Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present dissertation refers to a theoretical and empirical study, of qualitative nature, which addresses the health of women with street living experiences. Elaborated under the academic article format, it aims, in each one of them, respectively: to discuss and to problematize the usage of the term street situation used to refer to a variety of people who inhabit the streets, institutions or irregular dwellings; to reflect on the researcher-researched universe relation on an ethnographic study with difficult access populations; and to discuss around the transversalities of this group of women‟s health care. The theoretical data were collected through a detailed research on the webpage of the Ministry of Social Development and Hunger Combat (MSD), whence three public documents that compose the attention policy to people in street situation were chosen to compose the analysis: PNAS/2004; Decree nº 7.053/2009; National Typification for the Social Assistance Services. The empirical data were produced through ethnographic method, using participant observation and field journal record. The data interpretation is conducted based on Critical Social Psychology, supported by the Social Representations Theory, Gender Studies and interdisciplinary studies about the street living experience and health. The results, presented in three academic articles titled: ‟To look through seeing eyes‟: Reflections about the street situation‟ term , Difficult access population and the psychologist researcher implication: an ethnographic study with women who live on the streets , and Health care of women living on the streets and health integrality . We conclude that a thorough care to people in street situation demands a view that encompasses its various problems, needs and desires, which includes rethinking the commonly used nomenclatures. Furthermore, in methodological terms, we emphasize that the ethnographic method meets Critic Social Psychology, demanding a sensitive view implicated in the research process. Finally, we highlight that women with street living experience represent a very diverse population in its characteristics and complex in its needs, requiring a care that takes into account its transversalities, especially those which refer to interactions and relations established within its boundaries. / A presente dissertação refere-se a um estudo teórico e empírico, de cunho qualitativo, cujo tema é a saúde de mulheres em vivência de rua. Elaborada em formato de artigos acadêmicos, busca, em cada um deles, respectivamente: discutir e problematizar o uso do termo situação de rua utilizado para se referir a uma diversidade de pessoas que habita as ruas, instituições ou habitações irregulares; refletir sobre a relação pesquisador-universo pesquisado em estudo etnográfico com populações de difícil acesso; e discutir em torno de transversalidades no cuidado em saúde das mulheres em vivência de rua. Os dados teóricos foram coletados através de uma busca detalhada na página-web do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS), de onde selecionamos três documentos públicos que compõem a política de atenção às pessoas em situação de rua para compor a análise: PNAS/2004; Decreto nº 7.053/2009; Tipificação Nacional dos Serviços Socioassistenciais. Já os dados empíricos foram produzidos através do método etnográfico, utilizando-se de observação participante e de registro em diário de campo. A interpretação das informações é conduzida com base na Psicologia Social Crítica, apoiando-se na Teoria das Representações Sociais, Estudos de Gênero e estudos interdisciplinares sobre vivência de rua e saúde. Os resultados, apresentados em três artigos acadêmicos intitulados: ‟Olhar com olhos de ver‟: Reflexões acerca do termo situação de rua‟ ; População de difícil acesso e a implicação do psicólogo pesquisador: um estudo etnográfico com mulheres em vivência de rua ; e Saúde de mulheres em vivência de rua: notas de um diário de campo . Concluímos que uma cuidadosa atenção às pessoas em vivência de rua demanda um olhar que abarque suas variadas problemáticas, necessidades e desejos, o que inclui repensar as nomenclaturas utilizadas. Além disso, em termos metodológicos, salientamos que o método etnográfico vai ao encontro da Psicologia Social Crítica, demandando um olhar sensível e implicado no processo de pesquisa. Por fim, ressaltamos que as mulheres em vivência de rua representam uma população bastante diversa em suas características e complexa em suas necessidades, exigindo cuidados que levem em conta uma variedade de transversalidades, especialmente aquelas que se referem às interações e relações estabelecidas nos meios onde vivem.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-16T18:19:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 christianemontalvao.pdf: 13051917 bytes, checksum: 11a48c3ae3cfcba84f9f681e6ee14d7a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-17T11:07:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 christianemontalvao.pdf: 13051917 bytes, checksum: 11a48c3ae3cfcba84f9f681e6ee14d7a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T11:07:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 christianemontalvao.pdf: 13051917 bytes, checksum: 11a48c3ae3cfcba84f9f681e6ee14d7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-05 / O objeto desta dissertação é a distribuição demográfica do maior espaço urbano da capitania de Minas Gerais nos primeiros anos do século XIX – a capital da capitania de Minas Gerais, Vila Rica. As fontes sobre as quais se alicerçam esta pesquisa são principalmente o recenseamento da capitania de Minas Gerais de 1804 e o livro de tombos elaborado a partir de 1809. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de um projeto que envolve o uso de ferramentas ligado aos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), com o objetivo de contribuir para uma biografia do espaço. / The object of this work is the demographics of the largest urban space in the captaincy of Minas Gerais in the early years of the nineteenth century - the capital of the captaincy of Minas Gerais, Villa Rica. The sources upon which underpin this research are mainly the census of the captaincy of Minas Gerais 1804 and tumbles book drawn from 1809. As regards the methodology, it is a project that involves the use of tools linked to Systems Geographic Information System (GIS), in order to contribute to a biography of space.

En matière d'aménagement urbain, les rues piétonnes ont longtemps incarné une vision passéiste et nostalgique. Largement absent des travaux sur l'évolution de la ville occidentale du second XXe siècle, ce phénomène, sans histoire et sans acteurs, n'aurait rien à apprendre des enjeux de l'aménagement des centres-villes à cette époque, sinon d'une patrimonialisation jugée évidente. Or, si on définit la piétonnisation comme une opération consistant, dans un centre urbain, à fermer un secteur à la circulation et à en réaménager entièrement les espaces publics pour le confort et loisir des seuls piétons (notamment en faisant disparaître la distinction chaussée/trottoirs), alors il n'existe aucune rue piétonne en Europe avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. De tels aménagements n'apparaissent que vers 1960, aux États-Unis et en République fédérale d'Allemagne. Il est dès lors possible d'avancer l'hypothèse selon laquelle la piétonnisation correspondrait à une approche historiquement datée de l'aménagement urbain (1960-1970), au même titre que les grands ensembles ou les villes nouvelles, et n'aurait pas un lien évident avec la patrimonialisation.Partant de ce constat, une double ambition a fondé ce travail. La première est de combler une lacune historiographique. Alors que les secteurs piétonniers sont devenus l'une des réalités les mieux partagées de la ville européenne du second XXe siècle, leur étude constitue un angle mort de la recherche, ne permettant pas d'établir les connexions mais aussi les ruptures avec le regain d'intérêt actuel pour les espaces dédiés aux piétons dans la ville. La seconde est de nature épistémologique et cherche à contribuer au renouvellement de l'approche des processus complexes qui ont accompagné la mutation des centres anciens après 1945. Il s'agit de sortir d'une pratique historienne où l'intervention de l’État constituerait le paradigme explicatif du changement urbain et d'explorer la capacité d'initiative des acteurs locaux de l'aménagement des villes, le rôle des mobilisations sociales et l'influence des échanges transnationaux dans le changement urbain. Il s'agit aussi de déconstruire une grille de lecture qui réserverait aux marges urbaines l'innovation et aux centres le conservatisme et la patrimonialisation. Dans le contexte contraint des centres anciens, aménager la ville ne peut se suffire de solutions évidentes. / Pedestrian streets have been regarded as anachronistic urban planning for a long time. Largely absent from french academic works on the evolution of western cities till the Second World War, pedestianisation has no history and is an anonymous phenomenon. It seems that nothing has to be learned from this layout, except it confirms city centers patrimonialization. But, considering pedestrianisation means closing an urban area to automobile traffic and redesigning entirely public spaces for pedestrian only (with uniform pavement), no pedestrian street is to be found in Europe before the second half of the twentieth century. This kind of layout appeared around 1960 in the United States and in Federal Republic of Germany. Our hypothesis is that pedestrianisation does belong to the 1960s-1970s urban planning and has no obvious connection with patrimonialisation.Based on this observation, this dissertation has two aims. The first one is to fill a gap in french historiography. While pedestrian areas are common in European towns, the subject remains a blind spot that prevent analysis of continuity and change with the interest for pedestrian places in present urban planning. The second deals with epistemological issues. It aims to renew the approach of city centers evolution after 1945, breaking with the paradigm of State policies as the sole driving force of urban planning and exploring, in this field, the role of local initiatives, social mobilisations and transnational exchanges. It also aims to deconstruct a mental framework in which innovation belongs to new urbanised areas, whereas city centers are to be dedicated to patrimonalization and heritage conservation. Dealing with the old urban fabric, urban planning has no obvious solution.

What attributes can make a street become more sociable and create a vibrant streetscape where people feel comfortable spending time? The purpose of this study is to find these attributes and apply this knowledge in a case study on Drottninggatan and Strøget to identify their strengths and weaknesses as well as providing recommendations on how the streets can become more sociable public spaces. To achieve this a diverse selection of methods will be used. A literature review with emphasis on theories by Mehta (2013), Jacobs (1995) and Whyte (1980) will form the foundation for the study. Furthermore a combination of conventional methods such as observations and counting/tracking and more experience-based methods as City Walks and storytelling will form the core of the case study. During the case study a number of important urban elements arose with the key features being the use of open spaces, urban furniture and their positioning, the use of green structure and the presence of events on the street. The architectural ensemble is to be considered important for the framing of the public realm to a certain degree since it has a strong effect on how a space is perceived and the fact that if inappropriately used it can give rise to negative experiences of the street. Strøget and Drottninggatan show examples of both good and bad practice and both have aspects to improve to support a more sociable public space, even though Strøget have to be considered as being a few steps ahead. / Vilka attribut kan få en gata att bli mer socialt tilltalande och skapa ett levande gaturum där människor trivs att vara? Syftet med denna studie är att finna dessa attribut och tillämpa detta i en fallstudie om Drottninggatan och Strøget för att identifiera deras styrkor och svagheter samt ge rekommendationer på hur dessa gator kan bli mer välkomnande och socialt tilltalande. Olika typer av metoder kommer att genomföras under denna studie. En litteraturstudie med tyngdpunkt på teorier av Mehta (2013), Jacobs (1995) och Whyte (1980) kommer att utgöra grunden för denna studie. Utöver detta kommer också en kombination av konventionella metoder som observationer och räkning/spårning och mer upplevelsebaserade metoder som City Walks och historieberättande att vara kärnan fallstudien. Under fallstudien uppkom ett antal viktiga attribut, men de viktigaste var användandet av öppna ytor, gatumöbler och hur dessa är placerade, användandet av grönstruktur och närvaron av olika event i gaturummet. Arkitekturens utformning är en till en viss grad en viktig aspekt när det gäller inramningen av det offentliga rummet eftersom den har en stark påverkan på hur gaturummet upplevs och det faktum att olämpligt användande kan resultera i negativ påverkan. Strøget och Drottninggatan visar båda prov på både bra och dåliga exempel, och båda har aspekter som behöver förbättras för att kunna främja ett mer socialt tilltalande gaturum, även om Strøget måste ses som att ha kommit längre i processen.

<p> Existing in our society today are a number of people that live in the streets and use emergency shelter services for the basic needs of survival. This research report attempts to define the scale and nature of homelessness using Hamilton as a case study. It is a descriptive analysis that provides a synopsis of homelessness in Hamilton and provides recommendations based on individuals that directly work with the homeless. This research invovles a first hand perspective experience with working with the homeless. Therefore, it incorporates the human element involved in homelessness. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

Bilen är fortfarande ett samhällsproblem som allt fler städer vill komma bort ifrån och istället värna om den mänskliga dimensionen. Gaturummen anses därför vara den plats i staden som ska leda förändringen, ritbordet och kartan är numera negligerade. Denna studie undersöker med hjälp av sex kvalitativa intervjuer Härnösands kommuns arbete med att reducera biltrafiken i gaturummet för att skapa ett gaturum för människor och minskad biltrafik. Resultatet visar att Street Moves är svaret på planeringens svårigheter i de centrala delarna av Härnösands bildominans, gestaltning och acceptans från medborgarna för att få legitimitet i att driva förändring i gaturummet. Slutsatsen är att arbetssättet med Street Moves är gynnsamt och eftersträvansvärt samtidigt som medborgarna som ett verktyg förblir kontradiktoriskt / The car has long been and is still a societal problem that more cities want to get away from and protect the human dimension instead. The street spaces are considered as places in the city that will lead to change to a more sustainable development, the drawing board and map are now neglected. This study examines Härnösand municipality's work to reduce car traffic in the street space to create spaces for people while reducing car traffic. Six qualitative interviews have been conducted. The result shows that Street Moves, a project that is the answer to the difficulties of planning in the city of Härnösand's to reduce car dependency, and to work with conformation and acceptance from citizens, to gain legitimacy in driving change in the street space. The conclusion is that the approach with Street Moves is beneficial and desirable, while citizens as a tool remain adversarial.

This project proposes a new urban aquifer strategy that utilizes stormwater to create a cascading plaza and an improved 'great street' in Washington DC. A system of urban aquifers is developed beneath the surface of the street, perched atop the compacted, impermeable soils below. This set of aquifers prevents stormwater from entering the existing combined sewer and allows trees to draw water from this new groundwater source and develop expansive root systems. On the surface, stormwater flows through interconnected planters where it irrigates and is filtered by vegetation before infiltrating to recharge the aquifer. At Cascade Plaza, sloping topography intersects the aquifer, and the new groundwater seeps out of the plaza steps, turning them into a miniature cascade, by gravity and water pressure alone. It collects in a web of runnels, pools at the lowest point, and overflows in high water, mysteriously disappearing below ground again to fill an underground reservoir. In this unique ecological system, water flows both above and below ground to mitigate excess stormwater and make the street and plaza more beautiful. / Master of Landscape Architecture

This study aims to identify and describe discourses about the city and how they appear from different stakeholder’s views regarding the transformation of Storgatan to a pedestrian street during the summer in Linköping city. This creates a deeper insight into how work towards sustainability become visible in the planning of the inner city. The study uses a discourse analysis of interviews and texts to study which identified discourses about the city become apparent. Conflicts that appear regarding the transformation of Storgatan is also analyzed. Results show that while different stakeholders follow similar discourses about the city regarding their ideal, they are also expressed in different ways and can relate to different meaning. The conclusion is that the different stakeholders largely agree that the implementation of a pedestrian street on Storgatan is something positive, and that a good foundation for an eventual future permanent implementation of the pedestrian street is shown. / Studien syftar till att identifiera och beskriva vilka diskurser om staden som blir framträdande hos olika aktörer i samband med Storgatans omvandling till sommargågata och därigenom få en fördjupad förståelse för hur arbetet mot hållbarhet tas i uttryck i innerstadsplaneringen. Det görs via en diskursanalys av intervjuer och texter, där tidigare identifierade diskurser om staden används. Samtidigt undersöks även vilka konflikter som finns kring Storgatans omvandling. Resultaten visar att de olika aktörerna har liknande diskurser kring deras vision av stadens utformning, dock tar de sig i uttryck på olika sätt. Konflikter och utmaningar som uppstår kopplat till detta gäller främst trafiken i området där den största utmaningen är kollektivtrafikens omflyttning. Slutsatsen är att de olika aktörerna som varit delaktiga i studien generellt sett ställer sig positiva till gågatans implementering och det också finns en god grund för en eventuell framtida permanent implementering av den.

The practicum examines the impact of the physical layout of cities on the way we perceive them. In particular it examines the influence of natural, social, and built elements in perception of the downtown core of Winnipeg. It goes on to propose an urban design strategy for the downtown core, supported by supplementary urban design guidelines. / October 2016

Au cœur d’une région urbaine de plus de dix millions d’habitants, Hô Chi Minh Ville s’affirme aujourd’hui comme moteur économique du Viet Nam. Les autorités de la ville-province entendent témoigner de ce statut métropolitain par une reprise en main de la planification, après des décennies de développement urbain spontané. La démarche de cette recherche doctorale en géographie urbaine consiste alors à décrypter les mutations contemporaines des dispositifs spatiaux hérités que sont les ruelles (hem) de Hô Chi Minh Ville, à la fois dans leur dimension de composantes de la trame viaire et d’espaces publics. La trajectoire historique contrariée de la ville permet d’éclairer la spécificité de sa morphologie, marquée par une très faible emprise de la trame viaire, dont la hiérarchie demeure incomplète. Près de 85% des rues sont inférieures à douze mètres de large. Les ruelles forment ainsi le cœur de l’armature urbaine, tout autant que le cadre de vie de la grande majorité de la population. A l’interface entre le public et le privé, entre le collectif et l’individuel, la ruelle, envisagée comme forme urbaine dynamique, permet de penser les mécanismes de recomposition urbaine et l’évolution des pratiques citadines qui s’y déploient. En cela, cette recherche souhaite appréhender la réception par les citadins des normes de la « modernité urbaine », telles qu’elles sont aujourd’hui redéfinies par les autorités de la ville-province et qu’elles affectent la conception et le fonctionnement des espaces publics au quotidien. / At the heart of an urban region of more than ten millions inhabitants, Hô Chi Minh City is considered today as the economic engine of Viêt Nam. The authorities of the city-province are seeking to assert its new metropolitan status by regaining control of urban planning after decades of spontaneous development. This thesis proposes to decipher the contemporary mutations of the inherited spatial frame of the Hô Chi Minh City alleyways, taken both as an element of the street network and as ordinary public spaces. The turbulent history of the city contributes to explaining the specificity of its morphology, with very few spaces dedicated to the street network, whose hierarchy remains incomplete. Nearly 85% of the streets are less than twelve meters wide. Thus, the alleyways constitute both the heart of the urban framework and the living environment of the large majority of the population. Poised between public and private spheres, between collective and individual dynamics, the alleyway is an urban form in constant flux. This understanding of streets as an interface makes it possible to rethink the mechanisms of the urban fabric and the evolution of urban practices in the metropolisation of Hô Chi Minh City. In doing so, this research seeks to grasp the way in which urban dwellers are adapting to the norms of “urban modernity” as redefined by the authorities of the city-province today, as well as the way these norms affect the daily functioning of ordinary public places.