Bakgrund: Fotboll är världens största sport och har en global spridning över hela världen. Den utveckling som fotbollen har genomgått under moderntid har resulterat i att resurser har fått en mer betydelsefull roll i fotbollsklubbar. Fotbollsklubbar fungerar numera som investeringsobjekt för miljardärer som investerar stora ekonomiska resurser i fotbollsklubbarna. En fotbollsklubbs resurser är betydelsefulla men hur mycket påverkar resurserna det sportsliga resultatet? Syfte: Syftet är att förklara hur de allsvenska fotbollsklubbarnas resurser påverkar deras sportsliga resultat. Metod: Den här studien är en kvantitativ studie med en deduktiv ansats. Primärdata bestående av årsredovisningar införskaffades från ekonomiansvarig på respektive fotbollsklubb samt från fotbollsklubbarnas hemsidor. Insamlad data användes för att genomföra statistiska analyser. Slutsats: Studiens resultat påvisar att det finns ett signifikant samband mellan fotbollsklubbarnas ekonomiska resurser och deras sportsliga resultat. Studiens resultat påvisar även ett signifikant samband mellan hur mycket resurser som fotbollsklubbarna spenderar på humankapitalet och deras sportsliga resultat. / Background: Football is the biggest sport in the world and has a global spread throughout the world. The development of football in modern times has evolved into the fact that resources has had an increasing impact on football clubs. Football clubs have become an investment object for billionaires who have invested resources into football clubs. How much does resources affect the sporting success and do the clubs with the most resources have the best sporting results? Purpose: The purpose is to explain how the resources of Swedish football clubs affect their sporting results. Method: This study is a quantitive study with a deductive approach. Data were obtained in the form of annual reports from financial managers at each football club but also from the clubs' websites. The data is used to perform a multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: The study's result shows that there is a significant correlation between the football clubs' financial resources and sporting results. The result also shows that there is a significant correlation between resources that football clubs settle on human resources and sporting results.

This report presents research into policy implications in the Hex River Valley in the Western Cape Province. The research aims to understand how key policy interventions introduced by the democratic national government have performed over the past 20 years in this specific geographic area. The policy examined relate specifically to of agriculture, labour, housing, land reform, black economic empowerment, and substance abuse. The findings show mixed results. Some policy has gone a long way in improving the lives of people in the valley. In other instances it has been woefully inadequate. Often, policy is simply unable to keep up with the changing landscape and the new problems that continue to develop. All the while the table grape industry at the heart of this settlement has proved to be incredibly flexible in adapting. This report consists of two sections. The first is a long-form journalistic piece presenting the research and its findings in a narrative writing style which is intended to engage the reader. The second section is the scholarly methods document sets out the academic research supporting this work. It also analyses on the manner in which the research was conducted and the reasons therefore. / GR2017

The thesis was intended to fill the information gap in the ecohydrology of the Pinus rotundata dominated peatbogs in the Třeboň Basin Biosphere Reserve, Czech Republic by studying various aspects of their water régime (i.e., transpiration of the dominant tree species, soil water chemistry, retention ability). The study is based on regular monitoring of the water table, water discharge, soil water chemistry and precipitation (during 1995-2000, study sites Červené blato and Žofinka peatbogs). Additionally, the transpiration of adult Pinus rotundata trees was measured in the field during 1999-2000 at the experimental plot in the Červené blato peatbog (330 ha, 465-475 m a.s.l.). Nowadays, the Pinus rotundata-dominated peatbogs represent almost natural (peaty) forests inside of otherwise human-made forest plantations. Long-term vegetation changes after natural disturbances such as windstorms, insect infestation and fire are only occasionally reported for the central European natural forests. Therefore the evaluation of vegetation changes after disturbances, typical of boreal forests, and their impact on peatbog hydrology has also been included in this thesis (study site Žofinka peatbog, 130 ha, 470-475 m a.s.l.). Transpiration of the central European endemic tree species, Pinus rotundata Link, was...

L’étude des structures raidies est un sujet de recherche récurrent. En effet, celles-ci sont présentes dans de nombreuses applications industrielles. Leur utilisation offre de nombreux avantages notamment du point de vue de l’allègement, critère qui est particulièrement important dans l’industrie automobile par exemple. Dans un tout autre domaine, la table d’harmonie de piano constitue un exemple typique de ces structures raidies et les problèmes relevés par les professionnels du domaine sont nombreux. Aujourd’hui, les ressources numériques permettent de prendre en compte de nombreux phénomènes dans les modèles développés avec pour conséquence, une difficulté d’interprétation entre les données d’entrée et de sortie. En considérant moins de paramètres à la fois, les modèles simplifiés présentent alors l’avantage de pouvoir en séparer la participation dans le rendu global. En prenant comme point de départ une plaque simplement supportée rectangulaire orthotrope dite « spéciale » dans laquelle la table est inscrite, la forme de la table d’harmonie est recréée par ajout d’une densité de ressorts ponctuels dans le domaine complémentaire. Par couplage avec des superstructures collées sur chaque face, il est possible de déterminer le comportement vibratoire de l’instrument ainsi que le rayonnement acoustique à partir des impédances de rayonnement d’une plaque simplement supportée bafflée. Ce modèle analytique est par la suite couplé à une corde et résolu dans le domaine temporel et présente alors l’avantage de pouvoir évaluer perceptivement l’impact de modifications structurelles. L’originalité d’un tel calcul tient dans le fait que des forces d’interactions assurent la continuité entre les soussystèmes et deviennent des inconnues du problème, comme dans les problèmes de contacts ou de frottements. Enfin, la prise en compte des petites non-linéarités géométriques de la corde sera faite en les considérant comme des seconds membres des équations du mouvement, ce qui permet de conserver la notion de modeslinéaires / Ribbed structures are a current subject of study and they are often used in many industrial domain. Indeed, there use offers some advantages as for example in automotive domain to reduce the weight of vehicule that is an important actual constrain. In the musical domain ribbed structures are also often used and musical instruments mixed structural, perceptive and subjective considerations. In that domain, one of the main difficulties is to translate the language between the science and the music and to make equivalence between phenomena describe by the musicians and scientific indicators. The piano soundboard is a typical example of these ribbed structures and difficulties reported by piano makers are many. Nowadays, numerical computing resources allow to take into account some phenomena in modeling but as a consequence, it appears a “black box effect” between input and output data. Taking into account less parameters, reduced models offer the advantage to separate the influence of each parameter in the final result. Taking into account as starting point a simply supported rectangular plate with special orthotropy, the edges of the soundboard are described by an addition of punctual springs in the fictive domain. Coupling to it some stiffeners on the both faces, it is possible to calculate the vibratory behavior of the instrument such as the acoustic radiation through the acoustical radiation impedances of the baffled simply supported plate. This simplified analytical modeling is representative of phenomena found in the literature and is also well adapted to parametrical studies. So, it highlights the space localizations of vibration, due to the conception of the instrument, and allows studying the influence of structural parameters on the mobility along the bridge, the acoustical radiated power for example. In order to qualify, with a reduced computing cost, the influence of structural parameters on the perceived sound, this analytical model for ribbed structure is coupled to a string and solved in time domain.

Being able to perform good data analysis is a fundamental part of running any business or organization. One way of enabling data analysis is with a data warehouse system, a type of database that gathers and transforms data from multiple sources and structures it in the goal of simplifying analysis. It is commonly used to provide support in decision-making. Although a data warehouse enables data analysis, it is also relevant to consider how well the system supports analysis. This thesis is a qualitative research that aims to investigate how work domain analysis (WDA) can be used to evaluate the design of a data warehouse system. To do so, a case study at the IT company Norconsult Astando was performed. A data warehouse system was designed for an issue management system and evaluated using the abstraction hierarchy (AH) model. The research done in this thesis showed that analysis was enabled by adopting Kimball’s bottom-up approach and a star schema design with an accumulating snapshot fact table. Through evaluation of the design, it was shown that most of the design choices made for the data warehouse were captured in the AH. It was concluded that with sufficient data collection methods, WDA can be used to a large extent when evaluating a data warehouse system.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver modelos de tabelas informativas contendo atributos de desempenho técnico e ambiental de produtos da construção civil para os produtos forro de lã de vidro e impermeabilização de coberturas planas. Foram estudadas as normas para Declaração Ambiental (normas ISO 14.000) e um levantamento dos requisitos que demandam atributos específicos para materiais de construção e que constam nos sistemas de certificação ambiental de edifícios LEED BD+C 2009, AQUA Residencial e norma de desempenho NBR 15.575: 2013 - Parte 1. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com a participação de agentes do meio produtivo, articulando as demandas de projetistas e dos segmentos industriais dos produtos supracitados. Foram selecionados atributos que influenciam a qualidade ambiental do edifício: toxicidade; conteúdo de compostos orgânicos voláteis; presença de substâncias carcinogênicas; porcentagem na composição e tipo de conteúdo reciclado; descarte do produto e da embalagem; certificações do produto e do fabricante. Atributos que influenciam o desempenho técnico do material quanto à segurança, funcionalidade e durabilidade foram selecionados para cada tipologia de produto: reação ao fogo; propriedades que afetam a estanqueidade, manutenção, o desempenho térmico e acústico; prazos de garantia e durabilidade. A combinação desses atributos permite, desde as fases iniciais do processo de projeto, exercício de análise e interpretação dos dados para a especificação de materiais adequados às necessidades do edifício e seus usuários. O modelo apresentado, denominado Tabela Ambiental, favorece a informação dinâmica aos envolvidos da cadeia construtiva, evoluindo juntamente com o conhecimento do mercado sobre o tema e suas inovações tecnológicas. A Tabela Ambiental apresenta uma proposta de comunicação simplificada e, por meio da referência de comprovação, incentiva a especificação consciente e responsável, podendo incrementar a educação ambiental e direcionar o mercado da construção civil a novos rumos na sustentabilidade. / The present paper aims to develop models of informative tables containing attributes of technical and environmental performance of civil construction products for glass wool ceiling and flat roofs waterproofing. Standards were studied for Environmental Declaration (ISO 14000 standards) and a survey of requirements which demand specific attributes for building materials in the environmental certification systems for buildings LEED BD + C 2009, AQUA Residential and performance standard NBR 15.575: 2013 - Part 1. The research was developed with productive agents articulating the demands of designers and industrial segments of the mentioned products. Attributes which influence on building environmental quality were selected: content and type of recycled; packaging and product disposal; maker and product certifications. Attributes that influence the environmental quality of the building were selected: toxicity; content of volatile organic compounds; presence of carcinogenic substances; percentage in the composition and type of recycled content; disposal of product and packaging; certifications of the product and the manufacturer. Attributes that influence the technical performance of the equipment for safety, functionality and durability were selected for each type of product: reaction to fire; properties that affect the tightness, maintenance, thermal and acoustic performance; warranty terms and durability. The combination of these attributes allow, from the early stages of the design process, exercise of analysis and data interpretation for specifying suitable materials to the building needs and its users. The model presented, called as Environmental Table, favors to the dynamics involved in constructive chain information, progressing with the market knowledge about the subject and its technological innovations. The Environmental Table presents a simplified communication proposal and through reference encourages responsible and conscious specification, it can increase environmental education and direct the civil construction market to new ways in sustainability.

O enxoval é conhecido desde a antiguidade e tem passado por uma série de modificações, refletidas no tipo de tecido, confecção, design, moda e na participação do mercado. Estas mudanças também foram influenciadas pela mudança da posição da mulher na sociedade. A presente pesquisa objetivou em estudar o desenvolvimento do setor de cama, mesa e banho no Brasil, ocorrido de 1976 a 2017, em termos de aspectos de mercado, materiais e processos têxteis, design e moda. A metodologia consistiu em pesquisa das revistas Casa Vogue Brasil e Casa Cláudia de 1977 a 2017 para estudo e análise de materiais têxteis, designs e marcas do setor de cama, mesa e banho a partir das imagens e textos. Em adição, foi efetuada, em base dos principais relatórios relacionados à indústria têxtil e de confecção e demais literatura, pesquisa dos processos e maquinários para a produção de cama, mesa e banho e aspectos de mercado desse setor. Por fim, foram realizadas entrevistas com empresas do setor de cama, mesa e banho. Os materiais e designs têxteis clássicos são nítidos na preferência da apresentação de estilo. Em relação ao comércio, ocorreram grandes mudanças no mercado brasileiro dos anos 1976 aos 2017. No início desse período o destaque eram lojas de departamento e, com o passar dos anos, as empresas foram criando seu espaço com destaques nas marcas. As marcas com maior apresentação nas últimas duas décadas (anos 2000 e 2010) da revista Casa Vogue Brasil foram Trousseau, Trussardi e a loja de departamento de multimarcas Mundo do Enxoval (essas marcas tem o destaque para o público de maior poder aquisitivo no Brasil). Na revista Casa Cláudia, foram Buddemeyer, Trousseau e MMartan. Com o avanço tecnológico, tornou-se mais acessível a compra dos produtos de cama, mesa e banho industrializados e aumentou assim a exportação brasileira. As evoluções dos maquinários e todo o processo envolvido, auxiliaram à obtenção de produtos com valores mais acessíveis, melhor qualidade e padronagem dos produtos acabados. Constata-se que, o setor avança e se desenvolve constituindo um importante papel na produção têxtil. No entanto, os padrões clássicos predominam com destaque para a cor branca e o tecido de algodão nos produtos de cama, mesa e banho, sendo o bordado o ornamento de destaque do estilo desses produtos. A manutenção desses padrões por parte dos fabricantes brasileiros é interessante para manter vendas no mercado interno, mas um limitante para produtos de exportação destinados a públicos com valores e gostos estéticos distintos e com maior oferta de itens com variedade de designs de superfície / The trousseau has been known since antiquity and has undergone a series of modifications, reflected in the type of fabric, confection, design, fashion and market share. These changes were also influenced by the changing position of women in society. The present study aimed to study the development of the bed, table and bathroom sector in Brazil, from 1976 to 2017, in terms of market, materials and textile processes, design and fashion. The methodology consisted of a survey of Casa Vogue Brasil and Casa Claudia magazines from 1977 to 2017 for the study and analysis of textile materials, designs and brands in the bed, table and bathroom sector based on images and texts. In addition, on the basis of the main reports related to the textile and clothing industry and other literature, research was carried out on the processes and machinery for the production of bed, table and bath and market aspects of this sector. Finally, interviews were conducted with companies in the bed, table and bathroom sector. The classic textile materials and designs are crisp in style presentation preference. In terms of trade, there were major changes in the Brazilian market from 1976 to 2017. At the beginning of this period the highlights were department stores and, over the years, companies were creating their space with highlights in the brands. The most prominent brands in the last two decades (2000 and 2010) of Casa Vogue Brasil magazine were Trousseau, Trussardi and the multi-brand department store Mundo do Enxoval (these brands have the highlight for the most affluent public in Brazil). In the magazine House Claudia, were Buddemeyer, Trousseau and MMartan. With the technological advance, it became more accessible the purchase of products of bed, table and bath industrialized and thus increased the Brazilian export. The evolutions of the machinery and the whole process involved, helped to obtain products with more accessible values, better quality and standardization of the finished products. It is observed that, the sector advances and develops playing an important role in the textile production. However, classic patterns predominate with white and cotton in bed, table and bath products, with embroidery being the most outstanding ornament of the style of these products. The maintenance of these standards by the Brazilian manufacturers is interesting to maintain sales in the domestic market, but a limitation for export products destined to audiences with different values and aesthetic tastes and with a greater supply of items with a variety of surface designs

Bancos de dados geológico-geotécnicos podem atuar como instrumentos interessantes de auxílio a atividades de planejamento e gestão urbana e ambiental. Entretanto, as informações utilizadas nessas ferramentas nem sempre se encontram disponíveis ou de maneira acessível. Este trabalho aborda a elaboração de um sistema de apoio à decisão em ambiente de SIG (ArcGis 9.1); trata da implementação de um banco de dados geológico-geotécnicos da cidade de João Pessoa - PB, a partir de sondagens à percussão com Standard Penetration Test (SPT). O banco de dados foi projetado para atuar como forma de apoio às ações de planejamento e gestão urbanas do município, assim como importante subsídio ao meio acadêmico e profissional. A pesquisa envolveu etapas preparatórias essenciais para a estruturação do Banco de Dados e para o desenvolvimento de análises e modelagens espaciais, tais como a geração da base topográfica digital da área de estudo, a produção do Modelo Digital do Terreno e a localização e inserção das informações geológicosgeotécnicas obtidas nos perfis das sondagens. Para as modelagens e análises espaciais foram utilizados e comparados métodos de interpolação determinísticos (Topo to Raster) e geoestatísticos (Krigagem Ordinária). As principais variáveis espaciais analisadas foram profundidade do lençol freático (N.A.) e \'N IND.SPT\'. Foram gerados mapas do lençol freático e mapas com uso sugerido para fundações em três setores distintos da área de estudo e para diferentes profundidades, como principais produtos cartográficos. / Geological-geotechnical databases have been used as important assistant tools in urban and environmental management activities. However, the kind of information necessary for one to work with such tools may not always be available or easily supplied. This work concerns the generation of a Decision Support System undertaken through means of a Geographic Information System (Arcgis 9.1). It presents the development of a geological geotechnical database of João Pessoa-PB, based on information obtained from boring logs of soundings with Standard Penetration Tests. This database has been designed to act as an additional support to the urban and environmental management city activities, as it might also work as an important resource to academic and practical fields. The research evolved important stages of database preparation and organization (digital topographic base), followed by spatial modeling and analysis such as digital elevation model (DEM) generation, location and insertion of all geological-geotechnical information. Deterministic (Topo to Raster) and Geostatistical (Ordinary Krigging) methods were used and compared during spatial modeling and analysis of two main variables: water table level and \'N IND.SPT\' values. Results were integrated in order to obtain water table level maps, as to foundation engineering works, for three different area sectors and depths.

Background. Nowadays, information retrieval system become more and more popular, it helps people retrieve information more efficiently and accelerates daily task. Within this context, Image processing technology play an important role that help transcribing content in printed or handwritten documents into digital data in information retrieval system. This transcribing procedure is called document digitization. In this transcribing procedure, image processing technique such as layout analysis and word recognition are employed to segment the document content and transcribe the image content into words. At this point, a Swedish company (ArkivDigital® AB) has a demand to transcribe their document data into digital data. Objectives. In this study, the aim is to find out effective solution to extract document layout regard to the Swedish handwritten historical documents, which are featured by their tabular forms containing the handwritten content. In this case, outcome of application of OCRopus, OCRfeeder, traditional image processing techniques, machine learning techniques on Swedish historical hand-written document is compared and studied. Methods. Implementation and experiment are used to develop three comparative solutions in this study. One is Hessian filtering with mask operation; another one is Gabor filtering with morphological open operation; the last one is Gabor filtering with machine learning classification. In the last solution, different alternatives were explored to build up document layout extraction pipeline. Hessian filter and Gabor filter are evaluated; Secondly, filter images with the better filter evaluated at previous stage, then refine the filtered image with Hough line transform method. Third, extract transfer learning feature and custom feature. Fourth, feed classifier with previous extracted features and analyze the result. After implementing all the solutions, sample set of the Swedish historical handwritten document is applied with these solutions and compare their performance with survey. Results. Both open source OCR system OCRopus and OCRfeeder fail to deliver the outcome due to these systems are designed to handle general document layout instead of table layout. Traditional image processing solutions work in more than a half of the cases, but it does not work well. Combining traditional image process technique and machine leaning technique give the best result, but with great time cost. Conclusions. Results shows that existing OCR system cannot carry layout analysis task in our Swedish historical handwritten document. Traditional image processing techniques are capable to extract the general table layout in these documents. By introducing machine learning technique, better and more accurate table layout can be extracted, but comes with a bigger time cost. / Scalable resource-efficient systems for big data analytics

[pt] Mesmo com a evolução dos dispositivos de armazenamento e comunicação, mantém-se crescente a demanda por mecanismos de compressão de dados mais eficientes. Entre os compressores baseados na freqüência de símbolos, destacam - se os códigos livres de prefixo, que são executados por vários métodos compostos de diferentes algoritmos e também apresentam bom desempenho em uso isolado. Muitas pesquisas trouxeram maior eficiência aos códigos de prefixo, centradas, sobretudo, na redução do espaço de memória necessário e tempo gasto durante a descompressão. O presente trabalho abrange códigos de prefixos e respectivas técnicas de descompressão visando propor um novo codificador, o compressor LTL, que utiliza códigos com restrição de comprimento para reduzir o espaço de memória da tabela Look-up, eficiente método de decodificação. Devido ao uso de códigos restritos, é admitido um pequeno decréscimo nas taxas de compressão para possibilitar uma decodificação mais rápida. Os resultados obtidos indicam perda de compressão inferior a 11 por cento para um modelo baseado em caracteres, com velocidade média de decodificação cinco vezes maior que a de um decodificador canônico. Embora, para um modelo de palavras, o ganho médio de velocidade seja de 3,5, constata-se que, quando o número de símbolos é muito grande, o tamanho da tabela look-up impossibilita uma utilização eficiente da memória cache. Assim, o LTL é indicado para substituir quaisquer códigos de prefixo baseados em caracteres cuja aplicação requer agilidade no processo de descompressão. / [en] Even with the evolution of communication and storage devices, the use of complex data structures, like video and hypermedia documents, keeps increasing the demand for efficient data compression mechanisms. Prefix codes are one of the most known compressors, since they are executed by some compression methods that group different algorithms, besides presenting a good performance when used separately. A lot of approaches have been tried to improve the decoding speed of these codes. One major reason is that files are compressed and updated just a few times, whereas they have to be decompressed each time they are accessed. This work presents prefix codes and their decoding techniques in order to introduce a new coding scheme. In this scheme length-restricted codes are used to control the space requirements of the Look-up table, an efficient and fast prefix codes decoding method. Since restricted codewords are used, a small loss of compression efficiency is admitted. Empirical experiments indicate that this loss in the coded text is smaller than 11 percent if a character based model is used, and the observed average decoding speed is five times faster than the one for canonical codes. For a word based model, the average decoding speed is 3,5 times faster than a canonical decoder, but it decreases when a large number of symbols is used. Hence, this method is very suitable for applications where a character based model is used and extremely fast decoding is mandatory.