本研究旨在歸納電腦輔助國中英語任務教學之設計原則，並探究學生在使用電腦軟體時的互動模式。同時，本研究期望能進一步了解，針對此一教師設計之電腦輔助英語教學軟體，學生在使用過程所遇到的困難及與學習夥伴互動的模式。 本研究採取質的研究方法，並且以設計本位研究的概念為架構。研究者先行設計出一套任務導向之電腦英語教學軟體，作為研究雛型。研究對象為九對高學習成就之國中生。研究時程分為三個階段，每個階段由三對學生者參與。藉由觀察及訪談，分析出學生(1)分別在三個階段所遇到的困難，以及(2)與夥伴互動的模式。在第一部份，先一一探討學生對於每個任務的反應，再歸納出重要的教學議題及軟體在下一階段所應作的修正。在第二部份，先討論學生在互動的過程所扮演的角色，再呈現訪談資料裡學生內心對於互動過程的感受。本研究發現，符合學生學習需求的軟體設計、教師所提供的心理支持、及學生互動的品質，皆是影響電腦英語教學成效之關鍵因素。 本研究根據以上軟體設計及學生互動的討論結果，進一步提供建議，以作為任務導向之電腦英語教學相關議題之研究參考。 / The purpose of this study is to derive useful insights and principles for the design of the computer-supported collaboration tasks and to explore patterns of learners’ interaction when working on the computer tasks. This study attempts to understand how learners react to the teacher-designed computer-supported collaborative learning tasks and how they work together with their partners. This study adopts qualitative approach methods within the design-based research framework. First, a task-based computer program is designed as a prototype. Then 9 pairs of high-achieving junior high school students are selected to use the software. Throughout the three cycles of implementation with three pairs of students in each, qualitative data are collected through direct observations and an interview. The results are presented according to the three cycles with a separate section on the participants’ interaction. In the three cycles, the participants’ reactions to each task within each scene are first described, and then pedagogical issues and design adjustments for the next cycle are discussed. In the interaction section, three roles taken by the participants across three cycles are identified, with a discussion on the participants’ viewpoints on their interaction. It is found in this study that the program design, the teacher’s support, and the nature of the learner’s interaction are the key elements affecting the outcomes of using this CSCL program. Finally, pedagogical implications and suggestions based on obstacles that the participants encountered during the program are discussed, with the discussion on limitations of this study and suggestions for further research.

No description available.

The project ClinicSpace aims to fill gaps in current clinical systems, regarding to the characteristics of pervasive computing tasks and clinical activities support to the user (physician). The architecture of the model ClinicSpace, built from the perspective given by the activity theory, it is composed of several modules that interconnected offer the features needed in a system geared to clinical pervasive end-user. One of these modules is the treatment of the clinical tasks. This work holds a discussion on the present requirements for the treatment of the clinical tasks, defining an architecture to link them to the tasks of the user, allowing context customization and automatic entry of data. The customization is achieved through the use of Programmable Elements of Context, which are represented by actuators, physical or logical, responsible for providing the system capacity of automatic executions, based on the parameters specified by the user. Yet the automatic data comes from the implicit way of obtaining these, the information used by applications that the user performs in the course of their duties. For this, an architecture was set up to support the customization and the semantic specification of data used. Building such features extended the pervasive middleware EXEHDA, modifying the already existing services and adding new ones. The main contribution of this work is the interconnection between the components that make up the architecture, building a unique view of the context of a task from the perspective of the necessary data for it and the ability to be customized by the user. Thus, it reduces the need for explicit data entry, and it contributes to the reducing rejections of its adoption of clinical systems in highly dynamic environments such as hospitals. / O projeto ClinicSpace tem por objetivo preencher as lacunas existentes nos sistemas clínicos atuais, no que tange às características de pervasividade e apoio de tarefas computacionais às atividades clínicas que o usuário (médico) realiza. A arquitetura do modelo ClinicSpace, construída a partir da perspectiva dada pela teoria da atividade, é composta por vários módulos que interligados oferecem as características necessárias a um sistema clínico pervasivo orientado ao usuário-final. Um desses módulos é o tratamento de contexto das tarefas clínicas. Esse trabalho realiza uma discussão sobre os requisitos presentes para o tratamento de contexto das tarefas clínicas, definindo uma arquitetura para associá-los às tarefas do usuário, permitindo personalização de contexto e entrada automática de dados. A personalização é obtida através da utilização de Elementos Programáveis de Contexto, que são representados por atuadores, físicos ou lógicos, responsáveis por dotar o sistema de capacidade de execuções automáticas, baseadas em parâmetros de contexto especificados pelo usuário. Já a entrada automática de dados trata da obtenção destes de maneira implícita, obtendo as informações utilizadas pelas aplicações que o usuário executa, no decorrer de suas tarefas. Para isso, definiu-se uma arquitetura com suporte à personalização e especificação semântica dos dados nela utilizados. Para construir tais funcionalidades, estendeu-se o middleware pervasivo EXEHDA, modificando serviços existentes e agregando novos serviços. A principal contribuição do trabalho está na interligação existente entre os componentes que integram a arquitetura, construindo uma visão única do contexto de uma tarefa sob a perspectiva dos dados necessários a ela e da capacidade de personalização pelo usuário. Dessa forma, reduz-se a necessidade da entrada explícita de dados, e contribui-se para a redução da rejeição da adoção dos sistemas clínicos em ambientes altamente dinâmicos, como os hospitalares.

Lorsque nous enseignons une langue étrangère et dans le cas de ce travail, le français, dans une classe, il faut prendre en considération les différents aspects comme l’écriture, la lecture et la compétence communicative sur laquelle ce travail met l’accent. Cette compétence peut être plus abstraite que les autres car il s’agit des dialogues et des discours qui ne peuvent pas être écrits sur un document.  Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à trouver de bonnes méthodes utilisées pour enseigner et promouvoir la compétence communicative des élèves par des professeurs dans un lycée en Suède. Le travail cherche également à trouver comment les professeurs évaluent cette compétence par rapport au plan directif et dans quelle mesure le plan directif est utilisé comme un outil dans l’enseignement. La méthode utilisée est une étude phénoménologique avec une enquête composée de questions qualitatives pour recevoir des réponses plus approfondies. Quatre professeurs d’un lycée ont été interviewés et les données ont été évaluées avec la théorie choisie. La théorie utilisée dans ce travail est un mélange de quelques approches pour enseigner une langue étrangère dans les écoles. Nous avons choisi les approches comme l’alternance codique, l’approche actionnelle, l’approche communicative et une méthodologie de base pour planifier et évaluer les activités et la compétence. Enfin, nous avons regardé les commentaires du plan directif pour les langues vivantes au niveau 3 par Skolverket (2011a) pour plus facilement interpréter les critères de notations du plan directif. Bref, les résultats ont montré que c’est mieux de créer des petits groupes en enseignant la compétence communicative et que les meilleures tâches à utiliser peuvent être des images à décrire et des questions ouvertes et adéquates qui touchent à la vie de l’apprenant. Cela peut inciter l’élève à parler et exprimer ses pensées plus facilement que des activités en grands groupes et avec des questions fermées. / When we teach a foreign language or in this case, French, in a class, we have to be aware of the different skills like communication, writing and reading whereas this study puts emphasis on the communicative skill. This skill can be more abstract than the rest of the skills since it consists of dialogues and discourses which don’t necessarily need to be written on a document. In this study we will try to reveal some applicable methods used by teachers to teach and improve students’ communicative skills at an upper secondary school in Sweden. The study also tries to find out how these teachers evaluate and grade this particular skill according to the syllabus and in what frequency the syllabus is used by the teachers as a tool in their teaching. The method used is a phenomenological study with a questionnaire consisting of qualitative questions in order to receive more accurate answers. Four teachers at an upper secondary school have been interviewed and the empirical data collected have been evaluated together with the theory chosen. The theory used in this study is a mixture of approaches for teaching a foreign language in schools. We have chosen approaches like code-switching, task-based learning, the communicative approach and a basic methodology of how to plan and evaluate the activities chosen. Lastly, we have been looking at the commentary section on the syllabus for foreign languages on stage 3 made by Skolverket (2011) in order to easier interpret the grading criteria in the syllabus. Briefly, the results showed that it is better to create smaller groups when teaching the communicative skill and that the advantageous tasks can consist of images to describe and genuine and adequate questions which concern the student’s personal life. This can generate that the students talk and express their thoughts more freely than with activities in larger groups and with display questions.

El objetivo que se persigue con esta tesina es mostrar un panorama didáctico efectivo del uso de diversas redes sociales y el correo electrónico para la adquisición del español como lengua extranjera. Se han realizado investigaciones teóricas en diversas fuentes literarias y un estudio empírico que ha arrojado datos interesantes. En este trabajo se exponen diversas aportaciones lingüísticas que dan soporte a nuestras cuatro propuestas didáctias que proponen actividades en las que se pretende la inmersión del alumno en la lengua meta de una manera auténtica y motivadora. A través de este trabajo podemos concluir que el involucrar las redes sociales en las lecciones de ELE con un uso responsable y enfocado, contribuiría a construir un entorno multicultural entre los alumnos que supere las barreras geográficas y culturales del idioma, donde podría fácilmente darse un aprendizaje mucho más efectivo. / The objective pursued with this essay is to show an efficient didactic way of how to use various social networks and e-mail in the acquisition of Spanish as a foreign language. Theoretical investigations have been conducted in various literary sources and an empirical study have been conducted that yielded interesting data. In this essay we describe various linguistic contributions that give support to our four didactic proposals in which we seek the student’s immersion in the target language in anauthentic and motivating way. With this investigation we can conclude that the responsible and focused use of the social networks in the Spanish as a foreign language lessons, contributes to building a multicultural environment among students that overcome the geographic and cultural barriers of language, which could easily make learning more efficient.

L’enseignement des langues par la tâche est une approche d’enseignement des langues secondes de plus en plus adoptée dans différents contextes. Toutefois, la place de l’enseignement de la forme au sein d’une tâche fait toujours l’objet d’un débat. En plus de savoir si l’enseignement de la forme devrait se faire de façon préventive ou réactive (Ellis, 2017; Long, 2015), le moment auquel il faudrait procéder à un enseignement de la forme ne fait pas consensus, que ce soit au début de la tâche (Dekeyser, 1997, 2007), pendant la tâche (Lightbown, 2008; Long, 2015) ou après la tâche (Willis et Willis, 2007). Cette incertitude mène les enseignants à se demander s’ils devraient intégrer ou non un enseignement de la forme à une tâche et à quel moment ils devraient le faire (East, 2017). La présente étude quasi expérimentale vise à mieux comprendre le rôle lié au moment de procéder à un enseignement de la forme dans le cadre d’une tâche et à contrôler certaines variables qui peuvent moduler les effets du type d’enseignement, dont le niveau de connaissances initiales et l’aptitude langagière des apprenants. Huit groupes, six groupes expérimentaux et deux groupes témoins, d’étudiants de français langue seconde (quatre groupes de niveau B1 et quatre groupes de niveau B2) ainsi que leurs enseignants respectifs ont participé à l’étude. L’intervention expérimentale consistait en une tâche de hiérarchisation et une tâche de prise de décision. Six groupes ont reçu un enseignement explicite du subjonctif soit au début de chaque tâche, soit pendant la tâche, soit après la tâche et deux groupes ont réalisé les deux tâches sans recevoir d’enseignement explicite. Les participants (n = 165) ont effectué un prétest, un post-test immédiat et un post-test différé mesurant les connaissances implicites (test d’imitation sollicitée) et explicites (test de jugement de la grammaticalité) et ont effectué un test mesurant l’aptitude langagière (LLAMA). Le degré de connaissances des apprenants a été déterminé en fonction de leurs résultats aux prétests. Les participants dont les résultats étaient en dessous de la médiane ont été attribués aux groupes de niveau faible et ceux dont les résultats étaient au-dessus de la médiane ont été attribués aux groupes de niveau avancé. Les résultats d’ANOVA à mesures répétées montrent que les apprenants moins avancés semblent bénéficier d’un enseignement pendant la tâche, alors que les étudiants plus avancés semblent bénéficier d’un enseignement au début de la tâche. Par conséquent, le niveau des apprenants est à prendre en considération au moment de planifier un enseignement de la forme. Par ailleurs, les résultats de régressions multiples montrent que l’aptitude langagière est davantage sollicitée dans les conditions d’enseignement de la forme avant ou pendant la tâche et que différentes composantes interviennent à des stades d’acquisition différents. Cette étude offre des répercussions pratiques et théoriques au regard du moment de procéder à un enseignement de la forme en fonction du niveau des apprenants et de leur aptitude langagière. / Task-Based Language Teaching is an increasingly popular approach used in a variety of second-language learning environments. There is debate, however, on the incorporation of form-focused instruction and, more specifically, regarding when precisely it should be integrated in the execution of a task. Beyond determining whether a form should be taught proactively or reactively (Ellis, 2017, Long, 2015), the lack of consensus as to whether form-focused instruction should occur at the beginning of a task (Dekeyser, 1997, 2007), during a task (Lightbown, 2008; Long, 2015), or after a task (Willis et Willis, 2007) drives language instructors to question whether they should integrate form-focused instruction at all and creates uncertainty as to when it is most beneficial to do so (East, 2017). The present quasi experimental study seeks to better understand the effects of the timing of form-focused instruction in the task-based teaching framework while controlling for moderating variables such as the degree of learner knowledge and learners’ language aptitude. Eight groups, six experimental and two comparison, of French as a second language students (four groups of B1 level and four groups of B2 level) and their respective teachers participated in the study. The experimental intervention consisted of two tasks, one hierarchical task and one decision-making task. Six groups received explicit instruction on the subjunctive at the beginning, during, or after a task while two groups completed the tasks without explicit instruction. The participants (N = 165) completed a pre-test, an immediate post-test and a delayed post-test assessing both implicit knowledge (Elicited Imitation Test) and explicit knowledge (Grammaticality Judgment Test). Participants also completed a language aptitude assessment test (LLAMA). Learners’ degree of knowledge was determined based on their pre-test performance. Participants whose mean scores were below or above the median were assigned to the low or advanced knowledge groups respectively. Repeated-measures ANOVAs show that lower-level learners benefit from instruction during a task while more advanced learners benefit from instruction at the start of a task. Consequently, learner readiness is a factor to consider when planning and executing focus on form instruction. Additionally, multiple regression results demonstrate that language aptitude plays a more significant role when form-focused instruction is given before or during a task and that different components are drawn upon at different acquisitional stages. The study concludes by offering theories and practical recommendations regarding the inclusion of focus on form instruction that considers the level and aptitude of learners.

Many older adults desire to maintain their quality of life by living and aging independently in their own homes. However, it is difficult for older adults to notice and track the subtle changes in their own abilities because these abilities can change gradually over a long period of time. Technology in the form of ubiquitous sensors embedded in objects in the home can play a role in keeping track of the functional abilities of individuals unobtrusively, objectively, and continuously over a long period of time. This work introduces a sensing technique called “task-based embedded assessment” that monitors how well specific tasks important for independence are carried out using everyday objects found in the home with which individuals regularly interact. Following formative studies on the information needs of older adults and their caregivers, a sensing system called “dwellSense” that can monitor, assess, and provide feedback about how well individuals complete tasks, such as taking medications, using the phone, and making coffee, was designed, built, and evaluated. Multiple longterm (over 10 months) field deployments of dwellSense were used to investigate how the data collected from the system could support greater self-awareness of abilities and intentions to improve in task performance. Presenting and reflecting on data from ubiquitous sensing systems such as dwellSense is challenging because it is both highly dimensional as well as large in volume, particularly if it is collected over a long period of time. Thus, this work also investigates the time dimension of reflection and has identified that real-time feedback is particularly useful for supporting behavior change, and longer-term trended feedback is useful for greater awareness of abilities. Traditional forms of assessing the functional abilities of individuals tend to be either biased, lacking ecological validity, infrequent, or expensive to conduct. An automated sensor-based approach for assessment is compared to traditional performance testing by a trained clinician and found to match well with clinician-generated ratings that are objective, frequent, and ecologically valid. The contributions from this thesis not only advance the state of the art for maintaining quality of life and care for older adults, but also provide the foundations for designing personal sensing systems that aim to assess an individual’s abilities and support behaviors through the feedback of objective, timely sensed information.

The Communicative Approach to Second Language Teaching in Current Textbooks of Czech for Foreigners Jarmila Valková Abstract The general part of the thesis reviews the background, current understanding and key principles of the Communicative Approach to second language teaching with regard to their foundation in the Direct Oral Method. The objective, usual teaching techniques and textbook components of Communicative Language Teaching are compared to the ones used in the Grammar-Translation Method to show the essential difference between the direct and indirect language approaches to language acquisition and their implications for the character of textbook components. The research part of the thesis examines selected textbooks of Czech as a second language which are supposed to epitomise the following tendencies in the area of contemporary writing of textbooks of Czech for foreigners: a) consistent use of the strategies and textbook components based on the Grammar- Translation Method, b) eclectic application of Grammar-Translation strategies and components together with certain features of the Communicative Approach, c) coherent implementation of the Communicative Approach with related techniques and textbook components. Existence of the above mentioned tendencies in current textbooks of Czech as a second...

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in Afrikaans and English / This study aims to investigate and explain how the L2 -facilitator can effectively employ the various facilitation skills of language teaching in Afrikaans Second Language within the Outcomes Based Education framework in the learner-centred classroom. The facilitator is critical in providing an opportunity for multicultural learners to develop the necessary language learning skills to enjoy Afrikaans Second Language/Additional Language learning as an interesting learning experience within a positive learning milieu. In the learner-centred U -classroom, learners too must accept responsibility for their own and their peers' learning within the co-operative learning group. This study reveals how the L2 -facilitator can develop the necessary knowledge and skills concerning groupwork, such as the strategies enhancing L 2 -learning, effective group facilitation skills, learner attitudes towards the facilitator, problem-solving skills, co-operative learning as a control technique, communication, learners' behaviour and the advantages of groupwork. Furthermore, elements of classroom negotiation and the facilitator's methods of working in this negotiated partnership are also discussed. Since language learning is integral to lifelong learning, multicultural learners must be motivated to learn Afrikaans Second/ Additional language with greater enthusiasm. This necessitates the L2 -facilitator creating an interesting, challenging and authentic language learning environment where mutual respect and trust are emphasised. This study reveals how the L2 -facilitator could develop his/her knowledge of task-based L2 -teaching and use it with the effective techniques of facilitation and negotiation skills in the taskorientated second language classroom to lead learners to effective Afrikaans L2 -learning. The new National Language Standardisation Policy 200112002 necessitates the facilitator of Afrikaans L 2 -teaching/learning within the Outcomes Based Education framework and the revised Curriculum 2005 to be aufait with assessment and his/her role in assessment. Being knowledgeable on the various criteria and strategies regarding assessment is therefore imperative. Finally, chapter five illustrates practically how the facilitator could plan, organise, base, integrate and present authentic Afrikaans L 2 -lessons/work based on the theoretical knowledge and aspects of facilitation skills, group-work, task-based learning and assessment discussed in chapters two to four. / Daar word in die studie gepoog om te ondersoek en te verduidelik hoe die T2-fasiliteerder die verskillende fasiliteringsvaardighede ten opsigte van T2 -Afrikaansonderrig binne die UGO -raamwerk in die leerdergesentreerde T2-klaskamer effektief kan gebruik. Die fasiliteerder behoort sy multikulturele leerders die geleentheid te gun om die nodige taalleervaardighede te ontwikkel sodat hulle Afrikaans Tweedetaalleer/ Addisionele Taalleer as 'n interessante leerervaring binne 'n positiewe leerklimaat kan geniet. In die leerdergesentreerde T2 -klaskamer moet die leerders ook die verantwoordelikheid vir bulle eie leer, en vir die leer van ander leerders binne kooperatiewe leergroepe kan aanvaar. Die wyse waarop die fasiliteerder van T2-leer die nodige kennis en vaardighede ten opsigte van groepwerk kan ontwikkel, word deur die studie aan die lig gebring. Die verskillende strategiee wat die aanleer van die tweedetaal binne groepwerk bevorder, effektiewe groepsfasiliteringsvaardighede, leerders se gesindhede teenoor die fasiliteerder, die probleemoplossingsvaardighede, kooperatiewe leer as beheertegniek, kommunikasie, leerdergedragswyses en die voordele van groepwerk kom aan bod. Elemente van klaskameronderhandeling en die fasiliteerder se werkswyse in die onderhandelingsvennootskap word ook bespreek. Aangesien taalleer 'n integrale faset van lewenslange leer vorm, moet multikulturele leerders gemotiveer word om Afrikaans Tweedetaal/ Addisionele Taal op 'n meer entoesiastiese wyse te kan leer. Die T2 -fasiliteerder moet 'n interessante, uitdagende, outentieke taalleeromgewing skep waarin wedersydse respek en vertroue beklemtoon word. Die studie toon die wyse aan waarop die T2 -fasiliteerder sylhaar kennis in verband met taakgerigte T2 -onderrig kan ontwikkel en dit met die effektiewe fasiliteringstegnieke en onderhandelingsvaardighede in die taakgeorienteerde T2-klaskamer kan kombineer en gebruik om leerders tot effektiewe T2 -Afrikaansleer/ Addisionele Taalleer te kan lei. Die nuwe Nasionale Taalstandaardiseringsbeleid 2001/2002 vereis dat die fasiliteerder van T2-Afrikaansonderrig/-leer binne die UGO -raamwerk en die hersiene Kurrikulum 2005 deeglike kennis moet dra van assessering en sylhaar rol in assessering. Deeglike kennis ten opsigte van die verskillende assesseringskriteria en assesseringstegnieke is dus noodsaaklik. Daar word in hoofstuk vyf aangetoon op watter wyse die fasiliteerder outentieke praktiese T2-Afrikaanslesse/-werk, kan beplan, organiseer en dit op die teoretiese kennis en aspekte ten opsigte van fasiliteringsvaardighede, groepwerk, taakgerigte leer en assessering wat in hoofstukke twee tot vier bespreek word, kan toepas en geintegreerd kan aanbied. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / D.Litt. et Phil. (Afrikaans)

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in Afrikaans and English / This study aims to investigate and explain how the L2 -facilitator can effectively employ the various facilitation skills of language teaching in Afrikaans Second Language within the Outcomes Based Education framework in the learner-centred classroom. The facilitator is critical in providing an opportunity for multicultural learners to develop the necessary language learning skills to enjoy Afrikaans Second Language/Additional Language learning as an interesting learning experience within a positive learning milieu. In the learner-centred U -classroom, learners too must accept responsibility for their own and their peers' learning within the co-operative learning group. This study reveals how the L2 -facilitator can develop the necessary knowledge and skills concerning groupwork, such as the strategies enhancing L 2 -learning, effective group facilitation skills, learner attitudes towards the facilitator, problem-solving skills, co-operative learning as a control technique, communication, learners' behaviour and the advantages of groupwork. Furthermore, elements of classroom negotiation and the facilitator's methods of working in this negotiated partnership are also discussed. Since language learning is integral to lifelong learning, multicultural learners must be motivated to learn Afrikaans Second/ Additional language with greater enthusiasm. This necessitates the L2 -facilitator creating an interesting, challenging and authentic language learning environment where mutual respect and trust are emphasised. This study reveals how the L2 -facilitator could develop his/her knowledge of task-based L2 -teaching and use it with the effective techniques of facilitation and negotiation skills in the taskorientated second language classroom to lead learners to effective Afrikaans L2 -learning. The new National Language Standardisation Policy 200112002 necessitates the facilitator of Afrikaans L 2 -teaching/learning within the Outcomes Based Education framework and the revised Curriculum 2005 to be aufait with assessment and his/her role in assessment. Being knowledgeable on the various criteria and strategies regarding assessment is therefore imperative. Finally, chapter five illustrates practically how the facilitator could plan, organise, base, integrate and present authentic Afrikaans L 2 -lessons/work based on the theoretical knowledge and aspects of facilitation skills, group-work, task-based learning and assessment discussed in chapters two to four. / Daar word in die studie gepoog om te ondersoek en te verduidelik hoe die T2-fasiliteerder die verskillende fasiliteringsvaardighede ten opsigte van T2 -Afrikaansonderrig binne die UGO -raamwerk in die leerdergesentreerde T2-klaskamer effektief kan gebruik. Die fasiliteerder behoort sy multikulturele leerders die geleentheid te gun om die nodige taalleervaardighede te ontwikkel sodat hulle Afrikaans Tweedetaalleer/ Addisionele Taalleer as 'n interessante leerervaring binne 'n positiewe leerklimaat kan geniet. In die leerdergesentreerde T2 -klaskamer moet die leerders ook die verantwoordelikheid vir bulle eie leer, en vir die leer van ander leerders binne kooperatiewe leergroepe kan aanvaar. Die wyse waarop die fasiliteerder van T2-leer die nodige kennis en vaardighede ten opsigte van groepwerk kan ontwikkel, word deur die studie aan die lig gebring. Die verskillende strategiee wat die aanleer van die tweedetaal binne groepwerk bevorder, effektiewe groepsfasiliteringsvaardighede, leerders se gesindhede teenoor die fasiliteerder, die probleemoplossingsvaardighede, kooperatiewe leer as beheertegniek, kommunikasie, leerdergedragswyses en die voordele van groepwerk kom aan bod. Elemente van klaskameronderhandeling en die fasiliteerder se werkswyse in die onderhandelingsvennootskap word ook bespreek. Aangesien taalleer 'n integrale faset van lewenslange leer vorm, moet multikulturele leerders gemotiveer word om Afrikaans Tweedetaal/ Addisionele Taal op 'n meer entoesiastiese wyse te kan leer. Die T2 -fasiliteerder moet 'n interessante, uitdagende, outentieke taalleeromgewing skep waarin wedersydse respek en vertroue beklemtoon word. Die studie toon die wyse aan waarop die T2 -fasiliteerder sylhaar kennis in verband met taakgerigte T2 -onderrig kan ontwikkel en dit met die effektiewe fasiliteringstegnieke en onderhandelingsvaardighede in die taakgeorienteerde T2-klaskamer kan kombineer en gebruik om leerders tot effektiewe T2 -Afrikaansleer/ Addisionele Taalleer te kan lei. Die nuwe Nasionale Taalstandaardiseringsbeleid 2001/2002 vereis dat die fasiliteerder van T2-Afrikaansonderrig/-leer binne die UGO -raamwerk en die hersiene Kurrikulum 2005 deeglike kennis moet dra van assessering en sylhaar rol in assessering. Deeglike kennis ten opsigte van die verskillende assesseringskriteria en assesseringstegnieke is dus noodsaaklik. Daar word in hoofstuk vyf aangetoon op watter wyse die fasiliteerder outentieke praktiese T2-Afrikaanslesse/-werk, kan beplan, organiseer en dit op die teoretiese kennis en aspekte ten opsigte van fasiliteringsvaardighede, groepwerk, taakgerigte leer en assessering wat in hoofstukke twee tot vier bespreek word, kan toepas en geintegreerd kan aanbied. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / D.Litt. et Phil. (Afrikaans)