Soffan Wergeland, ritad 1944 av möbelformgivaren Carl Malmsten, har ett traditionellt knutet resårhus och delad framkant. I studien renoveras en soffa av modellen Wergeland och här provas ett nytt sätt att knyta resårer, som visar sig vara tidseffektivt. Att tillverka en delad framkant med vulster på traditionellt sätt är tidskrävande och krångligt och därför används en förenklad metod att bygga upp vulster med hjälp av pressat papper. Metoden ger ett bra resultat och är till utseende jämförbart med det traditionella sättet. Modellen Wergeland har fått sitt namn efter beställaren Hjalmar Wergeland, läkare och norsk motståndsman under andra världskriget, som tvingas fly till Sverige och tillsammans med sin fru Helga bygger de upp ett nytt hem i Stockholm och beställer en soffa av Carl Malmsten. I studien presenteras historiska fakta från 1940-talet då soffan beställs, om Carl Malmsten, Hjalmar och Helga Wergeland och dokument, ritningar och en brevväxling mellan Hjalmar Wergeland och Carl Malmsten.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The topic of the present dissertation is argumentation in the late statesman Olof Palme (1927-1986). One may reasonably think that the fascination for Palme is mainly due to his way of expressing his policy, and therefore also to his argumentation strategy. The theoretical background consists of Lloyd F. Bitzers’s theory on the rhetorical situation, Stephen E. Toulmin’s theory on the description of argumentation structures and on the notion of fallacy, as it appears in pragma-dialectics and informal logic. The rhetorical situation is used to identify vital presuppositions and conditions surrounding the analysed argumentation.Toulmin’s theoretical model is used to analyse structures in the argumentation, and the notion of fallacy is used to discover infringements upon these structures. The object of this analysis is the decisive electoral debates of autumn 1976 between Olof Palme and Thorbjörn Fälldin, held in Scandinavium, Gothenburg, Sweden. Palme had to think of a number of surrounding conditions, such as that the debate was decisive, the composition of the audience. Palme and Fälldin otherwise appeared to be rather equally equipped for the debate. Palme’s task was primarily to gain the number of votes needed to continue to keep social democracy in power. There seem to exist several levels making up his argumentation, grouped under attack and defence. Defence is in most cases based upon a strong connection with the social democrat tradition. The attack is more complicated, linked to Palme’s overall argumentative intention: to depict the non-socialists as a bad governing alternative, and the social democrats as a better one. Fallacies are regarded as instances of breaking the frame of rules that govern a critical discussion. Palme has several fallacy-like features in his argumentation. Among those, most common, are that he attacks the person Thorbjörn Fälldin, instead of the policy or party that he represents. Palme also starts from presupposed premises and tries to link the economic policy of the alliance to an intellectually-thought delimiting between liberal and conservative capitalism and social-democrat solidarity. He strives to portray the liberals and conservatives as money-orientated, whereas social democracy is depicted as people-orientated.Palme goes arguably too far at several moments during the debate,which possibly hurts his own argumentation.</p><p>Keywords: Olof Palme, argumentation, argumentation analysis, rhetoric, rhetorical situation, Toulmin´s argumentative model, fallacy, informal logic, pragma-dialectic, critical discussion, debate, Thorbjörn Fälldin, social democracy, election</p>

<p>In this essay I study two novellas by Anne Charlotte Leffler, “En bal i societeten” and “I krig med samhället”. In order to do this, I use some of the differences between male and female writing that Ingeborg Nordin Hennel discusses in her study “Ämnar kanske fröken publicera något?”: Kvinnligt och manligt i 1880-talets novellistik. For the analysis of “I krig med samhället” I also use the text “Stabat mater” by Julia Kristeva. Anne Charlotte Leffler describes femininity both as a shortcoming and as a possibility in her authorship. In this essay I focus on femininity as a shortcoming. In my opinion “shortcoming” is not the proper description. I have therefore introduced the term “novella of disillusionment” to describe the novellas. My idea is that the female protagonist through disillusionment comes to the understanding of the double standards and limiting conventions of women. This is the insight that underlies femininity as a possibility.</p><p>I want to show how the two novellas lead to disillusionment for Arla. In “En bal i societeten”, the young Arla’s disillusionment is about romantic love. The novella criticizes bourgeois matrimony. It also discusses authorship and theatrical art. The novella is impressionistic. I examine the portrayed women because they give a voice to and criticize double standards. Another distinct theme is the relationship between mothers and daughters as part of the oppressive patriarchal system. The men appearing in the novella are more of stereotypes. Their primary interest is in their relationship to Arla. The narrator uses often a double gaze where the second look is female and antipatriarcal.</p><p>In the analysis of “I krig med samhället” I focus on Arla’s development. The main male character is a young radical writer, typical of male writers in the 1880s. My interest is solely in his relationship to Arla. His radical ideas do not include the emancipation of women and the companionate marriage proves to be disillusionment for Arla. His view of women is influenced by the ideals of the discourse of the Madonna. This both restricts Arla, and gives her a possible way of life, based on a feminine experience. I also discuss the perspective of the narrator that confronts the views of Lefflers male colleagues. I also discuss the complex relationship between Arla and her teenage daughter.</p><p>In the final part of the essay I clarify the disillusionment by comparing Arla’s fate with some works by Leffler that can better be categorized as describing femininity as a possibility, in particular, the novel “En sommarsaga”. In my opinion “I krig med samhället” is the precursor of the novel.</p>

Ämnet som behandlas i denna uppsats är förnamnsutvecklingen i de två värmländska församlingarna Karlstad och Ekshärad. Det är två typer av utvecklingar som studerats. Dels hur många förnamn föräldrarna gav sina barn under perioden 1800-1920, dels vilka förnamn som gavs de nyfödda barnen mellan åren 1800-1859. Vad gäller hur många förnamn barnen fick så var det under hela 1800-talet stor skillnad mellan de båda församlingarna. I Karlstad fick en majoritet på mellan 60 och 80 procent av barnen två förnamn. I Ekshärad var det däremot mer vanligt att endast ge dem ett. Först på 1850-talet var det färre än 90% av de döpta som fick ett förnamn. Ännu vid år 1920 hade man inte kommit ikapp Karlstad, men förändringen till att använda fler förnamn var här betydligt snabbare än i Karlstad. Det finns inte mycket som tyder på att namnen har spridits från stad till landsbygd, eller åt andra hållet. I Ekshärad är Lars och Per de populäraste namnen på pojkarna. Flickorna heter bland annat Ingeborg, Kerstin eller Marit. Att göra en liknande sammanfattning för Karlstad är inte lika lätt, där de populäraste namnen varierar kraftigt. Hos pojkarna är det bara namnet Johan som alltid finns med bland de fyra toppnamnen. Två andra namn som varit populära är Anders och Carl. Toppnamnet hos flickorna är fram till 1820-talet det relativt korta Caisa. Sedan blir toppnamnet istället det betydligt längre Carolina, som först delar platsen med Christina och vid 1850-talets slut med Augusta. Den största skillnaden mellan församlingarna, vad gäller vilka namn barnen gavs, är dock att de 10 populäraste namnen i Ekshärad representerar över 70% av alla namngivna flickor/pojkar. Dessutom är det bara hos flickorna som flernamnsförnamn kommer in på topp 10, vilket sker först på 1840-talet. I Karlstad är motsvarande siffror under 50%. Det finns dessutom både hos flickor och hos pojkar minst ett flernamnsförnamn representerat på topp 10 i Karlstad. Utvecklingen av namngivningen beror troligast på traditionen med att låta förnamnen gå i arv. Namnen verkar inte ha spridits åt något håll mellan de båda församlingarna Karlstad och Ekshärad.

In this essay I study two novellas by Anne Charlotte Leffler, “En bal i societeten” and “I krig med samhället”. In order to do this, I use some of the differences between male and female writing that Ingeborg Nordin Hennel discusses in her study “Ämnar kanske fröken publicera något?”: Kvinnligt och manligt i 1880-talets novellistik. For the analysis of “I krig med samhället” I also use the text “Stabat mater” by Julia Kristeva. Anne Charlotte Leffler describes femininity both as a shortcoming and as a possibility in her authorship. In this essay I focus on femininity as a shortcoming. In my opinion “shortcoming” is not the proper description. I have therefore introduced the term “novella of disillusionment” to describe the novellas. My idea is that the female protagonist through disillusionment comes to the understanding of the double standards and limiting conventions of women. This is the insight that underlies femininity as a possibility. I want to show how the two novellas lead to disillusionment for Arla. In “En bal i societeten”, the young Arla’s disillusionment is about romantic love. The novella criticizes bourgeois matrimony. It also discusses authorship and theatrical art. The novella is impressionistic. I examine the portrayed women because they give a voice to and criticize double standards. Another distinct theme is the relationship between mothers and daughters as part of the oppressive patriarchal system. The men appearing in the novella are more of stereotypes. Their primary interest is in their relationship to Arla. The narrator uses often a double gaze where the second look is female and antipatriarcal. In the analysis of “I krig med samhället” I focus on Arla’s development. The main male character is a young radical writer, typical of male writers in the 1880s. My interest is solely in his relationship to Arla. His radical ideas do not include the emancipation of women and the companionate marriage proves to be disillusionment for Arla. His view of women is influenced by the ideals of the discourse of the Madonna. This both restricts Arla, and gives her a possible way of life, based on a feminine experience. I also discuss the perspective of the narrator that confronts the views of Lefflers male colleagues. I also discuss the complex relationship between Arla and her teenage daughter. In the final part of the essay I clarify the disillusionment by comparing Arla’s fate with some works by Leffler that can better be categorized as describing femininity as a possibility, in particular, the novel “En sommarsaga”. In my opinion “I krig med samhället” is the precursor of the novel.

Abstract   Title: Från neutralitet till öppenhet? – En studie av säkerhetspolitikens utveckling i Sverige efter kalla krigets slut Author: Jens Kindh Supervisor: Patric Lindgren Linnaeus University Department of Political Science Spring term 2012   When the Cold War ended, a new security situation was unfolded in Sweden. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and compare how the Swedish security policy is organized and how it has changed since the Cold War ended. To do that, I’m going to try answer the following questions: How is the Swedish security policy organized? What defence resolutions have affected the Swedish security policy after the Cold War ended? How has different political actions made its impact on the Swedish security policy after the Cold War ended? My theory is to try explain how the Swedish security policy has changed after the Cold War through a realism security perspective called traditional security, which refers to a realistic construct of the states security policy. Furthermore, to explain Sweden’s security policy and its changes, I’m going to use the three defence resolution from 1996, 2000 and 2009. In addition, books and articles will also be used to explain how Sweden’s security policy is conducted and how it was developed after the Cold War ended. The results showed that Sweden’s security policy has gone through some substantially changes.   Words: 11 854   Keywords: Sweden, Security policy, Sweden after the 1990s, Official, Swedish defense resolutions,

The purpose of this paper is to survey the textile based proto-industrialism in Sweden in the middle of the 19th century. This case study is founded upon Anders Hansson’s pre-industrial textile production at the estate of Mölneby, Östra Frölunda in the rural district of Kind in the province of Västra Götaland. Account books from the year 1853 related to Anders Hansson’s wool fabric manufacturing have been looked into and categorized using a quantitative research method. The research has also been supplemented with a number of interviews. The result of the survey shows that Anders Hansson’s business activities fit into Mendel’s theory of proto-industrialists at a practice level. By collaborating with a merchant in Gothenburg the fabrics were traded in unknown markets, as well as in more familiar neighbouring districts. The amount of production varied due to agricultural season. Usually it contributed to the income of the peasant’s family, but for some people living in poor-houses it was their only income. The theory of proto-industrialism also assumes that there is a surplus of food production in adjacent districts, something that is not completely evident in this study.  However, an accumulation of capital can be seen as continuous investments in forest land and agricultural properties took place. Furthermore, the study shows that Anders Hansson’s business activities also led to his acquisition of trading skills as well as specialist knowledge of how to organize production. Consequently, the conclusion of the study has to be put forward in the following way: by looking into the case study and earlier research of the proto-industrial theory it is evident that this activity at practice level co-existed in a symbiotic relationship in the rural society as well as in the urban society. Mendel’s proto-industrial theory discusses and analyses different parts of this manufacturing as a contributing factor to the industrialization or as in the case of Anders Hansson’s manufacturing; the de-industrialization.

In this paper I study the Austrian author Ingeborg Bachmann’s novel Malina (1971) from the perspective of Gérard Genette’s narrative theory and his notions of tense, mood and voice. In dialogue with earlier research on Malina I reflect over the last scene in the novel, what really happens there and how it matters for the rest of the novel. I give an account of feminist theories with focus on the annihilation of the female voice, the memory as theatre and the folklore tale as flight. The result is a more distinct perception of Bachmann’s skill, closeness and awareness as a writer and her use of Malina as contribution to the feminist debate and as a tool to find a place in the patriarchal world of intellectual, postwar Vienna. / I min uppsats har jag undersökt hur Ingeborg Bachmanns roman Malina är uppbyggd ur ett berättartekniskt perspektiv med hjälp av Gérard Genettes begrepp tempus, modus och röst. I diskussion med tidigare forskning har jag reflekterat över vad det är som sker i romanens slutscen och vad det har för betydelse för resten av verket. Jag har redogjort för tidigare forskning som med feministisk grund studerar förintandet av den kvinnliga rösten, minnet som teater och sagan som flykt. Resultaten är en tydligare bild av Bachmanns tekniska skicklighet, täthet och medvetenhet som författare och hur hon dels använder Malina som ett inlägg i den feministiska debatten och dels använder den som ett verktyg för att själv kunna verka i det intellektuella, men patriarkala efterkrigstidens Wien.

This essay focus on Jean-Jacques Rousseau and David Hume and how they in their writings describe the doctrine of the original sin, and what they replace it with. The theoretical framework this essay work form, is Peter. L Bergers theories concerning society and religion as a social construction, were religious systems purpose is to establish order and previewed a meaning for people. From a history point of view religious system and institutions have had a significant role in establish system that will provide people with explanations about the world. In the eighteenth century, during the period in Europe often named as the enlightenment a new sort of criticism took place against religion. My study shows that in the part of Rousseau’s work Émile that goes under the name The Savoy priest's confession the doctrine of the original sin, is replaced with a faith in the human nature. Doctrines such as the original sin is for Rousseau something that is formed by humans in society, and has nothing to do with God. In the second part of Hume’s work Dialogues concerning natural religion, the dialogue shifts and focus on more moral concepts of religion, and also the question of evil, sin etc. Hume’s work presents three solutions instead of one.

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