas possible. This takes place within an interdisciplinary approach by (a) analyzing the nature, extent and reason of the tensions sociologically, (b) examining them from a theological viewpoint and (c) offering practical theological courses of action as an ecclesiological aid for a fruitful integration. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)