Bakgrund: Ett avgörande moment för nygrundade start-ups är processen att få in externt kapital för att kunna finansiera sin verksamhet. Ofta erbjuds lösningen genom venture capital-bolag vars uppgift är att utvärdera start-ups och därefter investera i de som bedöms ha god framgångspotential. När venture capital-bolag utvärderar vilka start-ups de vill investera i, är entreprenörs-teamet en viktig faktor. Bedömningen av vad som är ett bra team görs traditionellt genom möten mellan investerare och teamet, men på senare år har en mer formell analysmetod introducerats där entreprenörs-team utvärderas med hjälp av verktyg baserade på forskning. Utvecklingen av formella analysverktyg har således skapat ett behov av forskning som kartlägger effekterna av dessa för att utvärdera teams. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att kartlägga hur ett formellt analysverktyg påverkar investerare inom venture capital när de fattar investeringsbeslut, samt hur utvärderingen genom ett formellt analysverktyg påverkar de entreprenörs-team som utvärderas. Genomförande: Studien karaktäriseras av ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. Empirin har samlats in genom ett målinriktat urval vilket har lett till att totalt nio investerare har intervjuats under en tidsperiod på fyra veckor. Samtliga respondenter är anställda av samma venture-capital-bolag och ingår i en utvecklingsgrupp där de använder ett formellt analysverktyg för utvärderingen av entreprenörs-team. Slutsats: De största effekterna på investerare av att nyttja ett formellt analysverktyg, är en ökad förståelse och jämförbarhet av entreprenörs-team. Vidare visar studien att det formella analysverktyget även reducerar den påverkan som undermedvetna faktorer och fördomar kan ha på investerare under investeringsprocessen. För de entreprenörs-team som utvärderas, identifieras effekterna till verktygets förmåga att identifiera olikheter i medlemmarnas personligheter och skapa en förståelse för vad de drivs av. Detta möjliggör diskussioner som kan förbättra teamets gruppdynamik och hjälper dem undvika potentiella utmaningar i framtiden. / Background: A defining moment for newly founded start-ups is the process of acquiring external capital in order to be able to finance their initial operations. The solution is often found within venture capital. A company within venture capital evaluates different start-ups and consequently offer to invest in those that are determined to have high potential. When these companies evaluate the potential of a start-up, the entrepreneurial team is an important factor. The evaluation of what makes a good entrepreneurial team is traditionally done through meetings between the investor and the team, but during recent years a more formal team assessment method has been introduced, were the team is evaluated through models and facts based on previous research. The development of formal team assessment tools have thus created a demand for research that determines the effects of these tools, both for the investment analysis that investors make, as well as for the entrepreneurial teams being evaluated. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate how a formal team assessment tool influences investors when they make their investment decisions, as well as how the evaluation affects the entrepreneurial teams being evaluated. Completion: This study is characterized by a qualitative research approach with empirical data collected through a target sample. A total of nine investors has been interviewed during a time period of four weeks. All investors are employed by the same venture capital firm and are part of a development group which utilize a formal team assessment tool for the evaluation of entrepreneurial teams. Conclusion: The most meaningful effects for investors are identified as the team assessments tools’ ability to visualize and compare the personalities of entrepreneurial team members with each other. This benefits the investors by increasing their understanding of how a start-up team will perform and behave in the long run. Additionally, the study indicates that the introduction of the formal team assessment tool reduces the impact that bias normally has on the evaluation of entrepreneurial teams. For the teams being evaluated, the most significant effect of the team assessment tool is found to be its ability to improve the group dynamics of entrepreneurial teams.

The general aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and team culture, establish whether this relationship changed over time and determine if there were significant differences between the research groups in their personalities and team cultures from a before to an after assessment. The study was conducted on a sample from the South African Police Services and assessments utilising the Basic Traits Inventory (BTI) and the Team Emotional and Social Intelligence survey (TESI) were analysed at the onset and completion of the participants' training. The results indicated a slight relationship between personality and team culture and significant differences were detected from the before to after phases of the study. The findings of the study contribute to an understanding of personality as amenable to a specific occupational setting and of team culture as a more stable variable, which is established early in the team‟s development. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Studien syftar till att få en förståelse för Group Development Questionnaire (GDQ) som projektledningsverktyg, hur det kan användas för att utveckla team samt vad utvecklingen kan leda till hos teamen. För att besvara syftet har tre frågeställningar upprättats: Hur upplevs GDQ som verktyg? Vad underlättar användandet av GDQ vid utveckling av team? och Hur upplevs team som har utvecklats utifrån en GDQ-mätning? En kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer valdes för genomförandet av studien och bidrog till ett resultat med tre centrala teman: Det var väl inte så farligt, Klara, färdiga...Vilket håll ska vi åt? och Hur går det för oss?  Det var väl inte så farligt belyser vikten av information för att minska motstånd och skapa en trygghet och nyfikenhet i teamutvecklingsprocessen. Klara, färdiga... Vilket håll ska vi åt? lyfter att teamet är det centrala i teamutvecklingsprocessen och Hur går det för oss? beskriver vad teamutvecklingen med GDQ som instrument upplevs leda till hos teamen. Studiens slutsatser är att GDQ är ett bra verktyg för att skapa en insikt och medvetenhet hos teamet, men att utvecklingen sker när teamet tar tag i områdena som framkommer av GDQ-mätningen och aktivt arbetar med dem. Information, motivation och vilja hos teamet är grundläggande för att utvecklingen ska ske. Teamutvecklingen leder till mer högfungerande team, med bättre kommunikationsstrukturer och ett mer effektivt samarbete. / The purpose of this study is to get an understanding of the Group Development Questionnaire (GDQ) as an instrument for project management, how it can be used to develop teams and what the team development process may result in. To answer this, three research questions have been formulated: What is the experience of GDQ as an instrument? What facilitates the use of GDQ in the development of teams? and How are teams that have been developed using GDQ perceived? A qualitative method with semi-structured interviews was used in this study, which led to a result with three central themes: That wasn’t so bad, Ready, set... Which way are we going? and How are we doing?  That wasn’t so bad illustrates the importance of information to reduce resistance and create a feeling of safety and curiosity in the process of team development. Ready, set... Which way are we going? shows that the team is the center of the team development process and How are we doing? describes what the team development with GDQ as an instrument can lead to in teams. The conclusion of this study is that GDQ is an adequate instrument for creating a realization and awareness in teams, but the key to team development lies with the team using the information to actively work with their development. Information, communication and motivation are key elements for team development to take place. Team development using GDQ leads to higher functioning teams, with better communication structures and a more efficient collaboration.

En välfungerande och effektiv ledningsgrupp är en framgångsfaktor inom såväl privat som offentlig sektor. Ledningsgruppens speciella karaktär gör att alternativa grupputvecklingsmodeller, utöver de mer klassiska, kan vara mer användbara. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om faktorerna tillit, konflikt, åtagande, ansvarsskyldighet och resultat i Lencionis (2002) modell är relevanta utgångspunkter i arbete med ledningsgruppers effektivitet, med fokus på tillit. Utifrån en egenkonstruerad enkät med självskattning från 74 ledares bedömningar, har deskriptiva analyser utförts. Vidare har t-test, regressionssamband och principalkomponentanalyser genomförts för att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Utifrån denna studies resultat ges endast ett måttligt stöd för att de fem faktorerna förklarar ledargruppsdeltagares syn på ledningsgruppens effektivitet även om de individuellt bedöms som relevanta. Det finns indikationer på att med ytterligare frågor skulle reliabiliteten öka och därmed ge ett tydligare stöd åt de fem faktorerna. Ytterligare studier behövs för att klargöra detta samband. Studien ger dock stöd för betydelsen av tillit och dess oberoende av demografiska variabler som kön, ålder, sektor eller ledningsgruppserfarenhet. Vidare visar studien att ledningsgruppens effektivitet kan beskrivas i två komponenter med flera delar där komponenterna handlar om inre och yttre effektivitet, vilket också är i linje med Granberg och Wallenholm (2017). Sammantaget ger detta en bild av att alternativa modeller som Lencionis (2002) kan vara relevanta att använda och att de fem faktorerna tillit, konflikt, åtagande, ansvarsskyldighet och resultat ändå kan vara relevanta utgångspunkter i arbetet med ledningsgruppens effektivitet, med fokus på tillit. / A well-functioning and efficient management team is a success factor in both the private and public sectors. The special nature of the management team means that other than classic group development models can be more useful. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the factors trust, conflict, commitment, responsibility and results in Lencioni's (2002) model are relevant starting points in work with the management teams' effectiveness, with a focus on trust. Based on a self-constructed survey with self-assessment from 74 leaders' assessments, descriptive analyzes have been performed. Furthermore, t-tests, regression analysis and principal component analyzes were performed to answer the study's questions. Based on the results of this study, only moderate support is given for the five factors to explain the management group participants' views on the management group's effectiveness, even if they are individually assessed as relevant. There are indications that with additional questions, the reliability would increase and thus provide clearer support to the five factors. Further studies are needed to clarify this. However, the study provides support for the importance of trust and its independence from demographic variables such as gender, age, sectors or management team experience. Furthermore, the study shows that the management group's efficiency can be described in two components with several parts where the components are about internal and external efficiency, which is also in line with Granberg and Wallenholm (2017). All in all, it gives an idea that alternative models like Lencioni (2002) can be relevant to use and that the five factors trust, conflict, commitment, responsibility and results can still be a relevant starting point in the work with the management group's efficiency, with a focus on trust.

People and the project teams are the ones who drive us above and beyond. The literature on project management has a strong focus on developing superhero project managers who can lead, transform, and grow project teams using numerous projects management tools. Projects are known as a team effort yet the research on top performing project teams, I argue are not comprehensive. There are only a handful of studies done on how to lead project teams towards top performance. In the recent years, the concept of shared leadership and co-creation has been developing and pointing even more towards the need to work with team processes and that the project management is about the team and not the project manager. In this study I have examined the key elements of values, standards and roles and how top performing teams in projects are developed and sustained. This study is based on ten comprehensive interviews with project award winners and their perception of the key elements to their success stories. The results of the study have indicated the importance of empowering the people and the project team towards selfmanaging team. The results reveal further that bringing up a value-discussion in project teams and specifically top performing ones might be perceived as counterproductive. / Människor och projektteam är de som driver oss att nå utöver det vanliga. Litteraturen om projektledning har ett starkt fokus på att utveckla superhjälteprojektledare som kan leda, transformera och utveckla projektteam med hjälp av många projektledningsverktyg. Projekt är kända för att vara en laginsats men forskningen om toppresterande projektteam och hur man når excellens i projekt hävdar jag inte är heltäckande. Det finns bara en handfull studier gjorda om hur man leder projektteam till att bli toppresterande. Under de senaste åren har begreppet delat ledarskap och samskapande utvecklats och pekar ännu mer mot behovet av att arbeta med teamprocesser och att projektledningen handlar om teamet och inte projektledaren. I den här studien har jag undersökt nyckelelementen värderingar, standarder och roller och hur toppresterande team i utvecklas och upprätthålls. Denna studie är baserad på tio omfattande intervjuer med projektpristagare och deras uppfattning om nyckelelementen i deras framgångsberättelse. Resultaten har visat vikten av att stärka människor och projektteamet mot att bli självstyrande team. Resultaten avslöjar vidare att det kan uppfattas som kontraproduktivt att ta upp en värdediskussion i projektteam och specifikt de som är toppresterande.

本研究乃以台北市一所國中的英語團隊為研究對象，藉由訪談與觀察，就團隊的英語創意教學、英語創意團隊的特質、英語創意團隊的發展歷程及影響英語創意團隊發展內外相關因素四個面向進行分析，並得到以下的結論： 一、英語創意教學 （一）營造優質英語學習環境，從校園中雙語環境的建構開始，讓學生能自然 而然學習英文。 （二）每日一句與闖關活動，透過提供學生每天一個英文句子的構想，逐漸累積學生的英語學習基礎。 （三）推展英語閱讀風氣，由老師規劃選定英文書籍，提供學生進行選讀。 （四）建置線上測驗題庫，擴展學生更寬廣的學習空間。 （五）舉辦各項英語競賽，提供學生一個表現與揮灑的舞台。 （六）有效的英語教學策略，堅持符合學生個別差異，發展適合的教學方式。 （七）彙編英語學習護照，將學校推展的各項英語課程設計與活動進行統整。 二、英語創意團隊的特質 （一）團隊成員間充分合作精神，無論在創意活動的討論、或工作分配都是完全配合。 （二）對於工作的認真投入與付出，已是成員間的一種共識。 （三）沉重工作量所造成的負擔，並未使成員們卻步，反而讓老師們基於對教育專業的堅持，更加努力與投入。 三、英語創意團隊的發展歷程 （一）團隊成員的生態重組，正好資深教師退休，英語團隊成員彼此年齡接近且想法接近。 （二）由於對新的九年一貫教育政策不了解，英語團隊成員轉而依賴領域會議的討論與彼此的支持。 （三）召集人兼具規劃與帶領的角色，引導著團隊創意教學的研發。 （四）領域工作量劇增所帶來的疲備感，團隊成員會私下抱怨並相互打氣，只是這樣的聲音卻不曾影響到團隊的運作。 （五）隨著團隊人員數量的變動，例如缺乏實習教師的編制，召集人亦針對英語領域的創意活動進行調整，以適度減輕成員的工作負荷。 四、影響英語創意團隊發展內外相關因素 （一）教師專業進修的充實，奠定英語團隊的基礎資訊能力，。 （二）行政全力的配合與協助，以及公開場合對英語團隊公開讚賞與支持，給予團隊成員莫大的鼓勵。 （三）學生在學習態度上積極認真，且整體聽說讀寫能力亦大有進步。 （四）校內其他領域教師未對英語領域給與過多的關注與壓力，讓英語團隊有著更寬闊的空間。 （五）領域召集人對教育的堅持及領導風格，是帶動團隊發展的一個關鍵。 （六）教育政策上的頒布，提供老師一個進修及合作的機會點。 （七）隨著創意教學的落實，學生在英語表現漸有成果與進步時，家長的支持力量也展現出來。 根據研究發現與結論，本研究從以下三方面提出建議： 一、學校行政人員：學校領導者應統整學校本位課程課程，行政處室主動提供協助並促進各領域交流及對話。 二、學校領域團隊：應慎於團隊領導人的選定，且其角色功能應重於領導與協調；而團隊其他成員，則可從其教育熱忱的強化著手。 三、後續研究：對於未來相關研究的建議，首先在研究向度可加入學校教師文化的探討，另可將創意團隊與創意個人的表現作一比較。 / The research focuses on a junior high school in Taipei. Analyzing the presentation of English creative teaching, the characters of the creative team, the development of the creative team and the factors that affects the development of the team. And the researcher gets the conclusions as the following, A.The presentation of English creative teaching includes providing a good environment of English learning with bilingual signs and posters, inventing activities like “one English sentence every day” to let students accumulate their English sentences, promoting the students’ ability of English extracurricular readers, redacting the English tests on line to afford the students wide space of learning, holding various kinds of English contests, making the effective strategies of English learning according to the difference between students, and compiling an “ English Passport” to integrate all of the curriculum and activities. B.The characteristics of the English creative team consist of complete cooperation, earnest work and the insistence of educational profession. C.the Development of the Creative Team At first, some English teachers retired, and the members left in the team are similar in ages and thought. Second, the teachers got the need of forming a team because of the new educational policy, like “the Nine-Year Integrated Curriculum.” The leader of the team plays the role of the guidance and coordination. The members keep the enthusiasm and they encourage one another even feeling tired. At last, the team comes to modification based on the comprehensive opinions. D. The factors of creative team development are divided into the ones of the inner and outer school. The inner factors are the support and assistance of the administration, the students’ progress, the attitude of the other teachers in the school, the leadership of the team chief and the teamwork of the whole members. Besides, the outer factors are the educational policy and the alimentation of students’ parents. According to the exploration and conclusion, the researcher addresses the advice, A.A principal should be the leader of the curriculum in order that he can conduct the teachers to develop the school-based curriculum. And the administrative staffs have to give the most assistance to all the teachers. B.The leader of the team is a very important role, especially his leadership style. And about the members, we need to cultivate their enthusiasm. C.They can be added into the further research like the exploration of teachers’ culture and the discrepancy of creativity between individuals and teams.

This thesis explores barriers to the establishment of trust needed for high performing teams due to inequality in the context of a global economy. Postcolonial Theory is introduced to illustrate how inequality is a key aspect of diversity in the current context of the global workplace. Different philosophies underlying the values and norms in organizations are examined to make sense of contemporary approaches to diversity management in terms of how power, difference, and identity are addressed. This provides an understanding of the context of current team development praxis in working with diversity. Using autoethnography, the author tells personal stories of working in diverse teams to convey the complex ways in which power, difference, and identity coalesce in real-life experience. Some theoretical foundations are developed for facilitating the building of team trust in contexts with different philosophical approaches to diversity. Addressing social justice in Organization Development work is considered.

This thesis explores barriers to the establishment of trust needed for high performing teams due to inequality in the context of a global economy. Postcolonial Theory is introduced to illustrate how inequality is a key aspect of diversity in the current context of the global workplace. Different philosophies underlying the values and norms in organizations are examined to make sense of contemporary approaches to diversity management in terms of how power, difference, and identity are addressed. This provides an understanding of the context of current team development praxis in working with diversity. Using autoethnography, the author tells personal stories of working in diverse teams to convey the complex ways in which power, difference, and identity coalesce in real-life experience. Some theoretical foundations are developed for facilitating the building of team trust in contexts with different philosophical approaches to diversity. Addressing social justice in Organization Development work is considered.

ARAÚJO , Regina Lúcia Moura de . Afetividade institucional e desempenho de equipe: um estudo de caso em um hospital público e de ensino. 2009. 169 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2012-04-16T17:33:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_RLMDAraujo.PDF: 874067 bytes, checksum: eb21e1f57663f287ae1faea2f9bb475b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-04-17T12:28:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_RLMDAraujo.PDF: 874067 bytes, checksum: eb21e1f57663f287ae1faea2f9bb475b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-17T12:28:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_RLMDAraujo.PDF: 874067 bytes, checksum: eb21e1f57663f287ae1faea2f9bb475b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The present search aims to understand the institutional affectivity in two work groups in the a public school hospital in Ceará state. An influent aspect on the decision of the development of the research for the hospital area was the relevance and the grandiosity of the actions done by those organizations, whose organizational culture has as nature the assistance to health and the concern about the practice of teaching. Other determining factors are related to the decisory process of the mentioned organizations which is generally carried out in superior spheres and also related to infrastructures which are characterized by precarization or permanent lack of material resource, inclusive lack of personnel, what demands workers’ bigger endeavor, and it may cause a work overloading. The main theoretical references were the studies on the theories about affectivity, affectivity at work, organizational culture and theories related to changes in contemporary work. In the research on institutional affectivity it was used the qualitative approach and had exploratory studies with bibliographical basis as a form of preparation and validity of a reference model of the Institutional Affectivity developed by the author. To the data analysis, establishing the relations between the two investigated groups, we used part of the referential of the suggested model. The results indicate that the Institutional Affectivity is related to team performance and organizational culture and is associated with the following factors: attitudes, confidence of the leader and collective action. / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender a afetividade institucional em duas equipes de trabalho de um hospital público e de ensino do estado do Ceará. Um aspecto influente na decisão do desenvolvimento da pesquisa para a área hospitalar foi a relevância e a grandiosidade das ações praticadas por essas organizações, cuja cultura organizacional tem por natureza a assistência à saúde e a preocupação com a realização do exercício da docência. Outros fatores determinantes relacionam-se ao processo de gestão das referidas organizações, que, geralmente, é realizado em esferas superiores, e à infraestrutura, que se caracteriza pela precarização do trabalho ou falta permanente de recursos materiais e de pessoas, o que exige maior empenho dos trabalhadores, gerando sobrecarga de trabalho. Os principais referenciais teóricos foram os estudos sobre as teorias sobre afetividade, afetividade no trabalho, cultura organizacional e as teorias referentes às transformações no trabalho contemporâneo. A pesquisa sobre afetividade institucional utilizou a abordagem qualitativa e constou de estudos exploratórios em base bibliográfica como forma de elaboração e validação de um modelo de referência de afetividade institucional desenvolvido pela autora. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizou-se o referencial do modelo proposto. Os resultados indicam que a afetividade institucional relaciona-se a desempenho de equipe e cultura organizacional e está associada aos seguintes fatores: atitudes, confiança do líder e ação coletiva.

The goal of the master thesis is to determine possibilities of improving of management of multicultural teams in the Service Desk department in DHL Information Services (Europe) s. r. o. The teoretical part of the thesis involves concepts of team, team development, team management practices and team communication. The practical part of the thesis focuses on verification of hypotheses through structured interviews with manager of multicultural teams in the department of Service Desk and with particular team leaders.