Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur lärare beskriver att de använder digitala verktyg i svenskundervisningen samt hur lärarna upplever att elevernas motivation till lärande påverkas vid arbete med digitala verktyg i undervisningen. Studien har utgångspunkt i en kvalitativ fenomenologisk forskningsansats. Insamling av data har skett genom en enkätundersökning på Internet vilken besvarats av verksamma lärare i grundskolans årskurs 4-6 som undervisar i ämnet svenska och använder sig av digitala verktyg i undervisningen varje dag. Resultatet visar en tydlig bild av att digitala verktyg används på flertalet olika sätt i svenskundervisningen. Främst används digitala verktyg i undervisningen till arbete med olika texter men också till att exempelvis blogga, visa filmer och ge feedback på elevarbeten. Resultatet visar även att lärarna upplever att användningen av digitala verktyg påverkar elevernas motivation till lärande mestadels positivt. En respondent beskriver exempelvis att datorn bidrar till att textbearbetning blir enklare vilket gör att eleverna blir mer motiverade till att göra om och ändra. Det enda fall då elevers motivation till lärande har upplevts som negativ kan kopplas till att digitala verktyg använts som särskilt stöd i undervisningen och respondenten beskriver att elevernas känsla av att vara utpekade är främsta anledningen. / The purpose of the study is to examine how teachers describe their use of digital tools in teaching the subject of Swedish and how the teachers’ perceive that pupils' motivation for learning is affected when working with digital tools in the classroom. The study is based on a qualitative phenomenological research approach.  The collection of data has been done through a questionnaire on the Internet, which was answered by teachers that work in elementary school grades 4-6, teaching the subject of Swedish, and using digital tools in their every day teaching. The result clearly shows that digital tools are used in several different ways in the subject of Swedish.  Mostly, digital tools are used when working with different types of texts, but also for example to blog, show films and to give feedback on pupils’ work. The result also shows that digital tools have a manly positive impact on the pupils’ motivation. For example, one respondent describes that the computer contribute to easier text editing, which makes the pupils more motivated to redo and change in their work. The one case, when pupils’ motivation for learning has been perceived as negative can be linked to the use of digital tools as special support in teaching and the respondent describes that the pupils' sense of being singled out is the main reason.

This study examines students’ thoughts on the purpose of reading fiction in the Swedish upper-secondary school within the subject Swedish. This is then compared to the curriculum for the part of the subject concerning literature. Interviews were conducted with groups of students at one Swedish school with students enrolled at various theoretical programs. The study found that the students mostly focused on abilities not specifically tied to fiction, but rather general abilities concerning reading and language such as vocabulary and speed of reading in the general sense. The students were also found to have some idea of the existence of a literary canon, even though such a canon does not exist within the curriculum. / Den här uppsatsen undersöker elevers uppfattningar om syftet med att läsa skönlitteratur i ämnet Svenska på gymnasieskolan. Detta jämförs sedan med läroplanen GY11:s motivering till litteraturundervisningen inom Svenskämnet. Gruppintervjuer utfördes med elever från en skola i Sverige som läste olika studieförberedande gymnasieprogram. Studien fann att eleverna mest verkade lägga fokus på färdigheter som inte är direkt kopplade till läsning av skönlitteratur utan mer kring färdigheter som är rent generella kring läsning och språket så som ordförråd och läshastighet i största allmänhet. Eleverna verkade ha någon form av uppfattning om existensen av en litteraturkanon, även om en sådan inte existerar i läroplanen.

Denna studie innefattar en enkätundersökning på en gymnasieskola i Västra Götaland kring elevers attityder till bruket av ljudböcker, vilket kopplas samman med motivation för läsning av skönlitteratur. Enkätundersökningen genomfördes i skolan, tillsammans med närvarande lärare och var anonym. Samtliga respondenter blev således informerade om anonymiteten. Studien lyfter vad en ljudbok är, vad motivation som begrepp innebär i sammanhanget, samt hur de tillfrågade elevernas attityder till ljudbokens plats i skolan är. I samband med detta lyfts även högläsningens tradition i skolan då lyssnandet till uppläst text är en tradition i den svenska skolan som sträcker sig långt tillbaka. Resultatet av enkäten uppvisar en generellt positiv inställning till bruket av ljudböcker, oavsett relativt låga erfarenheter av det sedan tidigare. Då majoriteten av respondenter indikerar att de vill öka intaget av ljudböcker i skolan, tillsammans med fysiska böcker indikerar det en möjlighet till införande av ljudböcker som metod för att nå motivation för läsning av skönlitteratur skolan. / This study reveals attitudes among pupils in upper secondary school about the usage of audiobooks and its connection with motivation about reading fiction. The data material is gathered through poll surveys that takes place in an upper secondary school in the Västra Götaland county. The poll survey participants were informed about that the survey was anonymous and were accompanied by a teacher while doing it. In the study the concept of motivation, and audiobooks are discussed. Further more the study discusses the Swedish tradition of listening to fiction read aloud. This has to do with the usage of audiobooks as it’s an extension of that, since it has to do with a recorded reading of a book. The result reveals patterns pointing out positive attitudes among the pupils. This is due to the majority of answers that points to a desire of increased usage of audiobooks in school. The connection of audio books and motivation is therefore revealed in the results as the majority of pupils answer that they wish for an increased usage of audiobooks together with physical books. This could be interpreted as that the usage of audiobooks could work as an incentive for pupils to read fiction.

The aim of this study is to describe, analyseand understand which lesson plans teachers share with each other on the website www.lektion.seabout studentswriting. The website is open for all teachers andeveryonecan share their lessons with each other’s. The study is based on 31 lesson suggestions whichare intended for teacherswho teach inschool years1-9. The sampleofmy study is based on lesson plans with a pronounced idea of writing as a processThe thesis beginswith a review of the Literacy concepts, the writingdiscourse and the subject of Swedish.The analyses of the lesson plans indicate that the subject of Swedish mainly focuses on skills as correctly written text and good handwriting. Even if the instructions of the lesson plans clearly state that the actual content is important, the formalities and the correctness seem to be the real focus. Even if it says in the instructions that it is the content that matters, is it the correctness of the formalities that is pronounced in the instructions. Teachers says that they work with writing as a process but theydo it in a mechanical wayand the dialogue between the studentislimited to respons-giving instead of interaction in order todevelop the content ofthe texts. Most of the texts that thestudentsin both primary and secondary school are asked to write in my study arenarrative texts with descriptive elements.Mystudy indicates six findingsThe first tendency issubject of Swedish has an emphasis on writing as a skill. The second tendency is that writing isregardedasindependent work. The third tendency is about the types of texts thataremost common. The fourth tendency is that the writing process is looked upon as a method that follows strict rules. The fifth tendency shows that writing as a process is not so common among all the lesson plans which are published on the website. Thesixthtendency describes theuse of pencil and paper as the most common writing toolsin the lesson plans.

The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge of professional teachers’ experiences of learning with the help of body movement in the subject of Swedish. Qualitative interviews have been used as an instrument for research. The results derive from the answers of five respondents who are all professional teachers of children between the grades f-6 (ages 6 to12). The answers contribute to providing an understanding of teachers’ views on the link between body movements and learning in the subject of Swedish. The essay shows that the teachers have experiences of body movements in the subject of Swedish and what type of exercises they prefer in the subject of Swedish. The results also show that teachers prefer exercises that build on modeling and that movements are thought of as a means of increased concentration and motivation rather than as part of a didactic strategy.

This thesis investigates the concept of honour and why this is a relevant concept in the teaching of literature in the school subject of Swedish. In order to investigate this I have analyzed two Young Adult books; Heder (2002) and Fallen flicka (2009) by the author Christina Wahldén. These books show how young women of today are systematically subordinated and how their lives are controlled by male relatives. This culturally specific oppression of young women is constituted by ancient concepts of honour, which in turn are interlinked with women’s sexuality and the male control of it. The oppression has its roots in patriarchal and traditional thinking which is specifically characteristic for an honour culture. Both the male as well as the female characters are modeled by the author in order to make a didactic point. She wants to put the oppressive males on display in order to make us (the readers) aware of the horrific situation that many young women of today suffer from. In order to problematize this I apply postcolonial theory. This theoretical approach allows me to question the way in which the characters are constructed in the books. The standpoint which Christina Wahldén takes in writing her books is disputed, and in this thesis I discuss different viewpoints on this matter. On the one hand there are those intellectuals who agree with the above stated. On the other hand there are others who disagree and instead of a clear-cut cultural pattern, view the concept of honour and how it is used in societal debate with great suspicion. For them the finger pointing only cements prejudices and construct clear-cut difference-markers between Us: the good and modern, and Them: the evil and barbaric. Postcolonial theory lends its support to this latter way of thinking. In this thesis I therefore discuss postcolonial theory at lengths. In this discussion I rely on three theorists’ viewpoints in particular: Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak and Homi Bhabha. My own understanding of postcolonial theory is founded on the central thoughts which these theorists advocate. Besides lending its theoretical viewpoints to my readings of Christina Wahldén’s books, Postcolonial theory also influences my didactic discussions. In these discussions I try to explore why, and in what way, Postcolonial theory is applicable to the school subject of Swedish. My own view is that it can be used as a pedagogic tool to enable critical readings. I find this theoretical approach valuable in order for the school subject of Swedish to become a democratic one which engages the students to practice critical thinking and together read, write and discuss texts dealing with the conflicts that surrounds them in today’s multicultural society. In this thesis I argue strongly for this kind of awareness, an awareness which results in an understanding for the purpose of teaching Literature as a way of dealing with topics of significance for the students as members of a democratic society.

När lärares undervisning blir påverkad av ett nationellt prov talar man om washbackeffekter av provet. Det är vad den här licentiatuppsatsen handlar om. Genom att studera svensklärares uppfattningar om det nationella läsförståelseprovet i kursen Svenska 1 på gymnasiet belyser studien vad som kan hända när nationell policy bestående av ett nationellt prov möter den lokala kontexten i form av enskilda lärares undervisning. I studien har arton gymnasielärare i svenska fått komma till tals genom intervjuer. Resultaten visar att det nationella läsförståelseprovet i Svenska 1 inte i någon nämnvärd utsträckning påverkar lärarnas undervisning. Detta beror dels på att lärarna uppfattar att undervisningen redan behandlar det som provet testar, dels på att lärarna inte anser att resultatet på provet är användbart vid betygsättningen. Lärarna uppfattar också att deras tolkningar av vad läsförståelse är skiljer sig från provkonstruktörens. Delvis kan detta bero på att lärarna saknar ett metaspråk för att tala om läsförståelse och bedömning av elevers läskompetens. Maria Larsson är verksam gymnasielärare i svenska och engelska vid Lugnetgymnasiet i Falun och har bedrivit forskarstudier på halvtid med start höstterminen 2013. Hon har ingått i forskarskolan Skolnära som är ett samarbete mellan Högskolan Dalarna och Karlstads universitet. / This study investigates the washback effects on teaching practices caused by the national test in the course Swedish 1 which was introduced in upper secondary school in 2011. The test consists of three parts; oral presentation, writing proficiency and reading comprehension. The focus of the study is on the washback effects of the reading comprehension test which is an entirely new type of test for upper secondary school in Sweden. The study draws on qualitative data from interviews with 18 teachers of Swedish in upper secondary school. The interviews were carried out in four focus groups and also in a series of four interviews with five individual teachers. The theoretical framework consists of Stephen Ball’s theory of policy enactment. In addition, theory about reading comprehension and an adaptation of Ivanič’s concept discourses of writing transferred into the context of reading are used in order to analyse data. The findings indicate that even though there seems to be substantial washback from the oral and the writing tests, the reading comprehension test does not seem to have affected reading instruction to any large extent. One reason seems to be that reading instruction already covers the contents of the test to a great extent. The teachers in the study also perceive that there is a discrepancy in the alignment between the results of the test and the assessment critera of the course, making it problematic to communicate the results to pupils and to relate them to the final grade. As the result of the test is not interpreted as being useful to the teachers they admit to paying little attention to the reading comprehension test. Furthermore, the teachers tend not to consider the test as an important indicator of pupils’ reading competence as they seem to oppose the notion that interpreting fiction is something that can be measured and objectively assessed according to preset standards. When talking about reading instruction the teachers seem to value most the type of reading which deals with basic values, gives new perspectives on what it means to be human and which encourages pupils to want to read more literature, a type of reading the test cannot offer. Findings also indicate that even though the teachers have adequate knowledge about the teaching of reading comprehension they seem to lack a metalanguage to talk about the different components it is made up of which affects how they perceive the national reading comprehension test.

När lärares undervisning blir påverkad av ett nationellt prov talar man om washbackeffekter av provet. Det är vad den här licentiatuppsatsen handlar om. Genom att studera svensklärares uppfattningar om det nationella läsförståelseprovet i kursen Svenska 1 på gymnasiet belyser studien vad som kan hända när nationell policy bestående av ett nationellt prov möter den lokala kontexten i form av enskilda lärares undervisning. I studien har arton gymnasielärare i svenska fått komma till tals genom intervjuer. Resultaten visar att det nationella läsförståelseprovet i Svenska 1 inte i någon nämnvärd utsträckning påverkar lärarnas undervisning. Detta beror dels på att lärarna uppfattar att undervisningen redan behandlar det som provet testar, dels på att lärarna inte anser att resultatet på provet är användbart vid betygsättningen. Lärarna uppfattar också att deras tolkningar av vad läsförståelse är skiljer sig från provkonstruktörens. Delvis kan detta bero på att lärarna saknar ett metaspråk för att tala om läsförståelse och bedömning av elevers läskompetens. Maria Larsson är verksam gymnasielärare i svenska och engelska vid Lugnetgymnasiet i Falun och har bedrivit forskarstudier på halvtid med start höstterminen 2013. Hon har ingått i forskarskolan Skolnära som är ett samarbete mellan Högskolan Dalarna och Karlstads universitet. / This study investigates the washback effects on teaching practices caused by the national test in the course Swedish 1 which was introduced in upper secondary school in 2011. The test consists of three parts; oral presentation, writing proficiency and reading comprehension. The focus of the study is on the washback effects of the reading comprehension test which is an entirely new type of test for upper secondary school in Sweden. The study draws on qualitative data from interviews with 18 teachers of Swedish in upper secondary school. The interviews were carried out in four focus groups and also in a series of four interviews with five individual teachers. The theoretical framework consists of Stephen Ball’s theory of policy enactment. In addition, theory about reading comprehension and an adaptation of Ivanič’s concept discourses of writing transferred into the context of reading are used in order to analyse data. The findings indicate that even though there seems to be substantial washback from the oral and the writing tests, the reading comprehension test does not seem to have affected reading instruction to any large extent. One reason seems to be that reading instruction already covers the contents of the test to a great extent. The teachers in the study also perceive that there is a discrepancy in the alignment between the results of the test and the assessment critera of the course, making it problematic to communicate the results to pupils and to relate them to the final grade. As the result of the test is not interpreted as being useful to the teachers they admit to paying little attention to the reading comprehension test. Furthermore, the teachers tend not to consider the test as an important indicator of pupils’ reading competence as they seem to oppose the notion that interpreting fiction is something that can be measured and objectively assessed according to preset standards. When talking about reading instruction the teachers seem to value most the type of reading which deals with basic values, gives new perspectives on what it means to be human and which encourages pupils to want to read more literature, a type of reading the test cannot offer. Findings also indicate that even though the teachers have adequate knowledge about the teaching of reading comprehension they seem to lack a metalanguage to talk about the different components it is made up of which affects how they perceive the national reading comprehension test.

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur multimodalt lärande med lärplattan kan användas i svenskundervisningen för att skapa en differentierad undervisning som ett medel för att möta elevers behov. Syftet besvaras genom kvalitativ metod och semistrukturerade intervjuer av fem lärare som är verksamma i grundskolan F-3. Det insamlade materialet genom intervjuerna har analyserats i form av kategoriseringar, kodningar samt tolkningar. Sociokulturellt perspektiv är studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt.  I resultatet beskrivs det att lärare har olika tankar kring multimodalt lärande med lärplattan i svenskundervisning för att skapa en differentierad undervisning som medel för att möta elevers behov. Däremot har majoriteten av lärarna övervägande positiv inställning. Fördelar är att det med olika medel går att genomföra en differentierad undervisning med lärplattan genom olika applikationer. Detta i sin tur beskriver lärarna ger eleverna ökad motivation och de orkar lägga mer tid på sina texter och bearbetning av dem. De slutsatser som framgår är att lärarna ser multimodalt lärande med lärplattan i svenskundervisning för att skapa differentierad undervisning som en fördel. Däremot framgår det att det ska finnas en variation mellan digitalt och analogt arbetssätt, detta för att skapa en undervisning som når alla. / The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge about how multimodal learning with the learning tablet can be used in teaching in Swedish to create a differentiated teaching as a means to meet students' needs. The purpose is answered through qualitative methods and semi-structured interviews of five teachers who works in primary school F-3. The material collected through the interviews has been analyzed in the form of categorizations, coding and interpretations. Sociocultural theory is the study's theoretical starting point. In the results, it is described that teachers have different thoughts about multimodal learning with the learning tablet in Swedish teaching to create a differentiated teaching as a means to meet students' needs. However, the majority of teachers have a predominantly positive attitude. Advantages are that with different means it is possible to carry out differentiated teaching with the learning tablet through different applications. This, in turn, the teachers describe, gives the students increased motivation and they are able to spend more time on their texts and processing them. The conclusions that emerge are that the teachers see multimodal learning with the learning board in Swedish teaching to create differentiated teaching as an advantage. On the other hand, it appears that there must be a variation between digital and analogue working methods, this in order to create teaching that reaches everyone.

This licentitate thesis is a study of Upper-Secondary School stu-dents’ approach towards reading fiction in the school subject of Swedish from a socio-cultural perspective. Furthermore, the social context and its importance for the students’ reading situation has been mapped. The students participating in the study are all first-graders and boys, studying the Construction Programme. The empirical material consists primarily of oral statements made by the students concerning their perception of how to read fiction in school. Using the construct of Pierre Bourdieu and with the reception model of Kathleen McCormick as a point of departure, the repertoirs of the students are described and analyzed. This study shows that the students bring different representa-tions of their group belonging, which effect their approach to rea-ding fiction. It also shows that the students’ idea of what a reader is and their own reading ability create their approach to reading. Ad-ditionally, the students have problems to see the actual purpose of reading fiction in a school situation. The results of the study show that in order to read fiction success-fully in a classroom situation, the school has to discuss and chal-lenge the students’ views of group belonging. Furthermore the school must improve when it comes to illustrating the more precise purpose and meaning of reading fiction in the school subject of Swedish. The study shows that because of the students’ different approa-ches to reading fiction, they tend to do two types of reading, one in-dividual and one for the school . In the latter, the students are incli-ned to limit their reading potential. And this is the real challenge for the subject of Swedish, but also ultimately the school, to challenge the students to use their full reading potential. Finally, the results of the study is discussed in relation to the new curriculum of the subject of Swedish, as it is presented in the sylla-bus ”Gy 11”. ”Gy 11” has been implemented since the autumn of 2011. Additionally, the consequences of the decreased number of hours for the subject of Swedish is considered. There are, however, stil good possibilities for the Swedish school to enable the students to reach their full reading potential in a class-room sitution.